tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72024258889444287352024-03-29T02:20:56.334-04:00Spotsylvania MemoryPat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.comBlogger218125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-38853517496128110312023-08-29T15:15:00.002-04:002023-09-10T07:58:57.783-04:00Parmenas Bowker Pritchett, Jr.<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7KGCxNVuwZyb8bFlcv5pvh6J7CaWlpcIr24RD1wv0UZHXT2p8rrlEglZhymrKUZPgUcKNmwuKEyUp7o7yY_W8If1TdhSEi1n-jetycKLRoFyjXriGuUW5xCbXRprVQ-3gTx-w-efYHxPttgaFj-rio9d7-yOCI92XbkIbwhtpm-vKDvJB3aMi4tbb8XZB/s1280/Parmenas%20Bowker%20Pritchett%20(Vickie).jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="987" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7KGCxNVuwZyb8bFlcv5pvh6J7CaWlpcIr24RD1wv0UZHXT2p8rrlEglZhymrKUZPgUcKNmwuKEyUp7o7yY_W8If1TdhSEi1n-jetycKLRoFyjXriGuUW5xCbXRprVQ-3gTx-w-efYHxPttgaFj-rio9d7-yOCI92XbkIbwhtpm-vKDvJB3aMi4tbb8XZB/s320/Parmenas%20Bowker%20Pritchett%20(Vickie).jpeg" width="247" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Parmenas Bowker Pritchett, Jr. (Vickie Neely)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> During his long and productive lifetime, Parmenas Bowker Pritchett, Jr., served his community in a variety of roles. His most lasting legacy, however, was the part he played in establishing what has been a landmark in Spotsylvania County for 150 years--Goshen Baptist Church.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> His story begins with that of his father, Parmenas, Sr., who was born in Caroline County on September 29, 1781. Parmenas, Sr., seems to have enjoyed a certain level of status and prosperity during his years in Virginia, acquiring several tracts of land. Among these was a 510-acre tract of land on the Spotsylvania-Caroline county border inherited by his wife, Sarah Goodloe, whom he married on January 30, 1813.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Parmenas, Sr., and Sarah had at least five children together, including two sons--Bird, born in 1814, and Parmenas, Jr., born about 1818. Things appeared to go well for the Pritchetts until 1824, when the name of Parmenas, Sr., first appeared on a list of Spotsylvania County insolvents. In October of that year, he was obliged to deed "all his interest in his home place" (presumably the Goodloe tract) to Sheriff Hamilton to pay a financial obligation. His fortunes do not seem to have improved over the next few years and in 1829 Parmenas, Sr., moved his family to Kentucky. The following year, the Pritchetts moved to Missouri, where they settled in Marion County. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Virtually nothing is known about the Pritchetts during their years in Missouri. When he died on August 17, 1835, Parmenas, Sr., left no will, and the court in Marion County appointed his son Bird as one of the administrators of his estate. What, if anything, the Pritchett children inherited from their father is not known. Bird Pritchett moved his family to Iowa in 1843, and he lived there for the rest of his life. A few years later, the younger Parmenas would get his own opportunity in Spotsylvania County.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiopv1CzRwxE5HaHQWK2GCYE1ms0oi-zTFTWQL19U7CgkgpF5Ml0WcFCS9lgXQqieO6rswB3W3OEnEgH5JfIYE9iWHFHBArlMErhHbTrvMe2FZpRFqptzcUosCFm-auTjFnJ23zUBVAyerZVtLTrOCsD6KKPn-KvGugG5iGs4tg9DYgXmpzgU9YhsIiJp8F/s1366/VH%2028%20Oct%201835-1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="804" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiopv1CzRwxE5HaHQWK2GCYE1ms0oi-zTFTWQL19U7CgkgpF5Ml0WcFCS9lgXQqieO6rswB3W3OEnEgH5JfIYE9iWHFHBArlMErhHbTrvMe2FZpRFqptzcUosCFm-auTjFnJ23zUBVAyerZVtLTrOCsD6KKPn-KvGugG5iGs4tg9DYgXmpzgU9YhsIiJp8F/s320/VH%2028%20Oct%201835-1.png" width="188" /></a></div><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG57qBxkfKAuT-PsKOCW1zCREVKv9leE3mbcZsGtQORxhYuijNh8mq0D8-3l2w9Y4_WFuh4pwuq8fGP5nLYNApn4BB_n989eKamtNl_wroDBzaSSgHD5BcypcL6Eu7jf0i83ExrAQaKbcSgsfJ5pQqwN842KqLf-WOAK7QUYpCaAn2zhcUpvpGU8CsWUHy/s788/VH%2010%20Oct%201835-2.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="314" data-original-width="788" height="128" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG57qBxkfKAuT-PsKOCW1zCREVKv9leE3mbcZsGtQORxhYuijNh8mq0D8-3l2w9Y4_WFuh4pwuq8fGP5nLYNApn4BB_n989eKamtNl_wroDBzaSSgHD5BcypcL6Eu7jf0i83ExrAQaKbcSgsfJ5pQqwN842KqLf-WOAK7QUYpCaAn2zhcUpvpGU8CsWUHy/s320/VH%2010%20Oct%201835-2.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Virginia Herald, 28 October 1835<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In 1846, James H. and Frances Hawkins deeded a farm in Spotsylvania County to young Parmenas's unmarried aunts, Henrietta and Lucy Pritchett. Known as "Orchard Hill," this property was located on Brock Road just east of its intersection with Gordon Road. The deed from the Hawkins couple (who for many years owned the farm adjacent to Wilderness Baptist Church) specified that Parmenas would gain title to the property after his aunts passed away.</p><p> The 1850 census in the Pritchett's neighborhood, taken on November 9, 1850, shows Parmenas as the the head of his household, which included Henrietta and Lucy. This is somewhat peculiar, because the marriage records of Orange County show that he had married 18-year-old Anne Elizabeth Downer on September 16, 1850. Anne appears on the 1850 census as a member of the household of her guardian, John D. Hawkins. John was a brother of James H. Hawkins, and they were both uncles of Anne Downer.</p><p> Anne Downer was born in Spotsylvania County in January 1832. She was a daughter of Larkin and Mary Foster Downer. Larkin was a blacksmith by trade and owned a shop on the Orange Turnpike just east of where Salem Church now stands.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHZzpox4XYqaVdsNKUrO9scT0N15PhkrTNueUpOznZhn-MEs_rGa-YVI9AqwEzdYd6_UxTIMh_XkYb8YCD2QZUX2ZyMAdP3D5qA-OVGgO_gm4nS5Rl0hhzUWGDVn4iaLvvj48ew53wd56iAuCZs4aNUEPTP8hgBMVhqBdNCXS3K4HFJEoyeI_NjHxsQBwz/s966/VH%2018%20Feb%201835.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="758" data-original-width="966" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHZzpox4XYqaVdsNKUrO9scT0N15PhkrTNueUpOznZhn-MEs_rGa-YVI9AqwEzdYd6_UxTIMh_XkYb8YCD2QZUX2ZyMAdP3D5qA-OVGgO_gm4nS5Rl0hhzUWGDVn4iaLvvj48ew53wd56iAuCZs4aNUEPTP8hgBMVhqBdNCXS3K4HFJEoyeI_NjHxsQBwz/s320/VH%2018%20Feb%201835.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Virginia Herald, 18 February 1835<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Anne's mother died in 1833, and Larkin Downer died in 1840. In his will, written five days before his death on December 27, Larkin left Anne a bed and some bedding, which was at R.W. Schooler's house in Caroline County. Larkin named his son Thomas as one of his executors. Thomas was married to Martha Hawkins, who was a sister of John D. and James H. Hawkins (who had deeded Orchard Hill to the Pritchetts).</p><p> Parmenas and Anne lived at Orchard Hill, where they raised ten children who survived infancy. One son, Van, died of pneumonia at age 18 in 1888.</p><p> The 1850 census also shows that Parmenas was a slave owner. He owned 14 people that year, the youngest being a one-year-old girl, the oldest a 70-year-old woman. As his household expanded, Parmenas found it necessary to advertise for additional help:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc9Y5JWzF9nb58Pc3FXBfN2grCO8Sr0mrveHqq9di7cVVkNFobktxir-41JyAYiOwl46FiRr2XgFG8IVtJmf-PoZqws11um3ZQ5CWUYH-sArjuGNc9BV3amZIkrSyrP9yeYhFmH-F7yNWf7983g-BWyhuHD45_r1IlJMbyvYmYyvgy66bNfmLEgrR8VSmx/s928/FN%201%20May%201854.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="332" data-original-width="928" height="114" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc9Y5JWzF9nb58Pc3FXBfN2grCO8Sr0mrveHqq9di7cVVkNFobktxir-41JyAYiOwl46FiRr2XgFG8IVtJmf-PoZqws11um3ZQ5CWUYH-sArjuGNc9BV3amZIkrSyrP9yeYhFmH-F7yNWf7983g-BWyhuHD45_r1IlJMbyvYmYyvgy66bNfmLEgrR8VSmx/s320/FN%201%20May%201854.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fredericksburg News, 1 May 1854<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> One of most salient aspects of Parmenas's life was his devotion to the Baptist Church. He took a strong stance against the use of alcohol and was for many years was an adherent of the Temperance movement. The earliest known mention of this occurred in 1852:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPg6RTIB7OPhDKLff6--c08F-_X14DXkBKlarO7TZANlXcjfv4L8Bb_iS_CrXLxOY4rMbpXXlEhC3VQIvi01p2Xz99j_WLb_NrdU5qgXaAc4ztfK9zQF-CnfTMq5HA760ERyIZ2WBp0IyZco7WWOwFXFHWyjvO52H1As96U8AdBjk3Axovc0ZTDiVHP1du/s742/FN%209%20Apr%201852.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="552" data-original-width="742" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPg6RTIB7OPhDKLff6--c08F-_X14DXkBKlarO7TZANlXcjfv4L8Bb_iS_CrXLxOY4rMbpXXlEhC3VQIvi01p2Xz99j_WLb_NrdU5qgXaAc4ztfK9zQF-CnfTMq5HA760ERyIZ2WBp0IyZco7WWOwFXFHWyjvO52H1As96U8AdBjk3Axovc0ZTDiVHP1du/s320/FN%209%20Apr%201852.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fredericksburg News, 9 April 1852<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Parmenas's aunt Lucy died of pneumonia in 1853. She is believed to be buried in the Pritchett family cemetery at Orchard Hill. </p><p> On the eve of the Civil War, the 1860 census shows that there were seven whites living at Orchard Hill: Parmenas and Anne; children Booth, Lucy, William Robert and Annie; and overseer R.T. Minor. Mr. Minor had charge of 10 enslaved people, ranging in age from five to eighty. Their value accounted for much of the $10,825 personal estate of Parmenas Pritchett. </p><p> When Virginia seceded from the United States in April 1861, 43-year-old Parmenas did not join the Confederate army. He did, however, contribute to the Confederate cause by selling goods and services to various quartermaster officers, and to the St. Charles Hospital in Richmond:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjga3GVx1fKKvMrO5UOIfn7OncKsCnanl9wxgjyia__0MLYCs9aLMCpLZqOb4SEMisHfIvq6ij3Cy4N-lfu2YXxrDrqqjKTgJEEETfEd7JqBL-r3KqkwqfcDWlB-9OE48QjuvM0rKLCSy0p9YnTc4ZXJybIlnEfuhHkt17KjPpm2nHKtwZ-lc8NHexENxWG/s1280/Pritchett,%20P%20B.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="665" data-original-width="1280" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjga3GVx1fKKvMrO5UOIfn7OncKsCnanl9wxgjyia__0MLYCs9aLMCpLZqOb4SEMisHfIvq6ij3Cy4N-lfu2YXxrDrqqjKTgJEEETfEd7JqBL-r3KqkwqfcDWlB-9OE48QjuvM0rKLCSy0p9YnTc4ZXJybIlnEfuhHkt17KjPpm2nHKtwZ-lc8NHexENxWG/s320/Pritchett,%20P%20B.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqteCbycdoZ3rHz_6yIHWJxHj6818Jd9mOtOlKLtf8KOHZSWb6XENiRH_drsRPfwMD4BEZAgcvJmaKDrXbW4yI8bKGIoL_1K4pZnVxdrJEIGUXPK5-Iw9v6WctPIzmBzER6broY-dPr1IbPENlVAm3hcuHbCSw3xMjNS8PHeFwfEOCERKtLxsbFEgMKSHo/s1280/Pritchett,%20P%20B(2).jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1006" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqteCbycdoZ3rHz_6yIHWJxHj6818Jd9mOtOlKLtf8KOHZSWb6XENiRH_drsRPfwMD4BEZAgcvJmaKDrXbW4yI8bKGIoL_1K4pZnVxdrJEIGUXPK5-Iw9v6WctPIzmBzER6broY-dPr1IbPENlVAm3hcuHbCSw3xMjNS8PHeFwfEOCERKtLxsbFEgMKSHo/s320/Pritchett,%20P%20B(2).jpeg" width="252" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcjqxnlGOVHM6j_Mtr6kl7HWHGf9wH2jB1WuPm5yh0cBkti6jAXuTTfV1GLnBNyl5PTuHlXbWrlnSoI87PljMjpU6smLFgpvEOVZVyW-WoHSjpxkSIQRtFNjGTXVACZXJtQ419ZVKd3LBnLa9kUoNEcJm2zNh5-qa-GOtxFg40OMTXVjG9nFvzfWDocNxv/s1280/Pritchett,%20P%20B(3).jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="966" data-original-width="1280" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcjqxnlGOVHM6j_Mtr6kl7HWHGf9wH2jB1WuPm5yh0cBkti6jAXuTTfV1GLnBNyl5PTuHlXbWrlnSoI87PljMjpU6smLFgpvEOVZVyW-WoHSjpxkSIQRtFNjGTXVACZXJtQ419ZVKd3LBnLa9kUoNEcJm2zNh5-qa-GOtxFg40OMTXVjG9nFvzfWDocNxv/s320/Pritchett,%20P%20B(3).jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p>Note that the payment for the 1,500 pounds of hay was made at the "Temperance Cottage." This suggests that there was a building at Orchard Hill where Parmenas hosted temperance meetings. <br /></p><p> During January-March 1863, Parmenas leased his slave, Ben Hostler, to the Confederate government, presumably to work on the fortifications in Richmond:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimQJw5xFIP6z8qAU5uhGk0Os9cLOsn1S3GCI5GUv4SmVGe3UqlxUezPKp1uTG9n5kAbVpWZ3ASuw5WCjaQ2l-zkLvLqmi_Jp3ZnQs715gbaxqWjTDj_wvMmiJ_DMHz6zhyjI1ytyfjiQXcoIMtiZr2E8R7ANmJQwBf-ETadML8yKYua-QJ6wvvoAja2TnG/s1280/Pritchett,%20P%20B(5).jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="985" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimQJw5xFIP6z8qAU5uhGk0Os9cLOsn1S3GCI5GUv4SmVGe3UqlxUezPKp1uTG9n5kAbVpWZ3ASuw5WCjaQ2l-zkLvLqmi_Jp3ZnQs715gbaxqWjTDj_wvMmiJ_DMHz6zhyjI1ytyfjiQXcoIMtiZr2E8R7ANmJQwBf-ETadML8yKYua-QJ6wvvoAja2TnG/s320/Pritchett,%20P%20B(5).jpeg" width="246" /></a></div><p></p><p> In May 1864, the Civil War came literally to the front door step of the Pritchett home. During the titanic battles that occurred near Spotsylvania Courthouse, about 300 Confederate cavalry horses grazed on his land for three days. Ten acres of Parmenas's corn was trampled into the ground. The 1863 map detail below shows the location of the Pritchett farm (indicated as "Pritchard") in the lower center of the image:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhPVkQdlYwZd_Z2V8dL1gvTKSmqM1ZEBUQmp5Jr12JwtaJmVOjGE46qEZLrPKuxQqDYlHfrs6sSpay1J15QfcY1zixxa8Gvq7OY9idVUgfbwZJpGhjVxdRQ4gr7q6tooKXh5JRWNcTEEM9J1USanRsnjfhU0YzYRa08vdm7jT8sTOSe2V9zFL86ctbRFjX/s2188/1863%20map.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="968" data-original-width="2188" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhPVkQdlYwZd_Z2V8dL1gvTKSmqM1ZEBUQmp5Jr12JwtaJmVOjGE46qEZLrPKuxQqDYlHfrs6sSpay1J15QfcY1zixxa8Gvq7OY9idVUgfbwZJpGhjVxdRQ4gr7q6tooKXh5JRWNcTEEM9J1USanRsnjfhU0YzYRa08vdm7jT8sTOSe2V9zFL86ctbRFjX/s320/1863%20map.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p> Parmenas's property suffered other damages as well. Four hundred panels of fencing were taken down. An acre of timberland was cut down for "bivouacing road," and an additional seven acres of trees were cut down to build fortifications. Earthworks were constructed on Parmenas's land. After the fighting was over, Parmenas hauled 500 feet of planking to the Confederate hospital near the courthouse:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4Y6TQWGwlxyB_Gs7ZXuVtH-XBPEg3roFsD4g_-8J5g1ycOuDglYjxTIM1tha19IqX_ckaUw9PA5PMYPr3yonbnP6vamLgQ2uhAthrlE2yrcA_E8wNNTa2YYohH4ldU0dVlADD0MsuIy9HH8ZbcS4aCPL4hO8ZDlHTTCxcp4kFLSnfCqBIeEyzIX6xEPiA/s1280/Pritchett,%20P%20B(4).jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="816" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4Y6TQWGwlxyB_Gs7ZXuVtH-XBPEg3roFsD4g_-8J5g1ycOuDglYjxTIM1tha19IqX_ckaUw9PA5PMYPr3yonbnP6vamLgQ2uhAthrlE2yrcA_E8wNNTa2YYohH4ldU0dVlADD0MsuIy9HH8ZbcS4aCPL4hO8ZDlHTTCxcp4kFLSnfCqBIeEyzIX6xEPiA/s320/Pritchett,%20P%20B(4).jpeg" width="204" /></a></div><p></p><p> In addition to the economic losses he suffered during the war, Parmenas was further impoverished by the emancipation of his slaves.The value of his personal property, which stood at over $10,000 in 1860, had been reduced to just $400 by 1870.</p><p> After the war, former slave owners like Parmenas had to pay wages to the newly freed people who worked for them. The Freedmen's Bureau was created to oversee the dealings between white employers and their black workers. In an effort to protect the rights of these workers, those who hired them were obliged to enter into labor contracts with these largely illiterate ex-slaves. The official who headed the Freedmen's Bureau in the Fredericksburg area was Captain Hector Sears. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4sqkfSyfl-MXIRLqh65sV9Bm_gbG602LEXpAU6P7hvqe8pEhE0GVsy42hCXiUwOju0576_axYTPYNmse5v5HwusxZfD2KEbbEIqdvKHPOShqWZAF5yDICgW3aBNrXLInMXEGPvu7FKT_Vnc0HWhuyWaL-UjI1utSDM9l-ed-Yk699o4zJ0oF3kc_zk_sn/s1174/Capt.%20Hector%20Sears.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1174" data-original-width="942" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4sqkfSyfl-MXIRLqh65sV9Bm_gbG602LEXpAU6P7hvqe8pEhE0GVsy42hCXiUwOju0576_axYTPYNmse5v5HwusxZfD2KEbbEIqdvKHPOShqWZAF5yDICgW3aBNrXLInMXEGPvu7FKT_Vnc0HWhuyWaL-UjI1utSDM9l-ed-Yk699o4zJ0oF3kc_zk_sn/s320/Capt.%20Hector%20Sears.png" width="257" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Captain Hector Sears<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Sears was born in Ulster County, New York in 1843. He enlisted in the 131st New York Volunteers in September 1862. At the Battle of Port Hudson in May 1863, Sears received a severe wound to his left shoulder, requiring the removal of a section of bone from his arm. He was mustered out of the regular service and transferred to the Veteran Volunteer Corps, where he did administrative work until he returned home in 1869. While head of the Freedmen's Bureau for the Fredericksburg area (his office was in Alexandria), Sears received the letter shown below. The letter was written to Sears by ex-slave Edward Stevens, who mentions that another ex-slave named George Barber, who was in the employ of P.B. Pritchett, would pay a debt as soon as he received his pay from Parmenas.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIv4B53PYYAF-TsWVB6hWXt8D3OMFQsdEm_Blt1o0-Oi1EzwEC5Wpz3EC4ErBQmJAOupLWRLd0sCA8MaaaTknGGdddQJdNmYLzy4_bAT5-6utRBeV0qvyeiQW412kKhHwQ7ofugOzh9iE4JPWL7C2dBGiu56mVdXjBk-5sr7Q16L5pupcTxQ85Ug2laZNM/s1388/USFB%202.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1036" data-original-width="1388" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIv4B53PYYAF-TsWVB6hWXt8D3OMFQsdEm_Blt1o0-Oi1EzwEC5Wpz3EC4ErBQmJAOupLWRLd0sCA8MaaaTknGGdddQJdNmYLzy4_bAT5-6utRBeV0qvyeiQW412kKhHwQ7ofugOzh9iE4JPWL7C2dBGiu56mVdXjBk-5sr7Q16L5pupcTxQ85Ug2laZNM/s320/USFB%202.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p> Parmenas's aunt Henrietta would not live to see much of the success he enjoyed in the postwar years. She died at Orchard Hill on April 22, 1868 and is presumed to be buried in the family cemetery there. <br /></p><p> In the aftermath of the Civil War, Parmenas became active in politics. He became a member of the Conservative Party, which was formed by ex-Confederates to resist the policies of the Republican administration. In October 1867, Parmenas was one of the delegates selected to represent Spotsylvania in the party's state convention:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4FEB6wjmEtTuk8IW7qZ6cQIXvZLOT18SwOBOYiosNf39RFKgitMHKnGbPl57jRuR97PgkpvJjyPj_xeeeElED_wkoWn0X0ciJCH7FRyBHruN6kRJ7V3iaBFvzQEf7UPgSs9EcdHaxyC6e2DATIctlY_59hZ8BwUr7kKgrPa3bA3c2-qCBWHN4lRWcSTW9/s826/VH%2010%20Oct%201867.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="826" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4FEB6wjmEtTuk8IW7qZ6cQIXvZLOT18SwOBOYiosNf39RFKgitMHKnGbPl57jRuR97PgkpvJjyPj_xeeeElED_wkoWn0X0ciJCH7FRyBHruN6kRJ7V3iaBFvzQEf7UPgSs9EcdHaxyC6e2DATIctlY_59hZ8BwUr7kKgrPa3bA3c2-qCBWHN4lRWcSTW9/s320/VH%2010%20Oct%201867.png" width="232" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Virginia Herald, 10 October 1867<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In 1870, Parmenas was elected to a two-year term as a magistrate in Spotsylvania County:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_YEJPTyXwALaeKdyZisAmiSOpNnoNRDDXXM8cuYfXeGchGBpR-pMU_5q7ITBgaUz1vehzBBXQl92aiJ2WfWyWYoxWAtiH7X-MjLdnQ2keBF9CFkICRUMN373P68bZg8KvAoBXeoHugICrRmxcdCWAgbObadcJjS85c0r5_Idw0P1mDS7g-Hu45qbxhnwx/s952/VH%2023%20May%201870.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="952" data-original-width="698" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_YEJPTyXwALaeKdyZisAmiSOpNnoNRDDXXM8cuYfXeGchGBpR-pMU_5q7ITBgaUz1vehzBBXQl92aiJ2WfWyWYoxWAtiH7X-MjLdnQ2keBF9CFkICRUMN373P68bZg8KvAoBXeoHugICrRmxcdCWAgbObadcJjS85c0r5_Idw0P1mDS7g-Hu45qbxhnwx/s320/VH%2023%20May%201870.png" width="235" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Virginia Herald, 23 May 1870<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> <br /></p><p> For many years, Parmenas regularly won re-election as magistrate. One of his more interesting cases made the headlines in 1885:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjexNWcGcdL0Ot7COFbsz7hOzbBo-WiGVfhHoboIQer4BENhRb_MLq2zOn6lMvPLsz2uV42ZWMJTRKQcLa5YHdFQat4XN5FkOgk2CQrhRx24yjPySzlYAdaEXefYKJD0ur4DVMjEK1y3OcNJvOGkglIaxlXkuz-NRHNGUeTPmGJzL6JDzgTbSjUoWGvPjL_/s1102/AG%2029%20Aug%201885.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1102" data-original-width="672" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjexNWcGcdL0Ot7COFbsz7hOzbBo-WiGVfhHoboIQer4BENhRb_MLq2zOn6lMvPLsz2uV42ZWMJTRKQcLa5YHdFQat4XN5FkOgk2CQrhRx24yjPySzlYAdaEXefYKJD0ur4DVMjEK1y3OcNJvOGkglIaxlXkuz-NRHNGUeTPmGJzL6JDzgTbSjUoWGvPjL_/s320/AG%2029%20Aug%201885.png" width="195" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Alexandria Gazette, 29 August 1885<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> Goshen Baptist Church had its roots in the last Anglican church built in Spotsylvania County before the American Revolution, Built in 1772, this house of worship was named Burbridges Bridge Church. It stood on the south bank of the Ni River at the intersection of Catharpin and Piney Branch roads. On the 1820 map detail shown below, it can be seen in the middle of the image, noted as "Burbage's Church:"</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBe8dcZSiWUOTQalWwTA6N-YiTFdUBLNG87Woew2l8rj7OM6ia0L-cFuVs7o98nUR5sJ8MwBzZqOoE2MP8HBa7jBJkBC5RPnLusBNx6bxMVw4fgEXCjkCw8snzI2Lw4NXeTY48dutcmiRXttl-X--16-o9CmRvqyfYHcQ36avWb8hs8apUtDJ1kaqznTHy/s1514/Burbage%20church%201820%20map.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="810" data-original-width="1514" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBe8dcZSiWUOTQalWwTA6N-YiTFdUBLNG87Woew2l8rj7OM6ia0L-cFuVs7o98nUR5sJ8MwBzZqOoE2MP8HBa7jBJkBC5RPnLusBNx6bxMVw4fgEXCjkCw8snzI2Lw4NXeTY48dutcmiRXttl-X--16-o9CmRvqyfYHcQ36avWb8hs8apUtDJ1kaqznTHy/s320/Burbage%20church%201820%20map.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p> When America achieved its independence from England, the authority of the Anglican church was swept away. In time, the Baptists, who had been outlawed during the colonial era, began to hold services at Burbridges Church under the leadership of Reverend John "Swearing Jack" Waller (a nickname he earned before his religious conversion). In due course, the "Old Yellow Church," as Burbridges came to be called, was pastored by Reverend Henry Goodloe, grandfather of Parmenas, Jr. Parson Goodloe conducted services there until his death in 1820 at age 90. By 1847, membership at the Old Yellow Church began to dwindle and the sanctuary succumbed to decay. Its members left for newly built churches, like Wilderness and Piney Branch. The original members of what would become Goshen Baptist Church was composed of congregants of Piney Branch (which later became a church for black worshipers), who strongly believed that a commitment to the Temperance movement should be a requirement for membership. </p><p> Those former members of Piney Branch Church met at private homes and later would gather at the blacksmith shop of Parmenas Pritchett. Presiding at these meetings was Reverend Melzi Sanford Chancellor.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3-hSLRjMY5MrRimANA7rx9fXKRxVdtn3LIXD9a_CAYfwIz_u5-6cyVcefR02NAZnTY__pr0qrMZvrUBlc9-5mmHzeclHep0XG_fmXI7rqAUfuLboB6aUNDllXLqw9JkVHXCQ6vgQXNdBW34xZMtwoUXC1cI1vBTLrLFoxTzHfN0OljZ50DP_8wt9lXTDi/s913/IMG_1583.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="913" data-original-width="520" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3-hSLRjMY5MrRimANA7rx9fXKRxVdtn3LIXD9a_CAYfwIz_u5-6cyVcefR02NAZnTY__pr0qrMZvrUBlc9-5mmHzeclHep0XG_fmXI7rqAUfuLboB6aUNDllXLqw9JkVHXCQ6vgQXNdBW34xZMtwoUXC1cI1vBTLrLFoxTzHfN0OljZ50DP_8wt9lXTDi/s320/IMG_1583.jpg" width="182" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From "Footprints on the Sands of Time"</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Although it was not yet officially constituted as such, this informal church referred to itself as Goshen Baptist years before its first building was erected. One of the first mentions of Goshen in the local press appeared in the September 22, 1870 edition of the Virginia Herald:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCSI7RNGpTMkCHSlFYHFVWBbzx_Cn46vjOe8J6IGg02sXpwh7sZ9WrELHGTtK9nKL4uWZqHFh2b8H6yCwj_Jp6JjeAmdgjlHEEsjz9h6kCVkQv-rsCA_30kQq5pkBzUXb0ydQm1utp8Xgm3dZVB0UHg7gVnK63ttaDNp9lQ_bdLuTsdFP6NQ7vNSICtuBA/s818/VH%2022%20Sep%201870.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="818" data-original-width="814" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCSI7RNGpTMkCHSlFYHFVWBbzx_Cn46vjOe8J6IGg02sXpwh7sZ9WrELHGTtK9nKL4uWZqHFh2b8H6yCwj_Jp6JjeAmdgjlHEEsjz9h6kCVkQv-rsCA_30kQq5pkBzUXb0ydQm1utp8Xgm3dZVB0UHg7gVnK63ttaDNp9lQ_bdLuTsdFP6NQ7vNSICtuBA/s320/VH%2022%20Sep%201870.png" width="318" /></a></div><p></p><p> Parmenas Pritchett and Nathan Beale Talley, together with Reverend Chancellor, drew up a resolution that established Goshen: "At a monthly meeting of Goshen Church on April 27, 1872, Brother Chancellor was unanimously chosen as Pastor. The same day the church unanimously chose the name of Goshen by which it is to be called. Signed--A brief record. P.B. Pritchett." </p><p> In addition to the pivotal role they played in establishing Goshen Baptist Church, Parmenas and Nathan B. Talley also shared familial connections. Two of Parmenas's daughters married sons of Nathan B. Talley: Mollie became the wife of Nathan Beauregard Talley, and Lucy married Charles Newton Talley. <br /></p><p> On July 25, 1873, Parmenas and Anne Pritchett deeded three fourths of an acre located at the intersection of Brock and Gordon roads, to the trustees of the church--James Petigrew Chartters, William F. Scott and William Laurance Jones.</p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgG7vApBJVNNAWmM9E9grSivZCTOKtrVZ28D-Deze_7Uf7yoGGa98u7Pld-GgFMx9INt6AemSi3W_jN-HE6Q6RVhWA7hTSEM7wN4w5QBJ0lMleM6xhOsAwDoDuGnW9MRK32t3ibNrrYqJeTS0HaqG4OneHOoacPD4YvRwTyFy1MWns-gPHtBzcTFCfSS1S/s1280/Goshen1875.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="864" data-original-width="1280" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgG7vApBJVNNAWmM9E9grSivZCTOKtrVZ28D-Deze_7Uf7yoGGa98u7Pld-GgFMx9INt6AemSi3W_jN-HE6Q6RVhWA7hTSEM7wN4w5QBJ0lMleM6xhOsAwDoDuGnW9MRK32t3ibNrrYqJeTS0HaqG4OneHOoacPD4YvRwTyFy1MWns-gPHtBzcTFCfSS1S/s320/Goshen1875.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Goshen Baptist Church<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> The first sanctuary was likely built in 1874. The undated photograph above shows the original sanctuary, which stood until it was rebuilt in 1913. Shown below are the names of the earliest members of the church:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTGwAgDdZpdjhS9l23L6XaMUvzSYJfCuJk4dGiLyJMC8ZoKLc7WIxn55z_Nl2jyLi3OassBqdrRWk-eKLv9nvZlfuLdpAmRO5z81wZ2-l0JvuQInb1ZXE2yBB5aZc2E4WgoaSZqepAf8W4LBJrG3zSBkZVEierCRs_likLzCN1yfOOYrU2kAznWOJDJ4MY/s868/IMG_1579.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="868" data-original-width="640" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTGwAgDdZpdjhS9l23L6XaMUvzSYJfCuJk4dGiLyJMC8ZoKLc7WIxn55z_Nl2jyLi3OassBqdrRWk-eKLv9nvZlfuLdpAmRO5z81wZ2-l0JvuQInb1ZXE2yBB5aZc2E4WgoaSZqepAf8W4LBJrG3zSBkZVEierCRs_likLzCN1yfOOYrU2kAznWOJDJ4MY/s320/IMG_1579.jpg" width="236" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From "Footprints on the Sands of Time"</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: left;"> Among the most eminent members of the church, of course, were the Pritchett family themselves, who posed for this portrait, taken perhaps in the early 1880s. Shown with Parmenas and Anne are their daughters Mollie (at far left) and Annie, and sons Robert, Lee and Booth:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCjgSGSMdLEqjkou1iS15j_ySO5aYyzqRq9MD5Q56jSYO9WHMVstkIsLGJm1B_zNR2k2A0F9HOepeRcvZpTveAJNrpL3-_UwBsu5usSsjewcmiRkARps4BFf1wUPbCRNdPiuq0xrqJyf6QZlQX6an3G6b_QM_srWZ0S_uDT8FhGjB08gBBzBw2qzR4gDiF/s1280/Parmenus%20Pritchett%20%20family.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1025" data-original-width="1280" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCjgSGSMdLEqjkou1iS15j_ySO5aYyzqRq9MD5Q56jSYO9WHMVstkIsLGJm1B_zNR2k2A0F9HOepeRcvZpTveAJNrpL3-_UwBsu5usSsjewcmiRkARps4BFf1wUPbCRNdPiuq0xrqJyf6QZlQX6an3G6b_QM_srWZ0S_uDT8FhGjB08gBBzBw2qzR4gDiF/s320/Parmenus%20Pritchett%20%20family.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Courtesy of Vickie Neely)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Parmenas suffered from ill health during his last months, and died at home on August 26, 1894. He lies in an unmarked grave at the family burying ground at Orchard Hill.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUA4UkbULK-5WhUifvMZ-4J4yzVfTsk3WgoOO21wGyD8Rh3iKaOd1d2uNVRDK6SR1rCLe8lVYEnAkt9DSHyn8SM9t7jt3nYnwuU41OkNOmNtzmJ-bQ1zVstzvbO4bbdgM-jelTSECfKvk74PrHq60XsS95Qz-6j08Ct8tiEJrwaWShdrp-5zWhhRHZSEOe/s1304/FL%2028%20Aug%201894.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="426" data-original-width="1304" height="105" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUA4UkbULK-5WhUifvMZ-4J4yzVfTsk3WgoOO21wGyD8Rh3iKaOd1d2uNVRDK6SR1rCLe8lVYEnAkt9DSHyn8SM9t7jt3nYnwuU41OkNOmNtzmJ-bQ1zVstzvbO4bbdgM-jelTSECfKvk74PrHq60XsS95Qz-6j08Ct8tiEJrwaWShdrp-5zWhhRHZSEOe/s320/FL%2028%20Aug%201894.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Free Lance, 28 August 1894<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLR17-DrItFxz-yWL7hIs78w4nAC7ouKsBLLia_01iijwfcHKFsMf_QixFGxg_hNW7Vqd266HB7lEGTpHBETyhVryzurB-JZSowjZNzu1qt9VgxhhcHqvVGdtmC-zjkm2wK9J7BeZxJIqLRa9K8ZEe-Eo059qU_C6k9Wc0q0iZDP17l-JnQ-HE6mnPm71U/s1280/IMG_4750.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="857" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLR17-DrItFxz-yWL7hIs78w4nAC7ouKsBLLia_01iijwfcHKFsMf_QixFGxg_hNW7Vqd266HB7lEGTpHBETyhVryzurB-JZSowjZNzu1qt9VgxhhcHqvVGdtmC-zjkm2wK9J7BeZxJIqLRa9K8ZEe-Eo059qU_C6k9Wc0q0iZDP17l-JnQ-HE6mnPm71U/s320/IMG_4750.jpeg" width="214" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Memorial and list of burials at Orchard Hill (Vickie Neely)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2nOgWhBu2ZzKmjS8mJRdndLtB0UvGoWDErnTk9nsWIat1haIBPeu5aOpg6ixqx2mWa8XrhT3Xb3K7XFE5YFHd5hR04MRmeZpwri7650_q09v9NORsFv6Z9q7TE1i6lqcEYNzaIgi0zIG1JE1jVGOzfv-Wm02wt0kozHnRw5wWqXENUF1X-Rc1JhDCZ0jb/s1280/IMG_4752.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="967" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2nOgWhBu2ZzKmjS8mJRdndLtB0UvGoWDErnTk9nsWIat1haIBPeu5aOpg6ixqx2mWa8XrhT3Xb3K7XFE5YFHd5hR04MRmeZpwri7650_q09v9NORsFv6Z9q7TE1i6lqcEYNzaIgi0zIG1JE1jVGOzfv-Wm02wt0kozHnRw5wWqXENUF1X-Rc1JhDCZ0jb/s320/IMG_4752.jpeg" width="242" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Pritchett graveyard at Orchard Hill (Vickie Neely)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> After Parmenas's death, his widow Anne continued to live at Orchard Hill with her youngest son Larkin and daughters Alice and Maude. In 1902, Larkin built a new home for the family near the original house at Orchard Hill. That house still stands, although it has seen many changes in the last 120 years. When the Pritchett house was bought by the Stafford family in 1961, it still looked very much as it had when Larkin built it.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXlF22-eubNZ46DHzzoe5N5bfWTOPhTZjAtQ3NtOUdoMe-AdX_NxLFpo7zbCr0JVA5TE4VLmZ90Ymt3eRttEMB3IISpRAA0HP_zec9XlXdyrQJ0PVWUutJuMDAC41VX7QZU1OB5LgldGfsA7DCX7vq4IXeKqwarOFznuxvemyvIAbycRBb07CLsXYdUR_U/s1280/Dianne.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="890" data-original-width="1280" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXlF22-eubNZ46DHzzoe5N5bfWTOPhTZjAtQ3NtOUdoMe-AdX_NxLFpo7zbCr0JVA5TE4VLmZ90Ymt3eRttEMB3IISpRAA0HP_zec9XlXdyrQJ0PVWUutJuMDAC41VX7QZU1OB5LgldGfsA7DCX7vq4IXeKqwarOFznuxvemyvIAbycRBb07CLsXYdUR_U/s320/Dianne.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dianne Stafford at Orchard Hill, 1961 (Dianne Stafford)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0SQAzyZqYC6wTgHuBMDziln2Enm3o3uJ-pPA4dhyvywuM-qUiZNLtkXngN0oTPainQ6cATEu9H43WkXKa-Ye3sKcZgUwAvyUU91dIFhz49tBDkm_wrVlQ5JHQ2vjnF_vmVc2AP_RbLJRkQc4t-XBuUqpZYN9UCms8RQV8yxvo2CIoP44W0R_77FoG3X_z/s1280/Keith.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="868" data-original-width="1280" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0SQAzyZqYC6wTgHuBMDziln2Enm3o3uJ-pPA4dhyvywuM-qUiZNLtkXngN0oTPainQ6cATEu9H43WkXKa-Ye3sKcZgUwAvyUU91dIFhz49tBDkm_wrVlQ5JHQ2vjnF_vmVc2AP_RbLJRkQc4t-XBuUqpZYN9UCms8RQV8yxvo2CIoP44W0R_77FoG3X_z/s320/Keith.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Keith Stafford at Orchard Hill, 1961 (Dianne Stafford)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Larkin Pritchett married Cora Kent in Washington, DC on January 22, 1907. They lived at Orchard Hill with her mother and Larkin's sister Alice. Anne Downer Pritchett died at home on April 10, 1908. She is buried in the family cemetery at Orchard Hill.</p><p> Larkin and Cora raised three children together, and lived at Orchard Hill for the rest of their lives. Larkin lived until 1954, and Cora died in 1968. They are buried at Goshen Baptist Church. </p><p> Shown below are two photographs of Orchard Hill from my family's collection. This one, taken about 1913, shows Larkin and Cora, at right, with their two oldest children Lee and Elizabeth. Larkin's sister Alice stands at center, and Cora's sister Fannie Kent is at far left:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9qwbZFPQrpQOBTbSp7EyPAhIXe9jtliadpdXFlkQcobcXzvdzm4hGA_v2sxW3Dgdx_aGAUHzTTK17m1hT0JEOmEgTgx_BVSHLAEEfUJ0As6o0KxSm3NLDQRNcrOEjHP2xU_7IEzXkcTIzr_U_pf-M65cu1RsXcUj8CSfh91ejpq64t7G2EWj4Iu3fXCXb/s800/Fannie_edited-1.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="599" data-original-width="800" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9qwbZFPQrpQOBTbSp7EyPAhIXe9jtliadpdXFlkQcobcXzvdzm4hGA_v2sxW3Dgdx_aGAUHzTTK17m1hT0JEOmEgTgx_BVSHLAEEfUJ0As6o0KxSm3NLDQRNcrOEjHP2xU_7IEzXkcTIzr_U_pf-M65cu1RsXcUj8CSfh91ejpq64t7G2EWj4Iu3fXCXb/s320/Fannie_edited-1.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> This undated photograph shows Cora Pritchett and her sister Lottie Kent at Orchard Hill:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh29cx8UHfCRCmfywNosEW99__67OEPjmmCKP-nrxpai5MNjDUl8Bo9mZziQTsGVVnqO2y3o-KkrxybIM6BIwpxZp5YusFLMcxBf1EojjpT-gY-3DS_0QqQh2hA4l4bF67DleUAs_ak7dVfOoh1pUrltvuD7Dj_m2FUSDNNRQEgyHFBYKlxeys2J2t4CiBO/s1280/Cora&LottieatPritchetts.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="602" data-original-width="1280" height="151" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh29cx8UHfCRCmfywNosEW99__67OEPjmmCKP-nrxpai5MNjDUl8Bo9mZziQTsGVVnqO2y3o-KkrxybIM6BIwpxZp5YusFLMcxBf1EojjpT-gY-3DS_0QqQh2hA4l4bF67DleUAs_ak7dVfOoh1pUrltvuD7Dj_m2FUSDNNRQEgyHFBYKlxeys2J2t4CiBO/s320/Cora&LottieatPritchetts.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;">My thanks to Vickie Neely and Dianne Stafford for their assistance in preparing this article.</p><p style="text-align: left;">My source for the history of Goshen Church is an unpublished monograph "Footprints on the Sands of time written, it is supposed, by church member Evelyn Monroe.<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXVuMi6MJCHFMhMApFy_HP3VsMqMA1z52vT8VaxzBzumufPOBSXStmIEKeZq5xoN-69ZAVUaT-ZN7fw2IIO0Wf1hTMRm-5tJKTxdbVhqI0KZqUBk5-AbM7PoFRZ4rLMqb4PqrL7Yz5B68aY5iCDbiLphF5hB3Kl6Fm4OfUn0Ae3RHkmDICSgnyhVnT56LI/s857/IMG_1572.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="857" data-original-width="640" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXVuMi6MJCHFMhMApFy_HP3VsMqMA1z52vT8VaxzBzumufPOBSXStmIEKeZq5xoN-69ZAVUaT-ZN7fw2IIO0Wf1hTMRm-5tJKTxdbVhqI0KZqUBk5-AbM7PoFRZ4rLMqb4PqrL7Yz5B68aY5iCDbiLphF5hB3Kl6Fm4OfUn0Ae3RHkmDICSgnyhVnT56LI/s320/IMG_1572.jpeg" width="239" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-27807165385957187302023-01-15T13:26:00.012-05:002024-03-25T06:50:21.544-04:00"I immediately took command"<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXCUA-wq0-89FGANRgA1pKmhW_LARZXatCYQTgpCaGEIjq_rMH5DA73U1sqYOZIShy3WJjpv9Sj-l5qHS-K_yUoA1LfULaMbmo9GNkbFmq9_l8e0yDbkrB3OilA9HYpOLnZETbbLFPHViHw5FceD_r8mXy1_MeqU2uCRMRtufVM0dq_7w6ieVv6ZxfIQ/s2175/findagrave.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2175" data-original-width="1361" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXCUA-wq0-89FGANRgA1pKmhW_LARZXatCYQTgpCaGEIjq_rMH5DA73U1sqYOZIShy3WJjpv9Sj-l5qHS-K_yUoA1LfULaMbmo9GNkbFmq9_l8e0yDbkrB3OilA9HYpOLnZETbbLFPHViHw5FceD_r8mXy1_MeqU2uCRMRtufVM0dq_7w6ieVv6ZxfIQ/s320/findagrave.jpeg" width="200" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Carl Hermann Doerflinger (Findagrave)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> Karl Hermann Doerflinger (whose name was spelled "Carl" after he came to America) was born in Ettenheim in the state of Baden in the German Federation on February 17, 1843. His parents were Karl Doerflinger and Theresa Gissalbrecht. The senior Karl had attended university, where he was an athlete. Karl the elder participated in the Revolution of 1848, in which democratic factions in German society sought to unify the states of the federation and provide for a constitution. Like many others, Karl was arrested and imprisoned for his role in the uprising. While he languished in prison, his wife Theresa baked "the means of his escape" in loaves of bread which she brought to him. At night, Karl got out of his cell and reached the outer wall of the prison, which he was able to scale because of his athletic ability. The Doerflinger family then crossed the Rhine River and made their way to the United States, arriving in 1848. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Like many other German immigrants of that era, the Doerflingers came to Wisconsin, and settled in Milwaukee. Young Carl (as he shall be called in this narrative. He often preferred to call himself the more anglicized "Charles") was a good student during the few years he attended school. From 1857 to 1860 he worked as an architect's apprentice. In 1860 he traveled to Colorado, where he worked for a time in the gold fields. He then returned to Wisconsin and worked on a farm until the outbreak of the Civil War. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Carl enlisted as a sergeant in Company B of the 26th Wisconsin Infantry on August 15, 1862 (his father served in the 2nd Wisconsin Cavalry). Like many of the volunteer regiments in the Milwaukee area, the 26th was largely comprised of German immigrants. After two months of training, the 26th left Milwaukee for the eastern theater of the war. The men were crammed into freight cars and endured an uncomfortable three-day journey to Baltimore and then to Washington, D.C. They received additional training near Arlington Heights before they were transported to their camp in Stafford County. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> The 26th was held in reserve during the Battle of Fredericksburg. The soldiers then had the decidedly unpleasant experience of the ill-fated "Mud March" in January 1863, after which they settled into their winter encampment near Stafford Courthouse. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Twenty-year-old Carl Doerflinger was promoted to 1st lieutenant on March 23, 1863 and transferred to Company K. The men remained in camp until April 27, 1863, when they were assembled and marched west. They crossed the Rapidan River at Germanna Ford by means of a pontoon bridge on April 29. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> The 26th Wisconsin was part of the 2nd Brigade of the division commanded by General Carl Schurz (another German immigrant who had participated in the Revolution of 1848). These soldiers dug rifle pits along the Orange Turnpike near Wilderness Baptist Church. Their emplacements faced south, from which direction a Confederate attack was expected. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_9Q6NCTHbr-OuG1MskPWrajw9Jh0PzmrjNAIgxJ31PvZE6AB-ZFNc9xf05NwLBjNKmfvx48lxaLHi5fhNXZGMBbdKMP5hVVV6kqT9fC5ac6X98zaLQMGqaRCDSZaHLHwzt_YHBnAUJKG9yt9bTRzTf2FDEWZL3aWXa8Ddo3nwsO_8X-y-BF1ivUtb1A/s985/Hawkins%20map.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="548" data-original-width="985" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_9Q6NCTHbr-OuG1MskPWrajw9Jh0PzmrjNAIgxJ31PvZE6AB-ZFNc9xf05NwLBjNKmfvx48lxaLHi5fhNXZGMBbdKMP5hVVV6kqT9fC5ac6X98zaLQMGqaRCDSZaHLHwzt_YHBnAUJKG9yt9bTRzTf2FDEWZL3aWXa8Ddo3nwsO_8X-y-BF1ivUtb1A/s320/Hawkins%20map.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wilderness Baptist Church area, 1863<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In the map detail above, the Orange Turnpike runs from the upper right of the image and extends southwest past Wilderness Baptist Church and the farm of James Hawkins. Dowdall Tavern, the home of Reverend Melzi Sanford Chancellor, can be seen just southeast of Wilderness Church. </p><p><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9XX4t7hvNn5gZ_5hjKXfXjtgos0T3I5h0GtgIv0tpd3fQSnxXDSZnof_QFjadgX_T2XQPhV09gFkSIw3ETLlz7AquBUKmmc3sSDLyBrRGZKR53lEWnMlHdwZ8_KidJAYuGMuHCLApwgPSD1Yskn3UXUQy2K_9D3BKA9dUA7rMlh066Mp4ByrS2w8mGA/s1872/alex%20hawkins.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1566" data-original-width="1872" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9XX4t7hvNn5gZ_5hjKXfXjtgos0T3I5h0GtgIv0tpd3fQSnxXDSZnof_QFjadgX_T2XQPhV09gFkSIw3ETLlz7AquBUKmmc3sSDLyBrRGZKR53lEWnMlHdwZ8_KidJAYuGMuHCLApwgPSD1Yskn3UXUQy2K_9D3BKA9dUA7rMlh066Mp4ByrS2w8mGA/s320/alex%20hawkins.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Hawkins house, 1912 (Noel Harrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdy2_yAHydmozUICDAkLOlG0TzrBdCFLoMUTKPKnY7obRZLv-i98PGmR8-t4v2JJfRKCoziAxXKY6OkcJjk_vIJ67-ZHYN-8P83OylZY8wtReVUv2Atbqm1orMKSFcQw9EsMOUJhc_yTOj3OQJ7NJ3jPvY1TmRjwDXf-C6bT4Dt3NpXLYWoveAQ8a9mg/s1638/girls.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1638" data-original-width="1602" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdy2_yAHydmozUICDAkLOlG0TzrBdCFLoMUTKPKnY7obRZLv-i98PGmR8-t4v2JJfRKCoziAxXKY6OkcJjk_vIJ67-ZHYN-8P83OylZY8wtReVUv2Atbqm1orMKSFcQw9EsMOUJhc_yTOj3OQJ7NJ3jPvY1TmRjwDXf-C6bT4Dt3NpXLYWoveAQ8a9mg/s320/girls.png" width="313" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Six of the eight Hawkins sisters at home, April 1866<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Unlike his commanding officer, General Oliver Otis Howard, General Schurz gave credence to intelligence that indicated that a large body of Confederates was working its way around the unprotected flank of the Union XI Corps. Schurz, who had made the Hawkins house his headquarters, asked Howard for permission to face one of his brigades to the west to meet this perceived threat. Howard reluctantly gave his assent. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlV7PRv_2CsIWcyZaQZGsPrxrJMtm81c2KS0iA1cqNcTKkTzPe919308JqMCwF6kPlDpUtWoqQQppCjep__qUtycV3893KHfq8PUMm_IZXnE0sFjuyjZBluxpE4Ubcv7rpz_3KE5jyke_gVPmcKoqBM2T9k1K21kGBcBKBYVNcciX4Vy87sPT1u06C5Q/s2394/map.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1568" data-original-width="2394" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlV7PRv_2CsIWcyZaQZGsPrxrJMtm81c2KS0iA1cqNcTKkTzPe919308JqMCwF6kPlDpUtWoqQQppCjep__qUtycV3893KHfq8PUMm_IZXnE0sFjuyjZBluxpE4Ubcv7rpz_3KE5jyke_gVPmcKoqBM2T9k1K21kGBcBKBYVNcciX4Vy87sPT1u06C5Q/s320/map.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1qm7R7E-Cv9-OP54Qsxc6nV976wlSrv6NluOtnbQ-gBn0YemTCrKjo1Md7Gqf9wRWLk585VZCbwbRILvUf0DQkWlTMwTpBH1zjvWpK4MQhgC0V1W8dNnD98ewyCmkHZN2c--0XaRDlj4kdenUEUtaUYuvTKoyoXtix-uLmGyvdFe8dT66USwGmKRuvQ/s1890/remarks.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="1890" height="119" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1qm7R7E-Cv9-OP54Qsxc6nV976wlSrv6NluOtnbQ-gBn0YemTCrKjo1Md7Gqf9wRWLk585VZCbwbRILvUf0DQkWlTMwTpBH1zjvWpK4MQhgC0V1W8dNnD98ewyCmkHZN2c--0XaRDlj4kdenUEUtaUYuvTKoyoXtix-uLmGyvdFe8dT66USwGmKRuvQ/s320/remarks.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p> In 1911, Carl Doerflinger drew this map to accompany his recollection of the Battle of Chancellorsville. Much of the following description of the events of the battle are derived from Carl's memoir.</p><p> The five regiments of the 2nd Brigade were shifted so that they now faced west. The 26th Wisconsin, the 58th New York and the 82nd Illinois formed a line 75 yards east of the tree line near the Hawkins house. The 82nd Ohio and the 157th New York were held in reserve. In all, this force likely numbered 2,000-3,000 soldiers. Ten men were selected from each of the ten companies of the 26th Wisconsin to serve as sharpshooters, with Lieutenant Doerflinger acting as second in command. These men advanced a little ways into the timber. They would not have to wait long. </p><p> A little past five in the afternoon of May 2, 1863, musketry and cannon fire could be heard southwest of Carl's position, as the 13,000 soldiers of the right wing of General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson's flanking force crashed into the startled Union soldiers along the Orange Turnpike. Very soon thereafter, Carl and his comrades could see figures in gray darting among the trees in their front. These figures very quickly coalesced into a dense mass of Confederate soldiers which made rapid progress toward Carl's skirmish line. These were the leading edge of the remaining 17,000 Confederates of Jackson's 2nd Corps. </p><p> Carl and the other sharpshooters began firing at the gray mass in front of them. They then scampered the 75 yards back to where their main line had formed. The commander of this little band was shot dead during this footrace. During their dash back to the Union line, a bullet clipped the strap of Carl's haversack, which he instinctively grabbed before it hit the ground. A second bullet dented the scabbard for his sword. </p><p> Once Carl reached his regiment, he learned that his company commander had been wounded (mortally, as it turned out) making him the ranking officer of Company K. "I immediately took command." Drawing his sword, he rallied the troops of his company. The bravery of the 26th and the other regiments of the 2nd brigade slowed the progress of the Confederates by as much as 20 minutes or so, giving the other divisions to the east time to reform and make a credible defense. After the battle, Colonel William H. Jacobs, commander of the 26th, wrote a dispatch to the <i>Milwaukee Herald</i> in which he noted Carl's valor: "The palm of the day belongs to the young hero, Doerflinger."</p><p> And then the moment came which changed Carl's life forever. A minie ball struck his left leg about four inches above the inner ankle bone, broke his tibia and traveled downward, fracturing the astragalus bone and heel before exiting through the sole of his foot. Carl fell to the ground. Before losing consciousness, he was dimly aware of the Confederate soldiers rushing past him (among them was young Alexander Hawkins, who had recently mustered out of the 47th Virginia Infantry. He joined his former comrades as they raced by his house). Carl awoke sometime during the night. He had been left for dead and remained on the field for seventeen hours before he was picked up and taken to the field hospital that had been set up at the Hawkins house. Two surgeons and their orderlies were treating hundreds of surgical cases. </p><p> These wounded men, now captives of the Confederate army, remained where they were for eleven days, when they were paroled and transported in wagons to the United States Ford (a short, but agonizing trip for men with broken bones and internal injuries). From there, Carl was taken to the Stanton Hospital in Washington, D.C.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFm87PxSfK-MJqlu2ZG4wHIYm4ap2j_gBohkhZvkNlbFsrRy87j-lqQzzjz8lY3y0QP7JPiAH-IFX2e3Q0ApfPiX426k1BhK1D0IJ60bNfP71LW5Kmgh2ob78FStonKaRu0BMrqZyWE6Uo0feR_cD0QyjSj8QBXWX6e7_LGjIQa3rM5rgDaAHmk6N1gg/s4127/Douglas_and_Stanton_Hospitals.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2652" data-original-width="4127" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFm87PxSfK-MJqlu2ZG4wHIYm4ap2j_gBohkhZvkNlbFsrRy87j-lqQzzjz8lY3y0QP7JPiAH-IFX2e3Q0ApfPiX426k1BhK1D0IJ60bNfP71LW5Kmgh2ob78FStonKaRu0BMrqZyWE6Uo0feR_cD0QyjSj8QBXWX6e7_LGjIQa3rM5rgDaAHmk6N1gg/s320/Douglas_and_Stanton_Hospitals.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Douglas and Stanton Hospitals<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> The Douglas Hospital began its life as "Douglas Row," one of three large brick homes at I and 2nd Streets built in the 1850s through an investment by Senator Stephen A. Douglas, who lived in one of them. They were converted to hospital use during the war. The Stanton Hospital, named for the Secretary of War, was built in the vacant square in front of the Douglas Hospital.</p><p> For weeks, the only treatment Carl received were changes of his dressings and "a nutritious diet." Unlike most soldiers of that era, Carl asked the doctors to amputate his leg. For whatever reason, they decided not to do so, and by June 20 a massive infection had set in, extending up to his groin and involving his lymph glands. His treatment was slightly modified and some improvement was seen during the next few days. But by June 26 the swelling had increased again. This time action had to be taken quickly. </p><p> On June 27, 1863, Assistant Surgeon George A. Mursick, U.S. Volunteers, amputated Carl's left leg a few inches above the knee. Because of the amount of swelling present, the amputation proved to be quite difficult. An insufficient amount of muscle tissue was used to cover the end of the femur, and for five consecutive days five additional surgeries were attempted to adequately cover the end of the femur. All of them failed. The bone protruded two and a half inches beyond the muscle. For the next 45 years, Carl lived in constant, debilitating pain. </p><p> Carl was not well enough to be transported back to Milwaukee until January 1864. The following month, he was mustered out of the army. A new phase of his life was about to begin. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRIHx8uhGaFgasG-REfk6Ses5r6cPC3AUuvnRAIIH8NbEgXjC_uj_5soRrIS0lD3pqARzqhgOm8QYl1ZsTHXfuF1IsuUoSqCGNBRUDyYJjpl21RYVef8nH8PJVOa4K4rjPYbgjnM-fYx8tREu2d67kKneroKtimc3FFHU_l8CfV2rNaWFT3I2Mm3r1JQ/s1208/german-english%20academy.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="988" data-original-width="1208" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRIHx8uhGaFgasG-REfk6Ses5r6cPC3AUuvnRAIIH8NbEgXjC_uj_5soRrIS0lD3pqARzqhgOm8QYl1ZsTHXfuF1IsuUoSqCGNBRUDyYJjpl21RYVef8nH8PJVOa4K4rjPYbgjnM-fYx8tREu2d67kKneroKtimc3FFHU_l8CfV2rNaWFT3I2Mm3r1JQ/s320/german-english%20academy.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The German-English Academy, Milwaukee<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> The traumatic experience of his amputation caused Carl to give up his pre-war ambition to become an architect. Instead, he decided to become an educator, and began teaching children at the German-English Academy in Milwaukee. This he did for several years. After a trip to Europe in 1869, Carl began to write and publish a number of books, pamphlets and tracts on the subject of education. He was an advocate for the concept of kindergarten for children and he helped start the first kindergartens in Milwaukee. He also wrote books about his progressive ideas on restructuring the American educational model.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMNodiM8d52JA7RqQ5LWOJOhqYX4bOY7KVYmHYN3_m3eSoviDsGz_jvMtHC5ZYGpt9DyCSnMWd_Fysw_Op0cHXj3aXL_IecveKq_1ani-UOIUknrrpNeJRD81SXIYt5FrXtp3FVINDAecY8s1WoR6QtFYl4ETyznG2Zp2lwshpuvR8J0v7qQcl17hVAA/s1378/symopsis.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1378" data-original-width="1082" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMNodiM8d52JA7RqQ5LWOJOhqYX4bOY7KVYmHYN3_m3eSoviDsGz_jvMtHC5ZYGpt9DyCSnMWd_Fysw_Op0cHXj3aXL_IecveKq_1ani-UOIUknrrpNeJRD81SXIYt5FrXtp3FVINDAecY8s1WoR6QtFYl4ETyznG2Zp2lwshpuvR8J0v7qQcl17hVAA/s320/symopsis.png" width="251" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> In 1872, as secretary of the Wisconsin Natural History Society, he began to urge the establishment of a public museum in Milwaukee. His vision became a reality in 1884 when the new building housing the Milwaukee Public Museum and Public Library opened its doors. For the next two years Carl served as the museum's first custodian.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> In 1889, Carl Doerflinger traveled to France and Switzerland where he collected more than 1,000 prehistoric relics which he brought back to the Milwaukee Public Museum. Several years later, he traveled extensively throughout Mexico, studying the cultivation of coffee, cocoa, rubber and other products. The one-legged Carl, by now in his fifties, traveled by mule through the Sierra Madre Mountains. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyMNq-8ZFJ-oCgLufWceNF9WIFnm574-Zbqr9sz5Z2bIyoLQJrqrP0_PHX422YP1xLs96Crbt6d6S0uKC9qH3Orsox7EjP_eiUB_8UBBJlHGha4SnIulNPQC94tk9nBH_IhPSScwlyDAQxsDpCY-fPMYNTOly5NRgXTxsjZx2k-xK4-h30GkdmF9qsUg/s727/Menasha%20Saturday%20Evening%20Press%2012%20Sep%201896.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="727" data-original-width="546" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyMNq-8ZFJ-oCgLufWceNF9WIFnm574-Zbqr9sz5Z2bIyoLQJrqrP0_PHX422YP1xLs96Crbt6d6S0uKC9qH3Orsox7EjP_eiUB_8UBBJlHGha4SnIulNPQC94tk9nBH_IhPSScwlyDAQxsDpCY-fPMYNTOly5NRgXTxsjZx2k-xK4-h30GkdmF9qsUg/s320/Menasha%20Saturday%20Evening%20Press%2012%20Sep%201896.jpeg" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Menasha Saturday Evening Press</i> 12 September 1896<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgKJD9R7WGkZZ2rPJRZp6C2soXnenUoB5Je8IZPIyv0HpoJYmYf2ypOQOoJHlIRV3u07rQqMNc_JaZ4eAH1M4fdguXsIvtJYJBhQNdR3fcnM3MTHdGBbVofmIps_R9_GLNTSZEHMMM4NQh2g6PLyAgcTJkuGg5tae-k-b8wp_DdHONluPk3CBSKRnCiQ/s1342/business%20card.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="822" data-original-width="1342" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgKJD9R7WGkZZ2rPJRZp6C2soXnenUoB5Je8IZPIyv0HpoJYmYf2ypOQOoJHlIRV3u07rQqMNc_JaZ4eAH1M4fdguXsIvtJYJBhQNdR3fcnM3MTHdGBbVofmIps_R9_GLNTSZEHMMM4NQh2g6PLyAgcTJkuGg5tae-k-b8wp_DdHONluPk3CBSKRnCiQ/s320/business%20card.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Milwaukee Public Library Digital Collections<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> In 1895, Carl bought a controlling interest in the artificial limb company founded by Richard Baty in 1872. In addition to Milwaukee, the Doerflinger Artificial Limb Company opened locations in Pittsburgh and Chicago, and was still in operation well into the twentieth century. </p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRVkByC5dNmsGmL6y_eyftFb4WEX7chRWO1dk0w_TPA5HjlYPCMbrp_wdCVa0NCaNaCDo6Q-CHuljkmnZE5hAvEuN628vVRiwJry8qvR3oGZ5PNMQ5wpVrfHhuyXtl6osQlAfYuJ8XMys-EwuBp8P_BBYIhl8yb-n6cUY3g33LZF576m9SHpmWxL4tvg/s1548/patent%201.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1548" data-original-width="1226" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRVkByC5dNmsGmL6y_eyftFb4WEX7chRWO1dk0w_TPA5HjlYPCMbrp_wdCVa0NCaNaCDo6Q-CHuljkmnZE5hAvEuN628vVRiwJry8qvR3oGZ5PNMQ5wpVrfHhuyXtl6osQlAfYuJ8XMys-EwuBp8P_BBYIhl8yb-n6cUY3g33LZF576m9SHpmWxL4tvg/s320/patent%201.png" width="253" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKw37lJWtnQzhXKefgFhPI9U3fW8ecCRVBmB-2CrjiuIqSPn71HS-ko0tixOE_4wlEp5eJChMlUULdfWldgnMeiIsIY0-TgUkrpz65IAVQYroJyFOtamIHUYH2YMByeIW87iz5o1nFmKxzvSDYJyW8YMDdg4dPi4PNDp9ExD9Z9Y6zYOhZz_9v_J_Tzg/s1558/patent%202.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1558" data-original-width="1210" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKw37lJWtnQzhXKefgFhPI9U3fW8ecCRVBmB-2CrjiuIqSPn71HS-ko0tixOE_4wlEp5eJChMlUULdfWldgnMeiIsIY0-TgUkrpz65IAVQYroJyFOtamIHUYH2YMByeIW87iz5o1nFmKxzvSDYJyW8YMDdg4dPi4PNDp9ExD9Z9Y6zYOhZz_9v_J_Tzg/s320/patent%202.png" width="249" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> In 1899, Carl and other officers of his company were granted a United States patent for the creation of an artificial ankle joint. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Carl achieved all this, and much more, while suffering in quiet agony, night and day, for 45 years. He consulted prominent physicians both in America and in Europe. Some of these doctors recommended re-amputation, others did not. Some minor procedures were performed on his thigh over the years. But neither these operations, nor the narcotics that he had come to rely on, could alleviate his suffering. There were many occasions when he would have to absent himself from his work for extended periods when the unremitting pain would not allow him to carry on. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> On October 5, 1873, Carl married Auguste Barkhausen. Auguste would for many years be affiliated with the German-English Academy. She and Carl had four children together. Their son Arno became manager and secretary of the artificial limb company.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> In the 1880s, Carl and Auguste were visiting Washington, D.C. and decided to take a trip to visit the Chancellorsville battlefield. They took the train to Fredericksburg, where they rented a carriage and double team that Carl thought may have been old enough "to have served George and Martha Washington." Their driver was a convivial black man who, as a 12-year-old boy, "had been one of a posse or army of young children detailed after that very battle to collect every vestige of everything having any value, particularly tin canteens, that had belonged to our comrades."</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiagijXvD5ch3MC2F8ysQnS8mdHUzD6iDhHzvSZ8dg5vyjAchLYJKJ-2WQ9cWezWmXHrE_pw_QcEpLPDRz1eqQDGIFEa8D0B5WDB-14AnBj5SLYe4ndByaB1UsF7WpBwp60-l6PdDuamZjjoTtBulqCR0aeLgXVy-pdjmox1EbY5f78sKaj0rLAJsZrgA/s850/Wilderness%20Church%20and%20Chancellor's%20Retreat.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="698" data-original-width="850" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiagijXvD5ch3MC2F8ysQnS8mdHUzD6iDhHzvSZ8dg5vyjAchLYJKJ-2WQ9cWezWmXHrE_pw_QcEpLPDRz1eqQDGIFEa8D0B5WDB-14AnBj5SLYe4ndByaB1UsF7WpBwp60-l6PdDuamZjjoTtBulqCR0aeLgXVy-pdjmox1EbY5f78sKaj0rLAJsZrgA/s320/Wilderness%20Church%20and%20Chancellor's%20Retreat.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wilderness Church and Chancellor's Retreat, 1884 (National Park Service)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> When they reached their destination, their driver introduced Carl and Auguste to Reverend Melzi Chancellor and his wife. Reverend Chancellor had built their home, Chancellor's Retreat, behind Wilderness Baptist Church after his previous home, Dowdall's Tavern, had burned in 1869. Carl was impressed by Chancellor's accommodation to the realities of post-war life in Spotsylvania. "Our intelligent and genial host took a very sensible and loyal view of the results of the Civil War. 'We know very well what ailed Southerners: We were not taught to work; we have learnt it now, and we are teaching our children that lesson; and we are all better for it.'"</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFo00jV5Hy07wLgnxZLV2DZcek1wRLDA77mqen-In_MqAV7TO3_MsDlsruXoGr2ddjpaudl1SULSlav69acv6374gZtCJjz1oHEP9Unj---T90sRHiJt7qPB0ycS0K3rex4GJ77xKvTsNIBOs0KH8X2smuF5UQ8x0z5IyOyJ7DACYzXT_Po4pnSV9e-g/s1958/Hawkins%20from%20wilderness.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1642" data-original-width="1958" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFo00jV5Hy07wLgnxZLV2DZcek1wRLDA77mqen-In_MqAV7TO3_MsDlsruXoGr2ddjpaudl1SULSlav69acv6374gZtCJjz1oHEP9Unj---T90sRHiJt7qPB0ycS0K3rex4GJ77xKvTsNIBOs0KH8X2smuF5UQ8x0z5IyOyJ7DACYzXT_Po4pnSV9e-g/s320/Hawkins%20from%20wilderness.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(National Park Service)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> The Doerflingers were left with a different impression of Reverend Chancellor's younger neighbors, the Hawkins family. At the time of their visit, the Hawkins house was home to Alex Hawkins and his wife and children, plus his six unmarried sisters. One of the sisters likely had on her mind the famously rash statement General Joseph Hooker made just before the Battle of Chancellorsville: "My plans are perfect, and when I start to carry them out, may God have mercy on General Lee, for I will have none." Carl was dismayed by her comment to him: "I should think you should not wish to see the place again, where you were defeated after boasting so."</p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWBRMCIQf6Zp5-l-pwrS5LMEi6HHbfQN_iR9LDyW8Pq9N7Wd2XLjIlRbEDE5nMAujyekd0uP8hQkWp2Gpi8sQlDRE3PPlFXCGL8QdkUs5ktpFSAnJW5vptXM1jhjAM71XphtmXY3R_jM78_9IQ2ZmLj4-Lu0dMQ2u7yvXWECVpUU_yeON8irEO6x3EUA/s882/Screen%20Shot%202023-01-15%20at%209.35.10%20AM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="882" data-original-width="636" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWBRMCIQf6Zp5-l-pwrS5LMEi6HHbfQN_iR9LDyW8Pq9N7Wd2XLjIlRbEDE5nMAujyekd0uP8hQkWp2Gpi8sQlDRE3PPlFXCGL8QdkUs5ktpFSAnJW5vptXM1jhjAM71XphtmXY3R_jM78_9IQ2ZmLj4-Lu0dMQ2u7yvXWECVpUU_yeON8irEO6x3EUA/s320/Screen%20Shot%202023-01-15%20at%209.35.10%20AM.png" width="231" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Men of Progress: Wisconsin 1897<br /></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> By 1908, the torture of his stump no longer responded to any mitigation by opiates or other therapies. On April 8 of that year, his regular doctor, Albert Herschman, and surgical specialist Dr. Reinekin re-amputated Carl's thigh by a few inches. This time, the surgery was a success. Carl lived the last three years of his life in relative comfort. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Carl Hermann Doerflinger died on November 9, 1911. He is buried in Forest Home Cemetery in Milwaukee.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj59ZygTWQQ46kgzQ2rzRSsM_Xx7KZecbOPgzzUgoatwjlqbHmYUkba6ogiV4c-Njdd4oD6nY2HjDhVxJKf4eq8BLTq0mqL1Zjj8la8J43CKcl5wbztWNi55Z_360uSilSrcBXAta0ekDAnegj_KUv5QQzE1soVHMpobJZeB3XQ2HmWeQACL7UELczdUg/s428/headstone.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="321" data-original-width="428" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj59ZygTWQQ46kgzQ2rzRSsM_Xx7KZecbOPgzzUgoatwjlqbHmYUkba6ogiV4c-Njdd4oD6nY2HjDhVxJKf4eq8BLTq0mqL1Zjj8la8J43CKcl5wbztWNi55Z_360uSilSrcBXAta0ekDAnegj_KUv5QQzE1soVHMpobJZeB3XQ2HmWeQACL7UELczdUg/s320/headstone.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Findagrave</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="text-align: left;">Special thanks to Marc Storch</p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">Sources:</p><p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/memoirsofmilwauk02watr/page/48/mode/2up?view=theater" target="_blank">Memoirs of Milwaukee County</a><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">Harrison, Noel G., "Chancellorsville Battlefield Sites," H.E. Howard, Inc. Lynchburg:VA, 1990</p><p style="text-align: left;">Doerflinger, Chas. H., "Personal Reminiscences of the Battle of Chancellorsville; Particularly on Hawkins' Field"</p><p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Men_of_Progress/0x0wiJQG75sC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=men+of+progress+wisconsin&printsec=frontcover" target="_blank">Men of Progress: Wisconsin</a> </p><p style="text-align: left;"> </p><p style="text-align: left;">Recommended Reading:</p><p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2017/08/during-war-girls-saw-sights.html" target="_blank">During the War, the Girls Saw Sights</a> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-86832461184742652932022-11-16T13:49:00.009-05:002022-11-21T06:54:28.833-05:00The Jackson Monuments at Chancellorsville<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkhkVYHpEUI9Kv2r1pVMAC0aY29mrJ61P4jBXJ8w7peGdTIA3tzy3wQ3RhUlq_iphRIjMXTQsBbRxiTOx_kyTfKS2UXRjKNPsVCHech7ZL8muLdFLdnb8NLlE6wTJ-7TLMsowadPBKFhigqDEj2JHdQItv-YHZrqKeQHTjSW6G5EvYab49Saww2Qw3oA/s1316/SJ%201862.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1316" data-original-width="984" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkhkVYHpEUI9Kv2r1pVMAC0aY29mrJ61P4jBXJ8w7peGdTIA3tzy3wQ3RhUlq_iphRIjMXTQsBbRxiTOx_kyTfKS2UXRjKNPsVCHech7ZL8muLdFLdnb8NLlE6wTJ-7TLMsowadPBKFhigqDEj2JHdQItv-YHZrqKeQHTjSW6G5EvYab49Saww2Qw3oA/s320/SJ%201862.png" width="239" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson, 1862<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> He had a few peculiarities, it must be said.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> He was a lifelong hypochondriac who fretted endlessly about his maladies, both real and imagined. He was convinced that one of his arms was longer than the other, and would hold up the longer arm for extended periods to equalize his circulation. While a professor at the Virginia Military Institute, he memorized his class lectures and delivered them with a decided lack of style. If asked for clarification of a certain point, he would simply repeat what was in his lecture. He was referred to as "Tom Fool" by cadets who snickered behind his back. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> But his time in Lexington is also rightly remembered for moments of grace at the Lexington Presbyterian Church. With the approval and assistance of the church's pastor, Reverend William Spottswood White, Jackson organized a Sunday school class for enslaved black children.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> As was the case with Ulysses S. Grant and others, the Civil War allowed Jackson to give full expression to abilities that would otherwise have never been noted in the history books. He deservedly earned a reputation as a commander of large bodies of troops during the war. It was for his performance at the war's first large-scale battle at Manassas in July 1861 that he received the sobriquet by which he is most commonly known, "Stonewall."</p><p style="text-align: left;"> His nickname, however, did not accurately describe his consistent ability to gather intelligence about the armies that opposed him, and utilized speed and maneuver to achieve victory on the battlefield. His reputation for gaining victories as well as the respect of his men he commanded was cemented in the Shenandoah Valley in the spring of 1862. With only 17,000 men, Jackson was able to flummox a number of Union generals in a series of battles, during which his men would march at times more than 25 miles a day. Their endurance and mobility earned them the name of Jackson's "foot cavalry."</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Although Jackson did not perform particularly well during the Seven Days Battles near Richmond, he and his men did splendid work in the actions that followed: Cedar Mountain, Second Manassas, Harper's Ferry and Antietam, and Fredericksburg. No one was snickering now. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Jackson's seeming invincibility buoyed Southerners' hopes for the ultimate success of their rebellion. Had he lived, it is not unreasonable to think that his continued presence on the battlefield might have extended the war for some time. Providence, however, had intentions of another kind, and Jackson's luck ran out at Chancellorsville. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnhaLnc5VMguyrlgYi_Tx1ZbMCmLLVuv5G-564vflc2P3xHPINe61LOEqsMaqbFLX22VlyQoLRPakASnvsfRyP9DmQlySZsAq16cBN60MEkabPdM9nrqvy9nhmd00FSk1zGPFHDnxSzDuKDR8Swf18_0FI_wr8FV3t2zQfYi40_mRbUuHcX0AOJuIZzQ/s1928/1863%20map.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1586" data-original-width="1928" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnhaLnc5VMguyrlgYi_Tx1ZbMCmLLVuv5G-564vflc2P3xHPINe61LOEqsMaqbFLX22VlyQoLRPakASnvsfRyP9DmQlySZsAq16cBN60MEkabPdM9nrqvy9nhmd00FSk1zGPFHDnxSzDuKDR8Swf18_0FI_wr8FV3t2zQfYi40_mRbUuHcX0AOJuIZzQ/s320/1863%20map.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map detail of the Chancellorsville area, 1863<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> On May 2, 1863, General Jackson led the Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia, some 26,000 soldiers, on a circuitous and grueling march that by late afternoon placed it unnoticed near the undefended right flank of the United States army. The Confederates formed up in battle array athwart the Orange Turnpike (today's Route 3) near John Luckett's farm. </p><p> One can only imagine the shock and terror experienced by the wholly unprepared Union soldiers as Jackson's men surged through them like an irresistible tsunami. Many soldiers in blue fled east to the fortified position around the Chancellorsville house, where Union commander General Joseph Hooker had made his headquarters. Other United States troops were able to organize an effective defense and blunted the Confederate advance. </p><p> After dark, Jackson and his staff were reconnoitering an area near the Mountain Road when they startled some sentries of the 18th North Carolina Infantry. Convinced that the horsemen that they could barely see were Union cavalry, the North Carolinians fired two volleys, striking several in Jackson's entourage. Jackson's left arm was smashed by two bullets, and a third struck his right hand. No longer being controlled by his rider, Jackson's Little Sorrel plunged through the woods toward the Turnpike before he was stopped. Jackson's aide-de-camp, James Power Smith, helped Jackson down from the saddle and then assisted in carrying him to safety.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ8YxrVEMGRJNCQEvvcMNu_DfEe1s94Ot7ZSRAUu3-JabYFo65zBAYmiCrTJVnYra0PeR80USkFEE99SerLAB1hgkALGOMl9cx89Uc08Y7PFmsphOXXDsmPhWL5s-RNfyAbKHosjbewyH6yfKZh0gVKN3BEbXViwhRkH3EPxuNxCwca6tRiG8PFI9rPw/s770/James_Power_Smith.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="770" data-original-width="575" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ8YxrVEMGRJNCQEvvcMNu_DfEe1s94Ot7ZSRAUu3-JabYFo65zBAYmiCrTJVnYra0PeR80USkFEE99SerLAB1hgkALGOMl9cx89Uc08Y7PFmsphOXXDsmPhWL5s-RNfyAbKHosjbewyH6yfKZh0gVKN3BEbXViwhRkH3EPxuNxCwca6tRiG8PFI9rPw/s320/James_Power_Smith.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">James Power Smith<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Jackson was brought to the Second Corps hospital at Wilderness Tavern. There, his left arm was amputated by Dr. Hunter McGuire, assisted by Dr. Harvey Black and others. The corps' chaplain, Reverend Beverly Tucker Lacy, wrapped Jackson's arm in a blanket and carried it to nearby Ellwood, the home of his brother James Horace Lacy. He buried Jackson's arm in the family graveyard there.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEHyz3jgpBjDf2geTvIo9FNpCxJmAB5-2Hi2zNT5sJP1Ulpjy69rMTzxJctki9IGInXXLk6O2T4ruJCuGRypwktJ-Us-Eu8VoWsdQrAWwYTMD0S9WQ6MUrwGoRd4fw0WUvsL2gYivC4pXmRAhdWW0n1k2YKMDJZmtzE4jnSrMrEQsJ5OPSh6FQMum6hg/s789/Beverly%20Tucker%20Lacy.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="789" data-original-width="518" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEHyz3jgpBjDf2geTvIo9FNpCxJmAB5-2Hi2zNT5sJP1Ulpjy69rMTzxJctki9IGInXXLk6O2T4ruJCuGRypwktJ-Us-Eu8VoWsdQrAWwYTMD0S9WQ6MUrwGoRd4fw0WUvsL2gYivC4pXmRAhdWW0n1k2YKMDJZmtzE4jnSrMrEQsJ5OPSh6FQMum6hg/s320/Beverly%20Tucker%20Lacy.jpg" width="210" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Reverend Beverly Tucker Lacy<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> After being allowed to rest for a day, Jackson was then taken to Fairfield, the Caroline County home of Thomas Coleman Chandler. Jackson died there on May 10. The following day, his body was placed in a rough coffin and placed on a train at nearby Guiney's Station and taken to Richmond, where his state funeral was held on May 12.</p><p> If General Jackson's victories sustained the morale of the Southern people during his lifetime, his death created a shock wave of grief and despair. The Army of Northern Virginia would never again be the effective instrument of offensive power it had been with Jackson at the head of the Second Corps. </p><p> The devastation wrought by the Civil War in Spotsylvania County made the prospect of financing the creation of any formal monument to Stonewall Jackson an unattainable luxury. Years after the war's end, an unexpected discovery made possible the first modest monument to General Jackson. </p><p> In September 1879, a road-widening project on the old Turnpike took place near what was still known as Luckett's farm, although it had been bought at a delinquent tax sale in 1876 by neighbor Absalom McGee. A small quartz boulder, about three and a half feet high, was unearthed in a stream near the Luckett place. Recognizing its potential as a marker for the site of Jackson's wounding, James Horace Lacy, his brother Beverly and James Power Smith (by now he was Horace Lacy's son-in-law and pastor at the Fredericksburg Presbyterian Church) organized an effort to haul the stone to the Chancellorsville property. With the help of nearby farmers John Thomas Hawkins, James Meriwether Talley and Isaac Jones, who furnished teams of horses, they transported the rock to its new home. It was placed near where Jackson had been helped from his horse, rather than at the site of the actual shooting so that it could be easily seen from the road. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWRUoWnB06cITvjKXIeurkpH1H6jCmaua2jpWHT3pIQts7p1yh7DAS2VHb7frXs0bhYH2x3vWADNiKtVS9dSvNmWz-V_SJWgEIdib0aIaDD-vuyLOhoHkGFI3cSYjZt2tCR7Ff6i4Ya3MxWk9s8pv68Hs7ZqnO_yd8dHCM-GSoz2Rm1EZ9FDgZu9MdkA/s1280/STONE%20WHERE%20JACKSON%20FELL).jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="742" data-original-width="1280" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWRUoWnB06cITvjKXIeurkpH1H6jCmaua2jpWHT3pIQts7p1yh7DAS2VHb7frXs0bhYH2x3vWADNiKtVS9dSvNmWz-V_SJWgEIdib0aIaDD-vuyLOhoHkGFI3cSYjZt2tCR7Ff6i4Ya3MxWk9s8pv68Hs7ZqnO_yd8dHCM-GSoz2Rm1EZ9FDgZu9MdkA/s320/STONE%20WHERE%20JACKSON%20FELL).jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Battlefield tourists pose at Jackson Rock, late 1800s<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7IINlsA5WpxHOx415pV6q5OWAwdzvpFyqP_oIbW8_lIEeVhRXdtS714U0031v6NLEYqd_6YHHGiufwSrFvWcO80n6r8m4guQGyICtkVJGWXPvvbfHGUAhQtN9qspKG9upp3U2FDEE2Umj33c1qurj1La4LtJaPzzNLFpctFJWwrupTPEnIRLWlOb2-w/s1280/Ruby,Kathleen,Edward%20Payne%20&WillieKent.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="743" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7IINlsA5WpxHOx415pV6q5OWAwdzvpFyqP_oIbW8_lIEeVhRXdtS714U0031v6NLEYqd_6YHHGiufwSrFvWcO80n6r8m4guQGyICtkVJGWXPvvbfHGUAhQtN9qspKG9upp3U2FDEE2Umj33c1qurj1La4LtJaPzzNLFpctFJWwrupTPEnIRLWlOb2-w/s320/Ruby,Kathleen,Edward%20Payne%20&WillieKent.jpeg" width="186" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">William Lee Kent with his daughter and grandchildren at Jackson Rock, 1930s<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In terms of Civil War monuments in Spotsylvania County, little changed over the course of the next several years. In May 1887, a handsome monument to Union General John Sedgwick was dedicated at the Bloody Angle battlefield. This would have the unintended effect of speeding up a process on Jackson's behalf that had its beginnings in Fredericksburg the year before.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI03KX5KH4a1BA9BGWsIR8pjoY_HmhI6DHvlLVIzah_WDrRJZqnLmhrzmYxOaj_Gl9qr7_CpGwZNQPH2kBBHn7ygObCyjaM34BrB1PfSbzinv2sL2DSxN6cenSlh7vTaKVaebVxzNrLIfaUCqaUGN_vTHLC4f91Wk4slFNIoTZozXsZMatqJrrxDuVdg/s1210/sedgwick%20john%20banks.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="875" data-original-width="1210" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI03KX5KH4a1BA9BGWsIR8pjoY_HmhI6DHvlLVIzah_WDrRJZqnLmhrzmYxOaj_Gl9qr7_CpGwZNQPH2kBBHn7ygObCyjaM34BrB1PfSbzinv2sL2DSxN6cenSlh7vTaKVaebVxzNrLIfaUCqaUGN_vTHLC4f91Wk4slFNIoTZozXsZMatqJrrxDuVdg/s320/sedgwick%20john%20banks.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Monument to General John Sedgwick (<a href="http://john-banks.blogspot.com/2014/05/major-general-john-sedgwicks-death-like.html" target="_blank">(John Banks)</a> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In 1886, the <i>Free Lance</i> proposed that a monument be created by popular subscription to mark the spot where Stonewall Jackson was wounded. More than a year passed, and no one stepped forward act upon the newspaper's suggestion. The news that a monument to General Sedgwick would soon be in place in Spotsylvania appears to have focused the minds of those citizens who could make a difference. During February 15-17, 1887, the Grand Lodge Knights of Pythias held their meeting in Fredericksburg. During the course of the meeting, Rufus Bainbridge Merchant, publisher of what was then known as the <i>Fredericksburg Star</i>, made a motion that a fund raising effort be started that would lead to the erection of a monument to General Jackson. And so was born the Stonewall Jackson Monument Association. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHBWHyLUw-zuDhBkwa6is1-dg35kBHUteh_29EGj9kdTNv2sV4KQfWD2-p7ySFXIIGFKpmVfUPY1mLxkxShhWMRLJzS3eeEH-uMljxIQPria4TQgpGmcNsodOrIh4W_U7tzBgbc9zJK6wYDG3F7B1CeciemUHYnyQTeUwdhQxrmxPE9Bk1OyVNGZ7QIw/s698/FL%2027%20Mar%201888.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="698" data-original-width="530" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHBWHyLUw-zuDhBkwa6is1-dg35kBHUteh_29EGj9kdTNv2sV4KQfWD2-p7ySFXIIGFKpmVfUPY1mLxkxShhWMRLJzS3eeEH-uMljxIQPria4TQgpGmcNsodOrIh4W_U7tzBgbc9zJK6wYDG3F7B1CeciemUHYnyQTeUwdhQxrmxPE9Bk1OyVNGZ7QIw/s320/FL%2027%20Mar%201888.png" width="243" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Free Lance 27 March 1887<br /></i></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Merchant was chosen president of the Association, which would undertake the effort to publicize the subscription drive to fund the design, manufacture, transportation and placement of the monument. For a one dollar donation, the subscriber would become a member of the Association and would receive a "handsome certificate, with a view of the monument, when a plan shall be decided upon."</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR0SJuCw5AlycJOVGITxWP33LErQEQ0gDSFPqb6z5sTJ9o4xOsgB-29QTEGhYXb4EWh8obNEDex7Nt_gcMBbpJUrDzKAcRsQKeOYmwWuxTIimXiTI0CKjqAV205dsqGcgDLhgp6svj3_bZovjHpLWFUAIk1SIJw-B47ZgBB0OwaDqCfbLT8Xb16BjE9Q/s1024/image-of-Wilfred-Cutshaw-copy-1024x805.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="805" data-original-width="1024" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR0SJuCw5AlycJOVGITxWP33LErQEQ0gDSFPqb6z5sTJ9o4xOsgB-29QTEGhYXb4EWh8obNEDex7Nt_gcMBbpJUrDzKAcRsQKeOYmwWuxTIimXiTI0CKjqAV205dsqGcgDLhgp6svj3_bZovjHpLWFUAIk1SIJw-B47ZgBB0OwaDqCfbLT8Xb16BjE9Q/s320/image-of-Wilfred-Cutshaw-copy-1024x805.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wilfred Emory Cutshaw (Lovettsville Historical Society)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> The task of creating the design of the monument was given to Wilfred Emory Cutshaw, the city engineer of Richmond. Cutshaw had learned to be a civil engineer while a student at the Virginia Military Institute. During the Civil War, he served as a captain of artillery in Stonewall Jackson's brigade. He was shot in the knee at the First Battle of Winchester in 1862. He taught at VMI while recuperating. Although not fully healed, Cutshaw returned to active service in 1863. He received another severe leg wound during the Battle of Sayler's Creek in April 1865. This time, just days before Lee's surrender at Appomattox, Cutshaw's leg had to amputated.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhILoEcX1BmnEQpmF1X4vW8gOE0N9deFB69_P3DBWIBU0DnfA-5UqwH40MnU3nzTRhsDXTlFqSd4DgjinHOyCY9tlODsYiw750jziDo2sDKgqev8dNWBUkLdTsrVafKCgJwUGLFrkXyB_0tDdYOavrDaM2BFX6gqHxhkn0f-6yy_3xw5H4fy7wO5xX6dw/s921/richard%20snowden%20andrews.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="921" data-original-width="726" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhILoEcX1BmnEQpmF1X4vW8gOE0N9deFB69_P3DBWIBU0DnfA-5UqwH40MnU3nzTRhsDXTlFqSd4DgjinHOyCY9tlODsYiw750jziDo2sDKgqev8dNWBUkLdTsrVafKCgJwUGLFrkXyB_0tDdYOavrDaM2BFX6gqHxhkn0f-6yy_3xw5H4fy7wO5xX6dw/s320/richard%20snowden%20andrews.jpg" width="252" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Richard Snowden Andrews<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> The granite for the monument came from a quarry near Richmond owned by Baltimore architect Richard Snowden Andrews. Like Cutshaw, Andrews was an artillery officer in Stonewall Jackson's command. During the Battle of Cedar Mountain in August 1862, Andrews was nearly disemboweled after he was struck by fragments of an exploding shell. Surgeons sewed him up, but did not expect him to survive. Eight months later he returned to active service--a silver plate had been fitted over his wound. He was wounded two more times before he was sent to Germany as an envoy representing the Confederate government. </p><p> Meanwhile, as the fund raising effort of the Association continued, an offer of help came from John McCalla Boulware, the owner of La Vista farm in eastern Spotsylvania County. In 1866, McCalla's mother, Ann Slaughter Boulware, was elected president of the Spotsylvania Ladies Memorial Association, which was charged with the task of raising funds to buy land for a cemetery in which to inter the still unburied dead Confederate soldiers lying on the local battlefields. Thomas Coleman Chandler, on whose farm General Jackson had died, donated the death bed to Mrs. Boulware so that it could be offered for sale and the proceeds applied to a land purchase. As it happened, Joseph Sanford, the owner of the inn at Spotsylvania Courthouse, donated the land for the cemetery, making the sale of the bed unnecessary. The bed remained at La Vista after Ann Boulware's death in 1873. When McCalla became the owner of La Vista several years later, he also inherited the bed, which he offered to Rufus B. Merchant to raise money for Jackson's monument. As in the previous instance, the sale of the bed proved to be unnecessary, as the money collected from subscriptions was sufficient. The bed remained in the offices of the <i>Star</i> for some time until McCalla brought it back to La Vista. </p><p> Of course, land had to be made available on which to place the monument. William N. Wyeth, a Baltimore iron and steel merchant, had bought the Chancellorsville property from John Henry Walzl in 1873 (it was Walzl who had rebuilt the Chancellorsville house in 1871). Wyeth donated a one-and-a-half acre parcel at the same location where the Jackson Rock had been placed. </p><p> The dedication was originally scheduled to take place on May 10, 1888, the 25th anniversary of the death of General Jackson. The contractors working on the granite could not meet that deadline, so the event was put off for a month. </p><p> As the new date for the dedication approached, the great numbers of visitors likely to attend obliged the event planners to make some provision for transporting people from Fredericksburg to Chancellorsville. Local residents with buggies and wagons available for hire were urged to bring them to Fredericksburg the day before the dedication, now scheduled for June 13. In addition, the local narrow-gauge railroad, the Potomac, Fredericksburg and Piedmont, would run excursion trains to Alrich's Crossing (located at the intersection of today's Old Plank and Catharpin roads). Alrich's was the closest stop on the line to the Chancellorsville house. From there, attendees would depend upon transport provided by locals to get the the assembly point at the Chancellorsville house. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj74yK7Z1dfHdOxO5IVVpmFG3izWvreFchKHRGEjRcYEnYShKkvcOOzDoMgl6eMy0294huBo3zZYbKmliO2Kbr3Rx9ZTX-8djJ5QG3yKqJ8TrPX9yydM1Rud6XK-D6DTsAKE6ZZ4-DY99sVg1n8d2K6nSEDFtMrLpstjnMHAeII6RPUU3RZ9yV_wQlIYA/s742/fl6588.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="742" data-original-width="574" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj74yK7Z1dfHdOxO5IVVpmFG3izWvreFchKHRGEjRcYEnYShKkvcOOzDoMgl6eMy0294huBo3zZYbKmliO2Kbr3Rx9ZTX-8djJ5QG3yKqJ8TrPX9yydM1Rud6XK-D6DTsAKE6ZZ4-DY99sVg1n8d2K6nSEDFtMrLpstjnMHAeII6RPUU3RZ9yV_wQlIYA/s320/fl6588.png" width="248" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Free Lance 5 June 1888<br /></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK_NzBqCiGtvEg_OS7Ek8mwA_Ns2QdD4BD_I4ZriiSSVHsHQt5bRrKPaUxBTJSSxv4SVPmSDr_sSaMmhxgRLsaKHnux-dpf1FH4b0Ms5uAdZyZktv8yv2aCrAIbQ-2n8puWJwEVyc6OgfW1IWBgw8sizlrEa1oenIE1lfWbU2UNKLlB4vgL0-udNfRAA/s1002/fl6888.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1002" data-original-width="590" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK_NzBqCiGtvEg_OS7Ek8mwA_Ns2QdD4BD_I4ZriiSSVHsHQt5bRrKPaUxBTJSSxv4SVPmSDr_sSaMmhxgRLsaKHnux-dpf1FH4b0Ms5uAdZyZktv8yv2aCrAIbQ-2n8puWJwEVyc6OgfW1IWBgw8sizlrEa1oenIE1lfWbU2UNKLlB4vgL0-udNfRAA/s320/fl6888.png" width="188" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Free Lance 8 June 1888<br /></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> The heavy pieces of granite for the monument were transported from the Fredericksburg depot to where they would be assembled. In this effort, several local men volunteered to help lift the component pieces into place: Confederate veteran Vespasian Chancellor, a frequent tour guide for visitors to the local battlefields and proponent for the preservation of those very battlefields; John Roberts Alrich, owner of the farm where Alrich's Crossing was located; and James T. Hawkins and James M. Talley, who had assisted in transporting the Jackson Rock nine years earlier. In the photograph below, Vespasian Chancellor stands to the left of the completed monument just days before the dedication ceremony. Still to be installed is the iron railing manufactured by Benjamin Bowering of the Hope Foundry in Fredericksburg. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx2SBX8f0YvRvDGLjD2dA-8UFrxtJof_8OrEAnEeZbRD6FNf8RgnYhg6750orvrWBhxaoQvU74dcp3SDckzvkQfqPqE-OaFcp4-VgUYHUkWDlyGhjV_vyesK2RfxZ8Iu7HW7IjY4EH8Pzp0gPkGIXSAD9TdBbeEDKn2ZTUGjqQJ-ipsb3sys5bIPd38g/s1284/vespasian.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1284" data-original-width="1016" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx2SBX8f0YvRvDGLjD2dA-8UFrxtJof_8OrEAnEeZbRD6FNf8RgnYhg6750orvrWBhxaoQvU74dcp3SDckzvkQfqPqE-OaFcp4-VgUYHUkWDlyGhjV_vyesK2RfxZ8Iu7HW7IjY4EH8Pzp0gPkGIXSAD9TdBbeEDKn2ZTUGjqQJ-ipsb3sys5bIPd38g/s320/vespasian.png" width="253" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> On the morning of June 13, 1888 a vast throng of people, said to number 5,000 souls, began to make its way to Chancellorsville. A miles-long caravan of horse drawn conveyances slowly made its way west along the old Turnpike. The small excursion trains of the PF&P Railroad began shuttling visitors to Alrich's Crossing, and from there they were taken to the Chancellorsville house. The procession was organized there and then paraded the short distance to the monument.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSbejeamb9TLToF-czbLm9uldgqP3Amadym4w5ysWkv-yFobcsGnIKEtqEMQvn_K7iZyaN3INTzTrqVGHFj_sOmJVmu63c-pXT_qG9Qr1XNT2NIxAjKB7iYhgIn-Nqq6O1pp-tvYzGTsuJFDrY773jJVlq0jueSvG_on1L27Hr_kKN8I8zMVKaZyFuRw/s1280/Chancellorsville%20(CMLS).jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="735" data-original-width="1280" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSbejeamb9TLToF-czbLm9uldgqP3Amadym4w5ysWkv-yFobcsGnIKEtqEMQvn_K7iZyaN3INTzTrqVGHFj_sOmJVmu63c-pXT_qG9Qr1XNT2NIxAjKB7iYhgIn-Nqq6O1pp-tvYzGTsuJFDrY773jJVlq0jueSvG_on1L27Hr_kKN8I8zMVKaZyFuRw/s320/Chancellorsville%20(CMLS).jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chancellorsville, 1870s (Confederate Memorial Literary Society)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> The events of that long-awaited day were chronicled in the <i>Free Lance</i> on June 15 by Charles Henry Robey, whose flowing, lyrical prose was well suited to the occasion. The assembled crowd at Chancellorsville included the largest gathering of Confederate soldiers in the area since the end of the war. But a great many northern admirers of General Jackson came as well, including some who had done battle with his legions. At noon the well-organized procession started from the Chancellorsville house.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Qhx1zEAA0nlaPKDW-2Sk0pBTEflIEOoX7hpWHVuTq6b7i2G5kJMGoG9hYHW4EtazsDSdtXSwnKhbSzc42vl0iG-7pu2UlXB3KsR2sKgf4chsnTYwTh9lDoJ31VzofEmkIIX-eLxiQI7E2nUkAM03F3nHnc6h_cQ16AzaiMtzStPK1JKJdHiFcfcIJQ/s1094/fl61588-1.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1094" data-original-width="614" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Qhx1zEAA0nlaPKDW-2Sk0pBTEflIEOoX7hpWHVuTq6b7i2G5kJMGoG9hYHW4EtazsDSdtXSwnKhbSzc42vl0iG-7pu2UlXB3KsR2sKgf4chsnTYwTh9lDoJ31VzofEmkIIX-eLxiQI7E2nUkAM03F3nHnc6h_cQ16AzaiMtzStPK1JKJdHiFcfcIJQ/s320/fl61588-1.png" width="180" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Headline from the <i>Free Lance </i>15 June 1888<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> A roughly-hewn speakers platform had been built near the monument. Rufus B. Merchant began the ceremony with a few introductory remarks, followed by a speech by Governor Fitzhugh Lee, who described his actions as a cavalry commander on the day of Jackson's flank attack. Other speakers were also introduced, and then Reverend James Power Smith offered a prayer appropriate to the occasion. The Fredericksburg Musical Association then sang. This musical group was conducted, I believe, by Andrew Bowering (son of Benjamin Bowering, maker of the iron railing) who had conducted the music at Jackson's funeral in Richmond. In the photograph below, sitting at left in the rear of the carriage, is Senator John W. Daniel; next to him is Governor Fitzhugh Lee. In the front of the carriage facing the camera is John L. Marye, Jr. Rufus B. Merchant, in the bowler hat, is next to him.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeRbH1zWJZoqwsPY4B5yXcaDMbzwDKO-R83KO2B7CJb7ipgeD3uxnpBw3Ns6Sotx_kMlH4wajSBg0v0jNcYu8V2Roi_MbCrwdEuR_m3XFqr-RujtUIPBzmfsQHcRH9pcr17a0GezoqvjQXWa1VgujDP0bJGGtxb57vXs-frdGds4i9V3pUKTcyedwlEQ/s2392/Fitz%20lee%20etc.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1340" data-original-width="2392" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeRbH1zWJZoqwsPY4B5yXcaDMbzwDKO-R83KO2B7CJb7ipgeD3uxnpBw3Ns6Sotx_kMlH4wajSBg0v0jNcYu8V2Roi_MbCrwdEuR_m3XFqr-RujtUIPBzmfsQHcRH9pcr17a0GezoqvjQXWa1VgujDP0bJGGtxb57vXs-frdGds4i9V3pUKTcyedwlEQ/s320/Fitz%20lee%20etc.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> After the formalities concluded, a festival atmosphere prevailed among the visitors: "True Virginia hospitality was the order of the day, and everybody was welcome to everybody else's lunch basket. Quite a number of booths had been erected in the shady woods, at which solids and liquids were dispensed at reasonable compensations...Everybody was in good spirits; it was essentially a good-natured crowd, it had all on the surface the appearance of a picnic...John Barleycorn knocked down a number of indiscreet visitors at Chancellorsville. They lay about in the woods like dead soldiers."</p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif2YpYX4WV7BLD24Nqho3XNDCxT1zM49F3u-Bi3CnXHV8KUKCSIo33Uj5936QY38oTDI-uJn7zQ_04I23QKo8KSXdxu8003tVwr8Gs8zm6PzhfsmmlCfr_kCqG80qJSO4-GKo74U4dzcw9D3nSX9E7mhXMKTEMcoAKfOiN30hrj8rjBdF2DBX_ARJREA/s1029/jackson-monument-and-rock-smaller%201897.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="818" data-original-width="1029" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif2YpYX4WV7BLD24Nqho3XNDCxT1zM49F3u-Bi3CnXHV8KUKCSIo33Uj5936QY38oTDI-uJn7zQ_04I23QKo8KSXdxu8003tVwr8Gs8zm6PzhfsmmlCfr_kCqG80qJSO4-GKo74U4dzcw9D3nSX9E7mhXMKTEMcoAKfOiN30hrj8rjBdF2DBX_ARJREA/s320/jackson-monument-and-rock-smaller%201897.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jackson monument 1897 (Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> The Jackson monument became a tourist destination from the day it was built, and has remained so for the intervening 134 years of its existence. Among its early visitors were veterans of the 114th Pennsylvania Volunteers, popularly known as the "Collis Zouaves." While in Spotsylvania for the dedication of their own monument in May 1899, they posed for this photograph:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb-8acMNHXTOnB8LxZNApNL-RtDOkMmC41CQRX2JpJP2JS4n__glAJfRs5Ss2aGcK9w1eBHfujOQ6zhCagDG6sgkMZFhy7nOzcQ-9C_6UzJpEXdyxCkX80h-fyrY_qd5H4MMhtvnMZisxX1VH_IHxy_Ts-wfa2QM_yo4rP_ErUcL-qi_P_XTHcU32Ukw/s1280/114th%20Pa%20Zouaves%20at.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="844" data-original-width="1280" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb-8acMNHXTOnB8LxZNApNL-RtDOkMmC41CQRX2JpJP2JS4n__glAJfRs5Ss2aGcK9w1eBHfujOQ6zhCagDG6sgkMZFhy7nOzcQ-9C_6UzJpEXdyxCkX80h-fyrY_qd5H4MMhtvnMZisxX1VH_IHxy_Ts-wfa2QM_yo4rP_ErUcL-qi_P_XTHcU32Ukw/s320/114th%20Pa%20Zouaves%20at.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Collis Zouaves at Jackson monument, 1899<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Although it is not properly known as a "monument," one more stone memorial honoring General Jackson would be placed fifteen years after his official monument was dedicated. In 1903, Reverend James Powers Smith brought to Ellwood this stone, which marks the place where Jackson's arm had been buried. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd13z6G9p3yon7wsprWXKjJ6Y3yJ_e5YMU5ITV8hs0lVRJsptLhjdhcgN377BI6YhqkEgW2X0rJXSzL3SpDYCbjEWn3EhflFV6H08tSOwuoBddCpaBW2A7VxQ0m7v-MDLOB4SiXcquJBS2dX6iExi8IB1l2p0JQErV30gs2rVnvR8K92JxBKY6xBhO_A/s1280/Stonewall%20Jackson's%20arm.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="860" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd13z6G9p3yon7wsprWXKjJ6Y3yJ_e5YMU5ITV8hs0lVRJsptLhjdhcgN377BI6YhqkEgW2X0rJXSzL3SpDYCbjEWn3EhflFV6H08tSOwuoBddCpaBW2A7VxQ0m7v-MDLOB4SiXcquJBS2dX6iExi8IB1l2p0JQErV30gs2rVnvR8K92JxBKY6xBhO_A/s320/Stonewall%20Jackson's%20arm.jpeg" width="215" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ellwood, 1930s<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Today, the monument at Chancellorsville looks very much like the day it was dedicated. Bowering's iron railing was removed in the 1930s by the National Park Service.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><u>Sources:</u></p><p>Pfanz, Donald. <a href="https://npsfrsp.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/jackson-rock-by-pfanz1.pdf" target="_blank">Jackson Rock</a> </p><p>Hennessy, John. <a href="https://npsfrsp.wordpress.com/2012/11/14/a-little-mystery-solved-the-jackson-rock-and-a-little-commercial-crassness/" target="_blank">A Little Mystery Solved</a> </p><p>Mackowski, Chris. <a href="https://www.historynet.com/how-stonewall-jacksons-death-sites-became-tourist-attractions/" target="_blank">How the Sites of Stonewall Jackson's Wound and Death Became Tourist Attractions</a> </p><p>Mink, Eric. "Dedication of the Stonewall Jackson Monument at Chancellorsville," Fredericksburg History and Biography, 2006</p><p><u>Recommended Reading:</u></p><p>Banks, John. <a href="http://john-banks.blogspot.com/2014/05/major-general-john-sedgwicks-death-like.html" target="_blank">Major General John Sedgwick's Death: 'Like an Electric Shock'</a> </p><p>Stone Sentinels. <a href="https://stonesentinels.com/chancellorsville/tour-battlefield/auto-tour/stop-1-visitor-center/lieutenant-general-thomas-j-jackson/" target="_blank">Lieutenant Thomas J. Jackson</a> </p><p><a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-general-jacksons-bed.html" target="_blank">The Story of General Jackson's Bed</a></p><p><a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2019/11/la-vista.html" target="_blank">La Vista</a></p><p><a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2019/10/the-funerals-of-stonewall-jackson.html" target="_blank">The Funerals of Stonewall Jackson</a></p><p><a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2014/07/benjamin-bowering-rediscovered.html" target="_blank">Benjamin Bowering Rediscovered</a></p><p><a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2015/04/the-zouaves-come-to-chancellorsville.html" target="_blank">The Zouaves Come to Chancellorsville</a><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-53067598450040782842022-11-08T12:54:00.007-05:002022-11-10T11:33:53.835-05:00Elizabeth Morrison and a History of Hazelwild<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2MiLWvb3fGsWXGLZeJJVf2tC8EDMI_NS0HMY36D1Vt90rafw82dd4HiugiWvb2DhMorywTIOXGCoT4N0FaXoRT49lWc1et36pAnKDNT9d7B_u9nuF2BmZyIgl00qGCqsA505oZxNVYjlC9MZ7H6U_RRDGtD-KrymgPf1uIumBpmAIN8vuJSLaUaKF5g/s1010/Sissy.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1010" data-original-width="810" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2MiLWvb3fGsWXGLZeJJVf2tC8EDMI_NS0HMY36D1Vt90rafw82dd4HiugiWvb2DhMorywTIOXGCoT4N0FaXoRT49lWc1et36pAnKDNT9d7B_u9nuF2BmZyIgl00qGCqsA505oZxNVYjlC9MZ7H6U_RRDGtD-KrymgPf1uIumBpmAIN8vuJSLaUaKF5g/s320/Sissy.png" width="257" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Anna Elizabeth Morrison (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> For 130 years, Hazelwild was owned by three generations of the Eastburn and Morrison families. Today this historic farm is probably best remembered because of its last private owner, Anna Elizabeth Morrison (1901-1997). Known as "Aunt Sissy" by generations of her relatives and former students, her love of teaching, her boundless energy and her devotion to her community place her in the top tier of Spotsylvania County's premier citizens.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyphv_pxZT375mLOW2PTukyY9QdWqmkWkMZtMZDS7gqhtV7FiOf1UpVmYR7vNrTEi-nFE0afp9oX7edMj61-o53ftQFFOrH_DjPJRXIx8usDei6vewC_38mgs0eAfoedNueCtWY2ulHOUcfJFpZ7TCCxLHbpO8HoSqqMcDRd4B8fYXb8lEkXdRJziR-g/s1444/Oliver%20and%20Anna%20Eastburn.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1444" data-original-width="880" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyphv_pxZT375mLOW2PTukyY9QdWqmkWkMZtMZDS7gqhtV7FiOf1UpVmYR7vNrTEi-nFE0afp9oX7edMj61-o53ftQFFOrH_DjPJRXIx8usDei6vewC_38mgs0eAfoedNueCtWY2ulHOUcfJFpZ7TCCxLHbpO8HoSqqMcDRd4B8fYXb8lEkXdRJziR-g/s320/Oliver%20and%20Anna%20Eastburn.png" width="195" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Oliver and Anna Eastburn (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Oliver Wilson Eastburn was born into a prosperous Quaker family in Mill Creek Hundred, New Castle County, Delaware on June 23, 1824. He never knew his father, David Eastburn, Sr., who died just six days after his birth. In addition to farming, David Eastburn had operated a lime kiln with with brother-in-law, Abel Jeanes (lime burning is the process of converting limestone to quicklime, a soil amendment important in agriculture). </p><p> Oliver married Anna Eliza Shakespeare (1832-1882) in 1850. Over a twenty-six-year period they had thirteen children together, one of whom died in infancy. The second youngest of their children was Lillian Virginia.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmGEs46XcgbHPbVcc5GCRqi43-NBl1eKmT9ti087YNKwolrVk4Wtl40X-Xw0DfSrxwGd4fl5UclVvpuQHoVxC2Ut6GLnr1nCwFm48YE3AZI-dzaYIB--O9Dg1MJq5kv0NqOBJFEKTS3wGXGQ9tZ2kppFkCxdCsoS4u74rxIlnfdhVvhbkzfCcm5aBLfw/s1008/Lillian%20Virginia%20Eastburn.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1008" data-original-width="638" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmGEs46XcgbHPbVcc5GCRqi43-NBl1eKmT9ti087YNKwolrVk4Wtl40X-Xw0DfSrxwGd4fl5UclVvpuQHoVxC2Ut6GLnr1nCwFm48YE3AZI-dzaYIB--O9Dg1MJq5kv0NqOBJFEKTS3wGXGQ9tZ2kppFkCxdCsoS4u74rxIlnfdhVvhbkzfCcm5aBLfw/s320/Lillian%20Virginia%20Eastburn.png" width="203" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lillian Virginia Eastburn (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In the years leading up to the Civil War, a number of families from New Castle County moved to Spotsylvania. Most noteworthy among this group were the Morrisons, Armstrongs and Alriches. Compared to land values in Delaware, farm prices in Spotsylvania were quite inexpensive. This fact improved the prospects for these families to prosper as farmers. In the summer of 1866, Oliver Eastburn decided to follow their example. In July of that year, he contracted to buy a 626-1/2 acre farm along Hazel Run from the widow of Augustus Henry Malsberger. The terms appeared in the July 17, 1866 edition of the <i>Fredericksburg Ledger. </i>Irish immigrant <a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2021/05/the-mccrackens.html" target="_blank">Patrick McCracken</a> acted as real estate agent:</p><p><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVbZ2iBVjZr7wR4_MdDtZtaTdkDMIQCYxpIIyN9pbSyJm28qiwm7IOs0F_c6WaQJAGx6PintR2olRJwoAVeJe3aFhz02sRDOw5oZs8GGES__o5imATrV3QvfkBJ8TpgbxR4F01Kcnk5ij1V-cMasRJMhViKpedFKTBz2CgGUYp49afNmQm_Jp9aYLysg/s2296/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-08%20at%204.41.34%20PM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1634" data-original-width="2296" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVbZ2iBVjZr7wR4_MdDtZtaTdkDMIQCYxpIIyN9pbSyJm28qiwm7IOs0F_c6WaQJAGx6PintR2olRJwoAVeJe3aFhz02sRDOw5oZs8GGES__o5imATrV3QvfkBJ8TpgbxR4F01Kcnk5ij1V-cMasRJMhViKpedFKTBz2CgGUYp49afNmQm_Jp9aYLysg/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-08%20at%204.41.34%20PM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The original house at Hazelwild, 1915 (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_mCj0Ioq3uiW8sA9t5fcM0hf_35F0gunM5PBNNzmV3mQNpcsB_JEtbaDO-1KZOR7exCR-kMnkp7pjII7shN3yOax_3cQMYDw40ccyctK48JUOSnrlTKj6HTS6DqNVhaUqNmC5uT-TGPHXCUbRElm20NrMJDMPgXPVkkZAPPbKQy935SSSu5pxfb8X8w/s684/FL%2017%20Jul%201866.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="574" data-original-width="684" height="269" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_mCj0Ioq3uiW8sA9t5fcM0hf_35F0gunM5PBNNzmV3mQNpcsB_JEtbaDO-1KZOR7exCR-kMnkp7pjII7shN3yOax_3cQMYDw40ccyctK48JUOSnrlTKj6HTS6DqNVhaUqNmC5uT-TGPHXCUbRElm20NrMJDMPgXPVkkZAPPbKQy935SSSu5pxfb8X8w/s320/FL%2017%20Jul%201866.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> In the 1863 map detail below, shown is the section of that includes Hazelwood, which is indicated as "Malsburger" at upper right:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIp0b7BpDNDOR3mni-QIwiCzT0bUFhcDodyj2plaio92BdGcx6e7yg59mBys7mamAAdjaHF0eo2zFQZB9E7qifBhPcDXQ6l3eUeYeInqwIgGLMT3j1IokgFs8bZk7ZLLgvhQO7CDN8kETkN6g9U6k06On9Z2F_A4s4rzrhyf0Cdq0yILehZuHfak3qXw/s2218/map.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1414" data-original-width="2218" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIp0b7BpDNDOR3mni-QIwiCzT0bUFhcDodyj2plaio92BdGcx6e7yg59mBys7mamAAdjaHF0eo2zFQZB9E7qifBhPcDXQ6l3eUeYeInqwIgGLMT3j1IokgFs8bZk7ZLLgvhQO7CDN8kETkN6g9U6k06On9Z2F_A4s4rzrhyf0Cdq0yILehZuHfak3qXw/s320/map.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> The purchase of what was then called Hazelwood was finalized when a deed was signed on October 12, 1866. Oliver then placed an advertisement in the November 8, 1866 edition of the <i>Delaware Republican</i>, offering his previous residence for sale.</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitnZq4mDnEUZKZ49k6c-x3JuuBqLSl9yck6n4z34IJjrXNVRNf51VHaJgfVf5H1P2g-4fgCQdnZORWpbgb1tWyB_a_fqgtmBbJoW5edprqhzlGM1KWtrRrOLcyyp2w97dNuMkDPScbmtB2i4GjFCbzqcxzOZhB_7mgbNet75pq9eGi-GkvyO0Yi-lCFg/s684/Del%20Republican%208%20Nov%201866.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="394" data-original-width="684" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitnZq4mDnEUZKZ49k6c-x3JuuBqLSl9yck6n4z34IJjrXNVRNf51VHaJgfVf5H1P2g-4fgCQdnZORWpbgb1tWyB_a_fqgtmBbJoW5edprqhzlGM1KWtrRrOLcyyp2w97dNuMkDPScbmtB2i4GjFCbzqcxzOZhB_7mgbNet75pq9eGi-GkvyO0Yi-lCFg/s320/Del%20Republican%208%20Nov%201866.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><br /></i></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> The terms of the sale of Hazelwood indicated that Oliver was providing $5,500 cash and borrowing the balance. Since he had not yet sold his home in Delaware, he was obliged to borrow that amount from his brother David Eastburn, Jr.. David was a prosperous Delaware farmer who had continued in the family's lime-burning business and was for a time the president of the Newport National Bank. The money Oliver borrowed from his brother was secured by a deed of trust to John L. Marye, Jr.<br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAPke1Oqk8UcSiF4NEX7fdDVxkHv6enq69yweIKUnbWb5FQUWnzrOfo6FTyR3aVC-0pvJLujz3TuMdNAGUwzcyXfVXMzfEBw4deDhiv3vmg5UKmXIWNDZrnCoJywFPoH3Nj1vmPVwgiqEfcN7Jc560cdshHTTPEIQK0EwhLINk7dx1Jc-O1N56l-g3wQ/s1158/Young%20David%20Eastburn.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1158" data-original-width="980" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAPke1Oqk8UcSiF4NEX7fdDVxkHv6enq69yweIKUnbWb5FQUWnzrOfo6FTyR3aVC-0pvJLujz3TuMdNAGUwzcyXfVXMzfEBw4deDhiv3vmg5UKmXIWNDZrnCoJywFPoH3Nj1vmPVwgiqEfcN7Jc560cdshHTTPEIQK0EwhLINk7dx1Jc-O1N56l-g3wQ/s320/Young%20David%20Eastburn.png" width="271" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">David Eastburn, Jr. (Ancestry.com)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> Like other families from New Castle County who settled in Spotsylvania, it did not take Oliver Eastburn long to become a prosperous farmer and valued member of his community. During the 37 years he lived at Hazelwood, he held a number of positions of public trust, including assessor of real estate, justice of the peace, magistrate for the Courtland district, road commissioner and school board trustee. He was popularly known as "Squire" Eastburn. He also served on the board of the Rappahannock Valley Agricultural and Mechanical Society, which was responsible for organizing the annual fair in Fredericksburg. He was elected president of the Society in 1894.<br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirUqF-vTgWo8M4MjQeI6xWn2GIxg3MtcZLamYGgMg4OY4g6At8AFkF6LLPnrL8p483-5IaH_R2wxp4eiYwPNpntp5LC9n_vfU4hR0uuQF2tN8F8CwfaKpMDp-PAYShdRlOF65Kv1tYzRVyZ7i1kkDrOzw2X7Z3O7H0amRr2TxkvRARgAWJT4cv7arcbA/s1486/Oliver%20Eastburn%20at%20fair.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1486" data-original-width="836" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirUqF-vTgWo8M4MjQeI6xWn2GIxg3MtcZLamYGgMg4OY4g6At8AFkF6LLPnrL8p483-5IaH_R2wxp4eiYwPNpntp5LC9n_vfU4hR0uuQF2tN8F8CwfaKpMDp-PAYShdRlOF65Kv1tYzRVyZ7i1kkDrOzw2X7Z3O7H0amRr2TxkvRARgAWJT4cv7arcbA/s320/Oliver%20Eastburn%20at%20fair.png" width="180" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Oliver Eastburn at Fredericksburg fair (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Oliver was a devoted member of Tabernacle Methodist Church. He was the first superintendent of the Sunday school there. Not surprisingly, he was also active in the affairs of the Virginia Methodist Conference. Shown below is Tabernacle as Oliver would have known it, and three images from a Methodist hymnal that likely belonged to him that were shared with me by Rich Morrison.</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDYhEfX3zulPoMjhPLtBR3B4f_fTaEqBUUotqz10Mhut8-mZQWIuksWnZA7_M89j1EiLwWP6kR9dhPp71DflTuH3jzKyu-KI0nafOodNGZ_zNYNlzPaOouoPK8U3YHb1U0rRB2vk8a-934V6vr8J8GVoo_aRH1ANhqEXLzAnWhMLQWDMW-A-fEr4QJZQ/s845/Tabernacle.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="845" data-original-width="594" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDYhEfX3zulPoMjhPLtBR3B4f_fTaEqBUUotqz10Mhut8-mZQWIuksWnZA7_M89j1EiLwWP6kR9dhPp71DflTuH3jzKyu-KI0nafOodNGZ_zNYNlzPaOouoPK8U3YHb1U0rRB2vk8a-934V6vr8J8GVoo_aRH1ANhqEXLzAnWhMLQWDMW-A-fEr4QJZQ/s320/Tabernacle.jpeg" width="225" /></a></div><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFpTXzE7VHB9AoMMHN_E5L9lQeWouJKdvjOvTWAY2sXPF0kL4aPeWN2ZJ6ubTeUaSQEwGUaOTEyx_Bwa4VU3hm1kZE1m4KZqjVB8FpMPUeAoGK9q9q1fNbcGCkoTcCOKnsukVu5VboA-HmFgRBZ00C6AXLBl7jErufFg0r4cupLqWzEJRhW08-sFX-6g/s1600/Cover%20of%20Hymn%20Book%20of%20the%20Methodist%20Episcopal%20Church,%20South%20published%201897%20in%20Nashville,%20TN.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1248" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFpTXzE7VHB9AoMMHN_E5L9lQeWouJKdvjOvTWAY2sXPF0kL4aPeWN2ZJ6ubTeUaSQEwGUaOTEyx_Bwa4VU3hm1kZE1m4KZqjVB8FpMPUeAoGK9q9q1fNbcGCkoTcCOKnsukVu5VboA-HmFgRBZ00C6AXLBl7jErufFg0r4cupLqWzEJRhW08-sFX-6g/s320/Cover%20of%20Hymn%20Book%20of%20the%20Methodist%20Episcopal%20Church,%20South%20published%201897%20in%20Nashville,%20TN.jpg" width="250" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBECPA76MaGHh43hBkKgWF-9cRi0qXzRy3yvc-X-iheSy7sSuauqAQZ6dyc4iH3OlC6wEombBd8Hem0UfGMT5orhoErl46_M8cxDc9Xt2VECwtRtLGy4TeS6qH8__la7SzMSzub-h5LwhKFm0_ZdkVWmYMOFBDRVuNXeyW_blC3KLyk-yslV61rrY-vg/s1600/Front%20Page%20Hymn%20Book%20of%20the%20Methodist%20Episcopal%20Church,%20South%20published%201897%20in%20Nashville,%20TN.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1307" data-original-width="1600" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBECPA76MaGHh43hBkKgWF-9cRi0qXzRy3yvc-X-iheSy7sSuauqAQZ6dyc4iH3OlC6wEombBd8Hem0UfGMT5orhoErl46_M8cxDc9Xt2VECwtRtLGy4TeS6qH8__la7SzMSzub-h5LwhKFm0_ZdkVWmYMOFBDRVuNXeyW_blC3KLyk-yslV61rrY-vg/s320/Front%20Page%20Hymn%20Book%20of%20the%20Methodist%20Episcopal%20Church,%20South%20published%201897%20in%20Nashville,%20TN.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiliqSwzw65_Nu-z3nM-t8EkQw3A0zNIMC5fP7YDco1BBlwV2fj6dcPEDY_dPIt-7oBMscfPSxoYDiS_aD9szV8dTQavV_5IUpv4fijrH4VyFUy81rMIoc88GYvIAjDw4VW-JZtw7fSjThuM0X-oM83_U4yBHnFNITTUjJaLU772oNHCd_LcztkY9MWtQ/s1600/Table%20of%20Contents%20Hymn%20Book%20of%20the%20Methodist%20Episcopal%20Church,%20South%20published%201897%20in%20Nashville,%20TN.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1270" data-original-width="1600" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiliqSwzw65_Nu-z3nM-t8EkQw3A0zNIMC5fP7YDco1BBlwV2fj6dcPEDY_dPIt-7oBMscfPSxoYDiS_aD9szV8dTQavV_5IUpv4fijrH4VyFUy81rMIoc88GYvIAjDw4VW-JZtw7fSjThuM0X-oM83_U4yBHnFNITTUjJaLU772oNHCd_LcztkY9MWtQ/s320/Table%20of%20Contents%20Hymn%20Book%20of%20the%20Methodist%20Episcopal%20Church,%20South%20published%201897%20in%20Nashville,%20TN.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Anna Eastburn, Oliver's wife of 33 years, died at Hazelwood on April 10, 1883. She is buried in the Confederate Cemetery in Fredericksburg.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMq3FbnXvW2hanIHfqjTrrRXD_sUud0LIua6jpR2r6hb5FrRpDt7GiiFXrlqqzeIftxLKSJedww4xAPrXRg56rLQPJeUIKOl0TR4p0pc8ejFSbLkbSW1axjecvxuOIZryI5OrHuZy7l5pkD8B1MTvLv7sEyyR_G_nM6T77E4dyGqa3Eg1X3Q7mXinJrw/s832/Anna%20Shakespeare%20Eastburn.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="484" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMq3FbnXvW2hanIHfqjTrrRXD_sUud0LIua6jpR2r6hb5FrRpDt7GiiFXrlqqzeIftxLKSJedww4xAPrXRg56rLQPJeUIKOl0TR4p0pc8ejFSbLkbSW1axjecvxuOIZryI5OrHuZy7l5pkD8B1MTvLv7sEyyR_G_nM6T77E4dyGqa3Eg1X3Q7mXinJrw/s320/Anna%20Shakespeare%20Eastburn.png" width="186" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Anna Shakespeare Eastburn (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In July 1895, Oliver was knocked down and trampled by one of his bulls. Only the quick reaction of his employees who happened to be nearby saved him from serious injury, or worse.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuXzoHn2lOFtXkAKoowUtHrt0u5gktTj9YG2jPJZuxmP2FQy0JxlIrMZKR5GhtE9EX4x-cPHBS3RDiBRE6h95GbhguOKAwCsJLs5YjA4H4kJhxmy1F8I6GLNk5ihTou4gHkWh9wLhVD1LYte8E78dFuA3LtvDRp2wgBNiZaPfxs-tOJ5PBmwdIVJOjDg/s1272/Oliver%20Eastburn.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1272" data-original-width="972" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuXzoHn2lOFtXkAKoowUtHrt0u5gktTj9YG2jPJZuxmP2FQy0JxlIrMZKR5GhtE9EX4x-cPHBS3RDiBRE6h95GbhguOKAwCsJLs5YjA4H4kJhxmy1F8I6GLNk5ihTou4gHkWh9wLhVD1LYte8E78dFuA3LtvDRp2wgBNiZaPfxs-tOJ5PBmwdIVJOjDg/s320/Oliver%20Eastburn.png" width="245" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Oliver Eastburn (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> The year 1896 proved to be a momentous one for Oliver Eastburn, for reasons both good and bad. On the plus side of the ledger, his daughter Lillian Virginia married George Huston Morrison. It was also the year of the great wind storm that wrecked his barn. This unfortunate event set into motion a series of incidents that were doubtless unpleasant for Oliver, and then for his heirs.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtBtzWiVkKPMrCHAF0E1f4pq4Qxgt9tzYH2ldUXjc-kozYtXSKITuZUG8-ZrH0gjirBQG7gpQtHsWfeK6wixLF0eTBcoKnuNl0T9SI2nXKm82WD4ZdCx2k9eEQFxEn4oOg7MVOOVwaKlshhvWyXGe-jZO60gRF_5uhOHh1J9LF9jtPyoWsq2GwO291mQ/s1520/David%20Eastburn.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1520" data-original-width="976" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtBtzWiVkKPMrCHAF0E1f4pq4Qxgt9tzYH2ldUXjc-kozYtXSKITuZUG8-ZrH0gjirBQG7gpQtHsWfeK6wixLF0eTBcoKnuNl0T9SI2nXKm82WD4ZdCx2k9eEQFxEn4oOg7MVOOVwaKlshhvWyXGe-jZO60gRF_5uhOHh1J9LF9jtPyoWsq2GwO291mQ/s320/David%20Eastburn.png" width="205" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">David Eastburn, Jr. (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> At the time that Oliver lost his barn, now 30 years since he had bought Hazelwood, he still owed his brother David the $5,500 he had borrowed to make that purchase. And the deed of trust he had given to John L. Marye, Jr., to secure that loan was still in force. This placed Oliver in a predicament, because he could not borrow money to build a new barn until the promissory notes held by David were marked paid and returned to him, thereby allowing him to get the deed of trust released. He could then borrow money to raise a new barn. </p><p> Oliver wrote a letter to David and asked him to please mark the notes paid and return them to him. Once he satisfied the deed of trust and got his loan, Oliver told David that he would draw up new notes for the same amount and send them to him. Oliver got his new barn, but he did not execute the new notes. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY0dW6bM-QPADpb6Lbae3vAYGm8aQQNWPSLYcJmJJ-3YctmMa3GqNEwLhxeCdZNZufW6PsSWDfg1aje8wEtI-dhhlvVQb5MSPKnmgGKHD2LLQgRmJm_iM0e3yMmWc483QNFRJu-QF1JfkqwT7FBCbXroMZJdrguFdETuO-GPP3STwxRjxsMLxh_bTjww/s1938/Barn.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1376" data-original-width="1938" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY0dW6bM-QPADpb6Lbae3vAYGm8aQQNWPSLYcJmJJ-3YctmMa3GqNEwLhxeCdZNZufW6PsSWDfg1aje8wEtI-dhhlvVQb5MSPKnmgGKHD2LLQgRmJm_iM0e3yMmWc483QNFRJu-QF1JfkqwT7FBCbXroMZJdrguFdETuO-GPP3STwxRjxsMLxh_bTjww/s320/Barn.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Barn at Hazelwild (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> David Eastburn died on New Year's Day, 1899. In his will drawn up shortly before his death, he wrote that he forgave Oliver for the unpaid interest on his loan, but that he still considered the principal amount of $5,500 was due to his heirs. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvxfF0Cpghg5kZ-tFXLrhLciofyeCkxzr6GkTdxyOdDjZ30pMSvNFQMn0i-7B9OyQC2M5rBPZvTb4LSJhiEFPJ7FgMSQ_IwbAO2e0hQBXbDO61-vDGl7-6tZKNmRGvBVVuuyZt1GO0ZOSH8wyqZVZGw8yjZIgMKIQTPYPCm7hTAT9AiX4UGV7EM3BzVA/s1448/Richard%20G.%20Buckingham.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1448" data-original-width="934" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvxfF0Cpghg5kZ-tFXLrhLciofyeCkxzr6GkTdxyOdDjZ30pMSvNFQMn0i-7B9OyQC2M5rBPZvTb4LSJhiEFPJ7FgMSQ_IwbAO2e0hQBXbDO61-vDGl7-6tZKNmRGvBVVuuyZt1GO0ZOSH8wyqZVZGw8yjZIgMKIQTPYPCm7hTAT9AiX4UGV7EM3BzVA/s320/Richard%20G.%20Buckingham.png" width="206" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Richard G. Buckingham (Rich Morrison)</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> The executor of David Eastburn's estate was his (and Oliver's) nephew, Richard G. Buckingham. He took seriously his fiduciary responsibility to David's heirs, and began to vigorously pursue the recovery of the $5,500.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbSAJvI38bo_bfvW1c8oLZ8Vb46zLrAUDjCP-3WRAJMHbS7FeTZQf7EKJaFLbCcouagJ8ZzvnQBhTWKRqENwYUZeTGPLkJSyhFOJ5VEfzz2zhDS9Shdyv5bjHJZu4cCl9Met-r7PjNVbTb2dB__-tSZD2XPF_-q3LNDwlrk3_0LSWtXTomMU8421TG1w/s1048/DS%205%20Aug%201903.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1048" data-original-width="596" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbSAJvI38bo_bfvW1c8oLZ8Vb46zLrAUDjCP-3WRAJMHbS7FeTZQf7EKJaFLbCcouagJ8ZzvnQBhTWKRqENwYUZeTGPLkJSyhFOJ5VEfzz2zhDS9Shdyv5bjHJZu4cCl9Met-r7PjNVbTb2dB__-tSZD2XPF_-q3LNDwlrk3_0LSWtXTomMU8421TG1w/s320/DS%205%20Aug%201903.png" width="182" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Daily Star 5 August 1903<br /></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNgN5iNXIsjGMPCEi_tWmFbHplGPyp-KsCQYP9FjQEtsJnVAB1U7WO_vhLp8k0bz71-d3vOFaHZU6bb5D7C9MT78KZmri2Hk8bl9UHY5Nfi3TbDeWMQEXhbJF9RHDDyvOEhvCpu1yKWQclZg8jCq1XXPRzmCzYiRhduGIa-0vpey7Edqlpo7yFEPOvnw/s375/OEM%20headstone.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="250" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNgN5iNXIsjGMPCEi_tWmFbHplGPyp-KsCQYP9FjQEtsJnVAB1U7WO_vhLp8k0bz71-d3vOFaHZU6bb5D7C9MT78KZmri2Hk8bl9UHY5Nfi3TbDeWMQEXhbJF9RHDDyvOEhvCpu1yKWQclZg8jCq1XXPRzmCzYiRhduGIa-0vpey7Edqlpo7yFEPOvnw/s320/OEM%20headstone.jpg" width="213" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Headstone of Oliver Eastburn (Findagrave)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Oliver Wilson Eastburn died at Hazelwood on August 4, 1903. He is buried near Anna at the Confederate Cemetery in Fredericksburg.</p><p> At the time of Oliver's death, the matter of his outstanding debt to his brother's estate was still unresolved. It now fell to his son, Samuel E. Eastburn, as executor of his estate, to continue the legal wrangling with the tireless Mr. Buckingham.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidyz4eEbdcTt9WaQGU7qxzlpWri41C_NalAW707StdUFOuU4uCPjEi6NXBs7f2WozbB-T8ay7_bfeU2pG6jb-JwtdUzAl9nDAALh_3hjWjKEFIClEyJgmRBiphiGvK0UGneq9BQ6cenvyUHf3goqxr3do3BPAeX_bcYL1ZSHxW9awLHGvksa-k51FZMA/s1454/Samuel%20E.%20Eastburn.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1454" data-original-width="850" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidyz4eEbdcTt9WaQGU7qxzlpWri41C_NalAW707StdUFOuU4uCPjEi6NXBs7f2WozbB-T8ay7_bfeU2pG6jb-JwtdUzAl9nDAALh_3hjWjKEFIClEyJgmRBiphiGvK0UGneq9BQ6cenvyUHf3goqxr3do3BPAeX_bcYL1ZSHxW9awLHGvksa-k51FZMA/s320/Samuel%20E.%20Eastburn.png" width="187" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Samuel E. Eastburn (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> After years of letter writing, legal depositions, injunctions and so on the matter of the unpaid debt was finally resolved to the satisfaction of the parties involved. On April 25, 1904, Samuel E. Eastburn executed a deed to his brother-in-law, George Huston Morrison, who bought Hazelwood from the estate of Oliver Eastburn.</p><p><br /></p><p> Robert Reed Morrison was born in Mill Creek Hundred, New Castle County, Delaware in 1823. He was the son of immigrants--his father was Irish, his mother was from Scotland. He married Mary Ann Springer on February 6, 1855. Over the next fourteen years, Robert and Mary had six children together.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8RXf1_rNh2evUZRkWReqDSl3lchpymhHVbO0Oh_9tjJahjt-6yjEn4dp4TkNXldlATmCqqouSwpts1g5IkL-MP95F9NNNFMDuRwwbD_re6VXHYlmri9ZTar4W4NWMg9sK850sI-InQCy9debEkW3HRt0MqHgpiFERaMCznhDJqsULyrCUsck4cPHBug/s1518/Mary%20Springer%20Morrison.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1518" data-original-width="1060" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8RXf1_rNh2evUZRkWReqDSl3lchpymhHVbO0Oh_9tjJahjt-6yjEn4dp4TkNXldlATmCqqouSwpts1g5IkL-MP95F9NNNFMDuRwwbD_re6VXHYlmri9ZTar4W4NWMg9sK850sI-InQCy9debEkW3HRt0MqHgpiFERaMCznhDJqsULyrCUsck4cPHBug/s320/Mary%20Springer%20Morrison.png" width="223" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mary Springer Morrison (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Not long after the birth of their first child, Amanda, Robert moved his family to Spotsylvania County. Their first home was on Gordon Road near two other New Castle County natives, his brother-in-law William L. Armstrong and his son, Benjamin Armstrong. In fact, most of Robert's brothers had moved to Spotsylvania during the 1850s. In time, these hardworking families made significant contributions to the civic and economic life of their adopted community. In the near-term, however, they had to endure the hatred and suspicion of their secessionist neighbors, who were unable to abide any show of loyalty to the United States. The intensity of the persecution reached the point that most of the Morrisons and Armstrongs were driven into exile. Some returned to Spotsylvania after the war, others decided to stay in friendlier surroundings. Robert and his family apparently spent some of the war years in Alexandria, where the fourth child, Anna Eliza ("Lidie") was born in February 1865. Once the war was over, Robert and Mary and their children returned to Spotsylvania.</p><p> In 1866, Robert bought Apple Lawn, a fine house on what was then known as the Fall Hill Road (today it is known as Bragg Road). Apple Lawn was built in 1859 by Robert's brother, William C. Morrison, a well-regarded building contractor who had been awarded the contract to build the bridges needed on the still unfinished Potomac, Fredericksburg and Piedmont Railroad. </p><p> The Morrisons were faithful members of the Fredericksburg Presbyterian Church, and Robert enjoyed the reputation of being a prosperous and progressive farmer. Like Oliver Eastburn, he served as an officer on the board of the Rappahannock Valley Agricultural and Mechanical Society.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilLoo0j6zyO32rgUpaMhCiu5Nd-MLmtdkbiK0A68IF9ls8amLElxZC1Oxa0tmeQnjpYD3lIcwQH_HjF_4sEFR8pm9H6Md6XPdPS4y1fdAJu4Uagdl1GOASbs1_0ujiEz8OyLHzEzEb-nd-oPXQu1rc9Kk89QUelWr8PCowoJ3XAcMJjyK9nYnkxPbIZA/s960/Pixs%20in%20front%20of%20Apple%20Lawn%20May%201892.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilLoo0j6zyO32rgUpaMhCiu5Nd-MLmtdkbiK0A68IF9ls8amLElxZC1Oxa0tmeQnjpYD3lIcwQH_HjF_4sEFR8pm9H6Md6XPdPS4y1fdAJu4Uagdl1GOASbs1_0ujiEz8OyLHzEzEb-nd-oPXQu1rc9Kk89QUelWr8PCowoJ3XAcMJjyK9nYnkxPbIZA/s320/Pixs%20in%20front%20of%20Apple%20Lawn%20May%201892.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gathering at Apple Lawn, May 1892 (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In May 1892, veterans of the 15th New Jersey Volunteers visited some Civil War sites in the Fredericksburg area with which they were very familiar, such as their old camping ground near White Oak Church in Stafford County, and where they had fought near Salem Church in May 1863. While in Spotsylvania, they visited Apple Lawn, where they posed for a photograph at the front entrance of the house. Shown in the picture above are, standing left to right: Larkin W. Landram (George H. Morrison's business partner); Robert Reed Morrison and his wife Mary; their son George H. Morrison; three daughters of Robert and Mary--Lidie, Ella and Lavenia; and Dr. Joseph Reed Hoffman. Seated are Henry Bynam Hoffman, Judge John Beam Vreeland and Justin Lindsley. A monument dedicated to the 15th New Jersey was erected in 1908 at what is now the intersection of Route 3 and Heatherstone Drive.</p><p> Robert Reed Morrison died suddenly at Apple Lawn on July 9, 1894. He lies buried in the Confederate Cemetery in Fredericksburg.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdLPjtx7hO7vvJzNSplYo2f4VSjIlql6y9ks03hKdz-6MdP-bu3dNkRwrqlregeUyp_uVWNi0x7co4ieHVis4atWE-j2iM1x-LiTARVtrxE56ehoc3aUOUXQbPkRrL5mH1UKQomt-YPmS-Vsr04bXEqjBsHZ_F5ojnQ6WnQdqhukKoikASJzfD-X7TaA/s950/RRM%20obit.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="950" data-original-width="890" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdLPjtx7hO7vvJzNSplYo2f4VSjIlql6y9ks03hKdz-6MdP-bu3dNkRwrqlregeUyp_uVWNi0x7co4ieHVis4atWE-j2iM1x-LiTARVtrxE56ehoc3aUOUXQbPkRrL5mH1UKQomt-YPmS-Vsr04bXEqjBsHZ_F5ojnQ6WnQdqhukKoikASJzfD-X7TaA/s320/RRM%20obit.png" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Obituary of Robert Reed Morrison</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi405nZjckdwzX5ZYwo8FkmfY44yn8_ovmfDZwmIdde0wPbR5fCfHBBGuIvTTSSiPQNKvdY2VNGxi40rJBzY4WClw0SSmjcVD_pgP1V62CElDZnSFlP52ZkwjehT1xWZ4o_Qe_IMDvX5gD53pEtcIcWz_FZdV_TGPqc_FjUxfUilV-4w1mF8b5M5caDHQ/s854/RRM%20momument.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="650" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi405nZjckdwzX5ZYwo8FkmfY44yn8_ovmfDZwmIdde0wPbR5fCfHBBGuIvTTSSiPQNKvdY2VNGxi40rJBzY4WClw0SSmjcVD_pgP1V62CElDZnSFlP52ZkwjehT1xWZ4o_Qe_IMDvX5gD53pEtcIcWz_FZdV_TGPqc_FjUxfUilV-4w1mF8b5M5caDHQ/s320/RRM%20momument.png" width="244" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Monument to Robert and Mary Morrison (Findagrave)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In his will, Robert had bequeathed Apple Lawn to his wife Mary. Mary's daughter, Lidie, married Benjamin Thomas Hall at Apple Lawn on November 23, 1898.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHSC-HNPOBy1wdMdzVBAjaRZJgBkkjQcUYHt3Z2-B6ns1qHMJO172qTqiyoJ2XU7_dwMt0gzjNYIgDVczAQz_xFbPqrghNYqw6GT8ivXUJNFtbrYk6wSb4RciVlYShXEXX_G7pF2rG0_Zjya7_QZM3GLN4rzwDeZI5AKb0PIdMXp4P43RKntjhcUDkcA/s712/Benjamin%20Thomas%20Hall%20&%20Lidie%20Morrison.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="679" data-original-width="712" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHSC-HNPOBy1wdMdzVBAjaRZJgBkkjQcUYHt3Z2-B6ns1qHMJO172qTqiyoJ2XU7_dwMt0gzjNYIgDVczAQz_xFbPqrghNYqw6GT8ivXUJNFtbrYk6wSb4RciVlYShXEXX_G7pF2rG0_Zjya7_QZM3GLN4rzwDeZI5AKb0PIdMXp4P43RKntjhcUDkcA/s320/Benjamin%20Thomas%20Hall%20&%20Lidie%20Morrison.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Benjamin and Lidie Hall (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOgWetFi6FE8M_oyCYp7hR31JBX0nDkee5uIhIKsINZOXAM-uJY60sYhtX0fmM521GvKCq0AG9Xy5YU2ZH8-nXwHPjYVSUwawKnlpPyF3zlyOOqr7NuvNdwIrdNAMYW6e0NpBBKTmP49z8im1xLgLJr8CNjphvlPHLjebkHZACOHU8_IfusO916zb8_A/s1286/DS%2024%20Nov%201898.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1286" data-original-width="732" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOgWetFi6FE8M_oyCYp7hR31JBX0nDkee5uIhIKsINZOXAM-uJY60sYhtX0fmM521GvKCq0AG9Xy5YU2ZH8-nXwHPjYVSUwawKnlpPyF3zlyOOqr7NuvNdwIrdNAMYW6e0NpBBKTmP49z8im1xLgLJr8CNjphvlPHLjebkHZACOHU8_IfusO916zb8_A/s320/DS%2024%20Nov%201898.png" width="182" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Daily Star, 24 November 1898.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Ben and Lidie made Apple Lawn their home and lived there with Mary Morrison until she died of tuberculosis on April 12, 1900. Ben and Lidie then became the owners of Apple Lawn.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdUNsmPlVnrcWvZoHOgeWgXWVNrvR3qb0ZbjSRmpMAzs3WyhsVMFy8bYNmGXve3m61GUdFz7JFVBhOaywlEuRaX4a6MbP-Bn2fgrWsO9mtko1iD7Sbk945DR_jjOzdXc_dgtIloLywQ9DmKHCWlbwgmjrPVAdWi2amUm4N-ChhYsN4UyjVDrqRktp7_Q/s1368/Ben%20and%20Lidie.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1136" data-original-width="1368" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdUNsmPlVnrcWvZoHOgeWgXWVNrvR3qb0ZbjSRmpMAzs3WyhsVMFy8bYNmGXve3m61GUdFz7JFVBhOaywlEuRaX4a6MbP-Bn2fgrWsO9mtko1iD7Sbk945DR_jjOzdXc_dgtIloLywQ9DmKHCWlbwgmjrPVAdWi2amUm4N-ChhYsN4UyjVDrqRktp7_Q/s320/Ben%20and%20Lidie.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ben and Lidie at Apple Lawn, 1915 (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Ben and Lidie lived at Apple Lawn for the rest of their lives. Lidie died of heart disease at the Stafford home of her niece, Mrs. Norman C. Blake, on January 5, 1950. Ben outlived Lidie by ten years and died at Apple Lawn in circumstances that shocked the community (see footnote at the end of this article *).</p><p><br /></p><p> George Huston Morrison, the second youngest child of Robert and Mary Morrison, was born at Apple Lawn on April 1, 1867. Even at a young age, George showed some of the traits that would define him in the years to come--a keen intellect, an entrepreneurial spirit and the energy and foresight to realize his aspirations. </p><p> By 1889, George Morrison was working as an apprentice to an uncle who was an architect in Chevy Chase, Maryland. That same year he was given the responsibility to assist in the decorating of the newly built Church of the Covenant in Washington, D.C. He took a correspondence course in architecture and acquired a number of books on the subject. </p><p> Soon enough, however, he understood that the life an architect was not his true calling. He already was laying plans for a new venture when he returned home to Apple Lawn. He first had to overcome a bout with typhoid fever, as was reported in the Free Lance in August 1890. Three weeks later, the same newspaper announced his plans to build a spoke factory on what is now Lafayette Boulevard on property he bought from J.T. Lowery near the depot of the Potomac, Fredericksburg and Piedmont Railtoad.</p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigNuGPYBzu9HWlGRMAKsGwImdctVV8qBPfEyewjEez65b5P8XJJwSHd2S7lBumBX3uDAV7ARBN9P1Yp_Zxr0kfDEH-YDc1ozGRtdme2JHKk9OyY-soAFvFM-i-Ja5bdrEf3wx-vglhVlo3MAqW--_PwyumPFmcI6krRsSV3gnQWPJIrCW4OmcY4OJBOw/s1520/Larkin%20W.%20Landram.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1520" data-original-width="962" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigNuGPYBzu9HWlGRMAKsGwImdctVV8qBPfEyewjEez65b5P8XJJwSHd2S7lBumBX3uDAV7ARBN9P1Yp_Zxr0kfDEH-YDc1ozGRtdme2JHKk9OyY-soAFvFM-i-Ja5bdrEf3wx-vglhVlo3MAqW--_PwyumPFmcI6krRsSV3gnQWPJIrCW4OmcY4OJBOw/s320/Larkin%20W.%20Landram.png" width="203" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Larkin W. Landram (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> George's partner in this new business, called the Fredericksburg Spokes Works, was one of Fredericksburg's premier wagon makers, Larkin W. Landram. Together, these men created a company that sold their products internationally.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfPRqeXZWlnRCW5ODaAioc-WTC3uk5sLWMtamCMmy2q4QrQmUM46mtSJ6RrfS6wsd-s9RFGID5gVTfX5LYsOjI-IPa1vGxfV7RDisSuZ3p3aXbJc83npy-BdoVQ_P62xvPujV_Qsoy7SJFOXOfNL_ofR4Xr_x5LV3LeOEEcdZvccfY09tTLK0plug0EQ/s784/RTD%2017%20Jun%201906.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="784" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfPRqeXZWlnRCW5ODaAioc-WTC3uk5sLWMtamCMmy2q4QrQmUM46mtSJ6RrfS6wsd-s9RFGID5gVTfX5LYsOjI-IPa1vGxfV7RDisSuZ3p3aXbJc83npy-BdoVQ_P62xvPujV_Qsoy7SJFOXOfNL_ofR4Xr_x5LV3LeOEEcdZvccfY09tTLK0plug0EQ/s320/RTD%2017%20Jun%201906.png" width="245" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3mIjvZ2D0G320QH75DsbcKhUyuUNF6trYSK5JVs1Vz_LSd1uXXigskLKMu7NJNYbdq2RqY1qkBQnY9GfUSXgdihc9jqDxAzt_J4cMkv3XnE7f-8H4tNa64Mo870Tmn8gCjce02j81Bjmm4ORcnPf8E6eXT0s0Hcvb34JVcpzF0UajNLnznKop45sqjg/s712/RTD%20Jun%201906.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="262" data-original-width="712" height="118" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3mIjvZ2D0G320QH75DsbcKhUyuUNF6trYSK5JVs1Vz_LSd1uXXigskLKMu7NJNYbdq2RqY1qkBQnY9GfUSXgdihc9jqDxAzt_J4cMkv3XnE7f-8H4tNa64Mo870Tmn8gCjce02j81Bjmm4ORcnPf8E6eXT0s0Hcvb34JVcpzF0UajNLnznKop45sqjg/s320/RTD%20Jun%201906.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Richmond Times Dispatch, 17 June 1906<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> George Morrison and Lillian Eastburn exchanged wedding vows at Salem Baptist Church on September 16, 1896. Presiding was Confederate veteran Reverend Walker J. Decker, who was assisted by Reverend B.W. Mebane of the Fredericksburg Presbyterian Church. Their wedding announcement noted that they would be traveling to Saratoga Springs, New York "and other places of interest." The freshly minted bride and groom had their pictures taken at two of those places.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicT1CqpMqFdCrFLz9PwJFOl5HhXfufII2oTPHHDPTR9z5wRoHF8eO2n4Wj01IihwlEpLjzlJQ0WadgbFO1sYyKnYOSz0pSs4fKTjIA6_FI1qntouKT5shIC82FHgE-2E7NA_nswyPUOXBOmjzlcUlR-1jZZ0LYnJqYxxWdWryrpEo0iMdrWVfEia2rOw/s1474/DS%2019%20Sep%201896.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1474" data-original-width="584" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicT1CqpMqFdCrFLz9PwJFOl5HhXfufII2oTPHHDPTR9z5wRoHF8eO2n4Wj01IihwlEpLjzlJQ0WadgbFO1sYyKnYOSz0pSs4fKTjIA6_FI1qntouKT5shIC82FHgE-2E7NA_nswyPUOXBOmjzlcUlR-1jZZ0LYnJqYxxWdWryrpEo0iMdrWVfEia2rOw/s320/DS%2019%20Sep%201896.png" width="127" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAIRsTImQtCXC52nbtqUJL1PMaoNoovAccsvJYj1j2ZQL7ZRDlUXcAvtcYagSCL_rFMuhlniWNM24rnqHYgmJJU1zk2LjgjiFOmwFy07rjfImcjaphsFuzfkI9T7djCU9yL7KhH5xN_CjvNDx4mpCR-ZaRV4vK1cGv8l8AhMOrOa42Q0mR6U1cBPa7YQ/s1524/George%20and%20Lillian,%20Watkins%20Glen.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1524" data-original-width="1228" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAIRsTImQtCXC52nbtqUJL1PMaoNoovAccsvJYj1j2ZQL7ZRDlUXcAvtcYagSCL_rFMuhlniWNM24rnqHYgmJJU1zk2LjgjiFOmwFy07rjfImcjaphsFuzfkI9T7djCU9yL7KhH5xN_CjvNDx4mpCR-ZaRV4vK1cGv8l8AhMOrOa42Q0mR6U1cBPa7YQ/s320/George%20and%20Lillian,%20Watkins%20Glen.png" width="258" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">George and Lillian, on right, at Watkins Glen, N.Y. (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLm9bJGpzrw6-m3G4soDKU3yhY_pQoOENOVtAz31CX8GPJakeUA1TdCjgrykzTBKn2_e0FbDRIuCcCE6qCAnzq2xYYxP1KXLmPcsj8n0hzqB319PA4x59iYXez5WtKJbFW3r8g99haDOWwDK87IiYupbvVVOww-_v8RO4DzqhrqFfs6xz-UeUQMTOEqA/s1444/GH%20Morrison%20%20and%20Lillian%20Eastburn.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1444" data-original-width="880" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLm9bJGpzrw6-m3G4soDKU3yhY_pQoOENOVtAz31CX8GPJakeUA1TdCjgrykzTBKn2_e0FbDRIuCcCE6qCAnzq2xYYxP1KXLmPcsj8n0hzqB319PA4x59iYXez5WtKJbFW3r8g99haDOWwDK87IiYupbvVVOww-_v8RO4DzqhrqFfs6xz-UeUQMTOEqA/s320/GH%20Morrison%20%20and%20Lillian%20Eastburn.png" width="195" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">George and Lillian in Toronto, Canada (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> George and Lillian's first three children--Robert Reed, Anna Elizabeth and William Shakespeare--were born at the "Syndicate House" on Lee Avenue in Fredericksburg. For the first eight years of their marriage, this would be the Morrison home. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> As one would expect, George was active in the civic life of Fredericksburg. He served on the city council, was a member of the Young Men's Business Association and continued to be a devoted member of the Fredericksburg Presbyterian Church, where he would later be elected as ruling elder.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7oTxUz5iQ5jr7ManiGEcnyvhMobEXQQaVULdyeBhv4hau00PlKcJFbmKHWNnnS5NQ9euHRShzIJLGt8lfjoTl8m2ddzANJllqNLKWOJWCsT1lC_FuRPiCPfh_J33zL1_fgtzFz69LoAg6oSmKn_CPoMII8h8B7vIUUNQHeIhtc0cqMHMLrvmLxhcvNg/s1936/GH%20Morrison%20church%20elder.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1512" data-original-width="1936" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7oTxUz5iQ5jr7ManiGEcnyvhMobEXQQaVULdyeBhv4hau00PlKcJFbmKHWNnnS5NQ9euHRShzIJLGt8lfjoTl8m2ddzANJllqNLKWOJWCsT1lC_FuRPiCPfh_J33zL1_fgtzFz69LoAg6oSmKn_CPoMII8h8B7vIUUNQHeIhtc0cqMHMLrvmLxhcvNg/s320/GH%20Morrison%20church%20elder.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">George H. Morrison, ruling elder (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> After the death of Oliver Eastburn in 1903, the decision had been made that Hazelwood would become the home of George and Lillian. Before he could get clear title to the farm, however, there was still the ongoing litigation regarding Oliver's unpaid notes. While that was still pending, George hired a crew to harvest some timber at Hazelwood. Word of this activity got back to Mr. Buckingham, David Eastburn's executor. He obtained an injunction preventing George from doing any more of this until he was the actual owner. Soon thereafter, these difficulties were cleared up and in 1904 George paid $9,500 to the estate of Oliver Eastburn and became the owner of the property where Lillian been born and raised.</p><br /><p></p><p> For the next several years, the business of the Fredericksburg Spokes Works seemed to be in turmoil as George's attention shifted away from manufacturing to farming. A number of newspaper article regarding that changes would be made at the spokes works, and then apparently unmade:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaaXrgrkvka0wDoBxxTx51iIyyhxYBFmCTyJGz84ZXX8JCsDg3O_TImlbr1WWyrR00blj_QB8zAfmeh0jL8x-5DUMvqASB2lrnuqzxLkp9ONYoohwOo6bJrHBgOrJqwA2YukNseSgB9Vwr7H0IPxsuIDg0dH5yIvV8KTKKs0rwflEFrgn18YxFY9aAYQ/s1068/FL%2013%20Jan%201906.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1068" data-original-width="460" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaaXrgrkvka0wDoBxxTx51iIyyhxYBFmCTyJGz84ZXX8JCsDg3O_TImlbr1WWyrR00blj_QB8zAfmeh0jL8x-5DUMvqASB2lrnuqzxLkp9ONYoohwOo6bJrHBgOrJqwA2YukNseSgB9Vwr7H0IPxsuIDg0dH5yIvV8KTKKs0rwflEFrgn18YxFY9aAYQ/s320/FL%2013%20Jan%201906.png" width="138" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Free Lance, 13 January 1906<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF7pOptlThW-p-KI9xr5DAwncW2Zf69Zx3j01ChIEGgXPMUt8fuy_Qf9Qxhf2A62raA7VOaiVnt21mMSROfHBhIJiHk-pxl8HaVCAWyi4ysZdiSxoTIUIaTDy157qaKixBSNp_51S4bvXKc3w9kaH2d34zN72J0DFERZOluC8PyxylSRGy1HxocyUKlg/s558/FL%206%20Feb%201906.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="390" data-original-width="558" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF7pOptlThW-p-KI9xr5DAwncW2Zf69Zx3j01ChIEGgXPMUt8fuy_Qf9Qxhf2A62raA7VOaiVnt21mMSROfHBhIJiHk-pxl8HaVCAWyi4ysZdiSxoTIUIaTDy157qaKixBSNp_51S4bvXKc3w9kaH2d34zN72J0DFERZOluC8PyxylSRGy1HxocyUKlg/s320/FL%206%20Feb%201906.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Free Lance, 6 February 1906<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGOvBewTVXobjwfXQaQBsDNEo9g8rdpVUrNj7ruz3PgpAOvVvhJYu1jUebp_47rS3qsirjXnPy9Ix_A1pJuFmJdWohAycqFZn1r-q1l3MhsgyAExdJEdCiEti_lhxzxfeTN9Ev-3NUO4KQHWQzZRr2KqyonWfpyq7rL5Pjlic9KalBBeSDUZrXE5KksA/s1354/FL%2025%20Feb%201911.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1354" data-original-width="390" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGOvBewTVXobjwfXQaQBsDNEo9g8rdpVUrNj7ruz3PgpAOvVvhJYu1jUebp_47rS3qsirjXnPy9Ix_A1pJuFmJdWohAycqFZn1r-q1l3MhsgyAExdJEdCiEti_lhxzxfeTN9Ev-3NUO4KQHWQzZRr2KqyonWfpyq7rL5Pjlic9KalBBeSDUZrXE5KksA/s320/FL%2025%20Feb%201911.png" width="92" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Free Lance, 25 February 1911<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkLhvPj2StBi76sACXs9aAHGl1M6g_Bctf78RBI6WC-DCIm-_I0ASp0rygba0-wzZpTX_uT9qj7Xhs2Mq6p64yNE9GTQjlInxbQ3TdqezQF4h1gmBUd2AkJrp1Bbsk3uI8BsqtL1aT02Rn9LAqezxWSJqXIiQzFB2iIa_vR1pSHEbiuIqqJ5K8VLJ9yw/s594/RTD%202%20Mar%201911.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="116" data-original-width="594" height="62" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkLhvPj2StBi76sACXs9aAHGl1M6g_Bctf78RBI6WC-DCIm-_I0ASp0rygba0-wzZpTX_uT9qj7Xhs2Mq6p64yNE9GTQjlInxbQ3TdqezQF4h1gmBUd2AkJrp1Bbsk3uI8BsqtL1aT02Rn9LAqezxWSJqXIiQzFB2iIa_vR1pSHEbiuIqqJ5K8VLJ9yw/s320/RTD%202%20Mar%201911.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Richmond Times-Dispatch, 2 March 1911<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn4CbHwWk0UzlYO2on0sfymtUqAz8ZoTBwpHObiEcAwra5yfJrURCKzBB9oOkhfszQOj80Nz-JkXYuW-jM7E0G4tVbLBql0aAW7UNGdzAK1tN3-xuCFytjTh-o3pu1TSJkcUyn8Oaes_bNaP1Eqq6pfJ5deRuPXfCzVxSL8hUBRCSFrNXiF30YuD89hg/s624/DS%2020%20Jun%201911.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="624" data-original-width="612" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn4CbHwWk0UzlYO2on0sfymtUqAz8ZoTBwpHObiEcAwra5yfJrURCKzBB9oOkhfszQOj80Nz-JkXYuW-jM7E0G4tVbLBql0aAW7UNGdzAK1tN3-xuCFytjTh-o3pu1TSJkcUyn8Oaes_bNaP1Eqq6pfJ5deRuPXfCzVxSL8hUBRCSFrNXiF30YuD89hg/s320/DS%2020%20Jun%201911.png" width="314" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Daily Star, 20 June 1911<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> What became of the spokes works after it was taken over by George and his cousin, Fredericksburg merchant Thomas Fell Morrison, is not known. </p><p> After the Morrisons moved to Hazelwood in the autumn of 1904, George set about to remedy a problem that had been going on for some time. There was another Hazelwood farm nearby in Caroline County, and as one might expect the mail to both locations was frequently misdirected. George did a little research and discovered that his farm was originally called Hazelwild, and so he changed the name to to what it is to this day.<br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL5w5cX9_fJ3x6Lgiw5Cd-LcfD-cw5iUIxUvndeo_6GU7_8fTQo8Hoo7V-OT2hEBFrsHsLLoCuQCECbQtiOfiCjbYWpKozeNEfm1tDWQOTGGdq36MUofqzy9FUhDB8Z0VTubapeDcRKTyAIgOF8mhy0JTVP-9Wuj9vOnjX-sMKG0HdapmJGEIV0bSjXw/s1516/Hazelwild%20work.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1166" data-original-width="1516" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL5w5cX9_fJ3x6Lgiw5Cd-LcfD-cw5iUIxUvndeo_6GU7_8fTQo8Hoo7V-OT2hEBFrsHsLLoCuQCECbQtiOfiCjbYWpKozeNEfm1tDWQOTGGdq36MUofqzy9FUhDB8Z0VTubapeDcRKTyAIgOF8mhy0JTVP-9Wuj9vOnjX-sMKG0HdapmJGEIV0bSjXw/s320/Hazelwild%20work.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Farming at Hazelwild (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimU0K9cBsAkaQ2qivbx0ORCzMZOJtGadL-iPaTzHKN5PNPPPXgZ9bdO37jECylHWYmJvRjOVGorxVeQi2iGmBJ1YoEm2claHSeH1d0FhbqL9fOAHxlbVKbwArm1_8mp1-18838zDm3OkRww_dayJM6FQIS7d5688FB0iEZDKTteDj5GN2qrVk7KQqSNg/s1770/Hazelwild%20milking%20parlor.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1224" data-original-width="1770" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimU0K9cBsAkaQ2qivbx0ORCzMZOJtGadL-iPaTzHKN5PNPPPXgZ9bdO37jECylHWYmJvRjOVGorxVeQi2iGmBJ1YoEm2claHSeH1d0FhbqL9fOAHxlbVKbwArm1_8mp1-18838zDm3OkRww_dayJM6FQIS7d5688FB0iEZDKTteDj5GN2qrVk7KQqSNg/s320/Hazelwild%20milking%20parlor.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dairy barn at Hazelwild<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> George Morrison grew corn, oats, wheat and hay and raised beef cattle. Later, a modern dairy operation was started and milk was sold to a creamery in Washington, D.C. George and his son William also ran a grain and feed store at 515 William Street:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWRGpjSHH9mEdywMdUZtaOHCYBEp5PBORlCS4RZw9KR_yUoiRUEsp6u4PGfT1s_-inAsq9g8GzQ9jmzbmhazMVGzb-zlrM2yJwOC97nMnJMUOWju0KlNcmeOF9vC8CLhKjPVnChsiKyqPL3-Q3ic9DFBIGju3NFnRrAKoGqyK1M3po96V0v1fgB6Ftfw/s2086/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-25%20at%208.40.30%20AM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1208" data-original-width="2086" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWRGpjSHH9mEdywMdUZtaOHCYBEp5PBORlCS4RZw9KR_yUoiRUEsp6u4PGfT1s_-inAsq9g8GzQ9jmzbmhazMVGzb-zlrM2yJwOC97nMnJMUOWju0KlNcmeOF9vC8CLhKjPVnChsiKyqPL3-Q3ic9DFBIGju3NFnRrAKoGqyK1M3po96V0v1fgB6Ftfw/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-25%20at%208.40.30%20AM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Family portrait taken in 1915. The couple standing at left are Archibald Armstrong and his wife Ellen. Next to them are Lidie and Ben Morrison. Sitting with the children are Lillian and George Morrison.<br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj3vSHaJz75D5MkloFTudTSOWO4PYKBt0xuKkjv0_xPv9O_uAJijcyw_fuv93bvnKrGSzYXA2IEzE6h1YAcihtTuB43wgGpsJA8_DBY7ZcES390NLN_eY3GBYKl0f0O5cgGKJ0wn52c9IYzuyhlsz0kXnIjYYtZovQ3AgkkTRuIerBYk2M7eSjLaP4aQ/s1128/Hazelwild%201915.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="806" data-original-width="1128" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj3vSHaJz75D5MkloFTudTSOWO4PYKBt0xuKkjv0_xPv9O_uAJijcyw_fuv93bvnKrGSzYXA2IEzE6h1YAcihtTuB43wgGpsJA8_DBY7ZcES390NLN_eY3GBYKl0f0O5cgGKJ0wn52c9IYzuyhlsz0kXnIjYYtZovQ3AgkkTRuIerBYk2M7eSjLaP4aQ/s320/Hazelwild%201915.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Perhaps because of the violent weather experienced at Hazelwild (such as the destruction of Oliver Eastburn's barn in 1896), George Morrison was for a number of years the official weather observer for the Fredericksburg area. He kept a a variety of weather instruments on the farm.</p><p> In 1917, a tornado struck the house, tearing off most of the roof and twisting the bottom floor. The original house was very well built with hand-hewn beams, wrought iron nails and wooden pegs. But it was too badly damaged to be saved and was rebuilt to the appearance familiar to visitors today. The Morrisons lived in servants' quarters while the house was rebuilt.<br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6De27qYWJ9hppIs_CvkfJ4YXmMLoD1YND790kKsDahdwV7Per3py_PmaVTSzUmS06MHifZuD9c-Ig0at47a8iZ9cRqJ9SoBzXaKs6V9FMLHErEg6hdIAUzbOG4TF9pC0-yYzUYed1ws0n7Fw4J4j68DxqKwRkTEnKxQt_L_omZmksZol2CdJmxmUOHw/s1214/Hazelwild%20reconstruction.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="810" data-original-width="1214" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6De27qYWJ9hppIs_CvkfJ4YXmMLoD1YND790kKsDahdwV7Per3py_PmaVTSzUmS06MHifZuD9c-Ig0at47a8iZ9cRqJ9SoBzXaKs6V9FMLHErEg6hdIAUzbOG4TF9pC0-yYzUYed1ws0n7Fw4J4j68DxqKwRkTEnKxQt_L_omZmksZol2CdJmxmUOHw/s320/Hazelwild%20reconstruction.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rebuilding the house at Hazelwild, 1917 (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Mother Nature took one more swing at Hazelwild in 1931 when lightning struck one of the barns:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX2wIi7IJTaIr2fWEy4g7OWv68BdH7JL_wgrcYR4o_7SLS9qT3x8HGxvYoABjT-ypGFj1ahqq1gLVblOEzPhWjFQjVg3939Yds279WX3WJVQg7BFyQlyzNnI-TbqylXKUptF_YVhoDBTxD-NwbwP9yEq2AH_rg-TMcANtl6Psjvh_0RvIIpBVWlPXzNg/s734/FLS%2024%20Jul%201931.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="734" data-original-width="550" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX2wIi7IJTaIr2fWEy4g7OWv68BdH7JL_wgrcYR4o_7SLS9qT3x8HGxvYoABjT-ypGFj1ahqq1gLVblOEzPhWjFQjVg3939Yds279WX3WJVQg7BFyQlyzNnI-TbqylXKUptF_YVhoDBTxD-NwbwP9yEq2AH_rg-TMcANtl6Psjvh_0RvIIpBVWlPXzNg/s320/FLS%2024%20Jul%201931.png" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Free Lance-Star, 24 July 1931</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9YEHQrw8yTjD87bJLRSmDoF3x_9eIj_vLfKiF-zoMqbnHAmzmRHdP1o_DHahnIabqYskHmZd80p7neN0N6C1qGcqroG0dRnXyZUdPCmaVLBr8fTyNY_5l3bvC0IKyHowTSfzTTnXK59FaLE0u-lWDy41S-Vyo73meBL-RS2y4ckMbKMggfwFyup3l4w/s1106/Lightning%201.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1106" data-original-width="740" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9YEHQrw8yTjD87bJLRSmDoF3x_9eIj_vLfKiF-zoMqbnHAmzmRHdP1o_DHahnIabqYskHmZd80p7neN0N6C1qGcqroG0dRnXyZUdPCmaVLBr8fTyNY_5l3bvC0IKyHowTSfzTTnXK59FaLE0u-lWDy41S-Vyo73meBL-RS2y4ckMbKMggfwFyup3l4w/s320/Lightning%201.png" width="214" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lightning damage at Hazelwild, 1931 (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghUCyS4n_NtKDqSlTqbGmid53UUFyUWwZxwNW3txFt0nu67yS-WqSqSL2CY8lFlQHx0ygz9ECA04HjQs1pno-2YGEVn6IT5sMsdMAwzPns21gkaBGHcqpWonMcfQtc5xen61gAC5ndv6fZJTyOZUb6WvjrfzVnTawqy4QJ_67CI3dAO_-hkG8z1LbGlQ/s1486/Lighting%202.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1486" data-original-width="1094" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghUCyS4n_NtKDqSlTqbGmid53UUFyUWwZxwNW3txFt0nu67yS-WqSqSL2CY8lFlQHx0ygz9ECA04HjQs1pno-2YGEVn6IT5sMsdMAwzPns21gkaBGHcqpWonMcfQtc5xen61gAC5ndv6fZJTyOZUb6WvjrfzVnTawqy4QJ_67CI3dAO_-hkG8z1LbGlQ/s320/Lighting%202.png" width="236" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lightning damage at Hazelwild, 1931 (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> George and Lillian Morrison's second child, Anna Elizabeth, was born at the "Syndicate House" on Lee Avenue in Fredericksburg on October 16, 1901. In an interview she gave to Janey Brown in 1992, Elizabeth Morrison said she could still remember playing in that house. The house had a dumbwaiter, and her brother Robert would put her in it and ride her up and down.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> When Elizabeth and her brothers Robert and William were old enough to begin their education, they attended a private school in Fredericksburg. The three children rode to town from Hazelwild in a buggy, with Robert in charge of the reins. They were students at the school on Caroline Street taught by Charles Henry Wissner. Elizabeth remembered Mr. Wissner as "very learned, but not a very thorough teacher". </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Being the daughter of the prosperous George Morrison had certain advantages. As a young girl, her parents brought her to a dental specialist in Philadelphia to be fitted with braces. In an age when car ownership was still a comparative rarity, Elizabeth learned to drive a car while in her teens.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Living on a farm also gave Elizabeth opportunities to develop skills that she one day would stand her in good stead when she began study for a career in medicine. For example, while still a teenager she operated on a pig suffering with a hernia and saved its life.<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> Elizabeth attended high school at the Fredericksburg Public School, which was a training school affiliated with the Fredericksburg Normal and Industrial School, the forerunner of the University of Mary Washington. From there she enrolled in the Normal School. She graduated in 1921 with a degree in household arts.<br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4bwvPTWcxv9jBFr4nAfGG7veRCtRDW-OVYHLhBQ-3TXjMT5hfz4X3ACBojQvbYa5txsfCWOCG-yFSTUjBBDFFVUYEPRiCtibA7X2NCvy4Tx222OJF1-fZRvCSG4vVAynqP17rNiqugwfordyLYtdxc9QvKh2qrHQ2ImZh-s46pgYKkhdTip51xWpkJQ/s1156/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-06%20at%202.37.34%20PM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1156" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4bwvPTWcxv9jBFr4nAfGG7veRCtRDW-OVYHLhBQ-3TXjMT5hfz4X3ACBojQvbYa5txsfCWOCG-yFSTUjBBDFFVUYEPRiCtibA7X2NCvy4Tx222OJF1-fZRvCSG4vVAynqP17rNiqugwfordyLYtdxc9QvKh2qrHQ2ImZh-s46pgYKkhdTip51xWpkJQ/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-06%20at%202.37.34%20PM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Senior picture of Elizabeth Morrison, 1921 (Ancestry.com)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> <br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> A few years later, she returned to her alma mater, now called the State Teachers College of Fredericksburg, and received her bachelors degree in physical education.</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN3SWNbuql26-mFwxtxni90-R7g1hyyZPs0alGWMxilZ8B_-KwDmCad7fH6XnF72MpnClUSWmQAZf3QvGc19fpaLTFYeN-8Qd5LvQ7BTJVySVM8qMyoKQ8wdHJWFmcZAkZni3YtGMz72clbK9PSz1bmNSCf64Ze2r3U-w4cA3wR6eozpPT7CmTbQGxOQ/s1842/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-06%20at%204.32.35%20PM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1220" data-original-width="1842" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN3SWNbuql26-mFwxtxni90-R7g1hyyZPs0alGWMxilZ8B_-KwDmCad7fH6XnF72MpnClUSWmQAZf3QvGc19fpaLTFYeN-8Qd5LvQ7BTJVySVM8qMyoKQ8wdHJWFmcZAkZni3YtGMz72clbK9PSz1bmNSCf64Ze2r3U-w4cA3wR6eozpPT7CmTbQGxOQ/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-06%20at%204.32.35%20PM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Elizabeth Morrison, 1926 (Ancestry.com)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> <br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> In the period between earning her two degrees, Elizabeth taught elementary school in Bowling Green and Fairfax. After her graduation in 1926, she taught a year in Bristol, Virginia and a year in Silver Spring Maryland. Elizabeth then spent a year in the master's program at the University of Wisconsin, studying physiology.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Before she finished her degree at Wisconsin, Elizabeth was contacted by Pearl Hicks, who had been her mentor at the State Teachers College. Miss Hicks had recently founded the Washington School of Physical Education in the District of Columbia, and she invited Elizabeth to join the faculty. She taught there for several years, during which time she too pre-med courses in preparation for attending the medical school at George Washington University. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Unfortunately, that never came to pass. Elizabeth's mother suffered a stroke, and she returned to Hazelwild to care for her. In time, her mother began to improve, and Elizabeth began teaching a couple of days a week at the recently opened Spotsylvania High School. Soon, she was teaching full time there and was the first teacher with a degree in physical education at the high school. She taught all the girls' physical education courses, coached all of the girls' teams and, of course, attended all their games. This was at a time when the same responsibility for the boys was shared by 2-3 men. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> There are a number of photographs of Elizabeth during her years at Spotsylvania High School. The one shown below is that of the 1946 basketball team. My mother is directly in front of Miss Morrison:</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpoxIRQN6llTIBJ6v2twt4rdgIzEV1OrhgLIDhzqqLJ0326fsFdtqUl7hc8fIesGR0jsvJhQWXF-ecSncs6LTk69nb0-Uif-BxZK9QmmhOAOl1ozvLgdJuY8duzQ9g1fuzkoA-BFrFuF4yGxB7ZK41C6ST3PHG0gUshitLsZmzRiSo5bCoeqG-C20Ugw/s1280/Judy's%20basketball%20team.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1032" data-original-width="1280" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpoxIRQN6llTIBJ6v2twt4rdgIzEV1OrhgLIDhzqqLJ0326fsFdtqUl7hc8fIesGR0jsvJhQWXF-ecSncs6LTk69nb0-Uif-BxZK9QmmhOAOl1ozvLgdJuY8duzQ9g1fuzkoA-BFrFuF4yGxB7ZK41C6ST3PHG0gUshitLsZmzRiSo5bCoeqG-C20Ugw/s320/Judy's%20basketball%20team.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvSj3asO9jy46acBQdmvgZOtEHzwD3O6D56-TRo6aDq0vGcNB8L0kmbB3pkzVws6YRR5G93b7MGVpuQGHsGTNMqGhpcKW929IkLoArtECnx_a1byB_ny6kaO0dkethgSrtG9D5i-NdMk0DU214k_vZOoW82oRtgjfu4xqOxFl34LCNTsnC0XIKmczLZQ/s641/1946%20basketball%20team%20names.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="641" data-original-width="471" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvSj3asO9jy46acBQdmvgZOtEHzwD3O6D56-TRo6aDq0vGcNB8L0kmbB3pkzVws6YRR5G93b7MGVpuQGHsGTNMqGhpcKW929IkLoArtECnx_a1byB_ny6kaO0dkethgSrtG9D5i-NdMk0DU214k_vZOoW82oRtgjfu4xqOxFl34LCNTsnC0XIKmczLZQ/s320/1946%20basketball%20team%20names.jpeg" width="235" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> The 1948 basketball team:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigoY5VO8u4mD_hFmx2-UEO_7jYAIWjfShXujTelxCqETDELjF1g5T_V5pc6nQDRVQgPjDyzrgfBzgNLDBRpQ1t6qLlo85yzSmokMTsqdW7gdxP5rnhkeuoGgyMHfcTaG3kyXMexcGmJ72Qmc6IbD7TZpJa31qSg9kDSamwu_iR_d-Es9ddQtZl509Ytw/s960/Spotsy%20basketball%20team%201947-48.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="649" data-original-width="960" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigoY5VO8u4mD_hFmx2-UEO_7jYAIWjfShXujTelxCqETDELjF1g5T_V5pc6nQDRVQgPjDyzrgfBzgNLDBRpQ1t6qLlo85yzSmokMTsqdW7gdxP5rnhkeuoGgyMHfcTaG3kyXMexcGmJ72Qmc6IbD7TZpJa31qSg9kDSamwu_iR_d-Es9ddQtZl509Ytw/s320/Spotsy%20basketball%20team%201947-48.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Courtesy of Vickie Neely)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4-DuWm9daPwv1Iq7WT0Miuqs_OhD7mm8tkSUYF95ZR4wo5EC2cFCA5mefbDH1yZsEzl3A3fSnZGVjfSkq4KhlgUg-E9Bjvj0wmjyDn3RDrIweSENmYvkS4fijuT10zt_7CJ8KTBB135d_EQSTeSs9F9_lXOs4f-M7Y4frraM7MCZ4gHLAIYLEyIqdKg/s844/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-08%20at%206.40.11%20AM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="204" data-original-width="844" height="77" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4-DuWm9daPwv1Iq7WT0Miuqs_OhD7mm8tkSUYF95ZR4wo5EC2cFCA5mefbDH1yZsEzl3A3fSnZGVjfSkq4KhlgUg-E9Bjvj0wmjyDn3RDrIweSENmYvkS4fijuT10zt_7CJ8KTBB135d_EQSTeSs9F9_lXOs4f-M7Y4frraM7MCZ4gHLAIYLEyIqdKg/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-08%20at%206.40.11%20AM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Courtesy of Vickie Neely)</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> The girls' baseball team, about 1945. My mother is sitting at far left and holding a bat:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimyzXG6aBEUbEcyK7Smj2BIuT00AGhmKp29mntROD4xllxvbQ7bAK7FJFl2HCFrWiWDn-BA-0idE8tk2_UUbTQGUHv038v2G4ZkLzJwQZQVIpSP56rG46uwJsRFzxMAmmA8AJqjX3cwF4sJ89Dq1JbCTT5Ssw4K57A-fj0exYSPPm-T0_WY3Fps4N5HQ/s1024/Image-2.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="739" data-original-width="1024" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimyzXG6aBEUbEcyK7Smj2BIuT00AGhmKp29mntROD4xllxvbQ7bAK7FJFl2HCFrWiWDn-BA-0idE8tk2_UUbTQGUHv038v2G4ZkLzJwQZQVIpSP56rG46uwJsRFzxMAmmA8AJqjX3cwF4sJ89Dq1JbCTT5Ssw4K57A-fj0exYSPPm-T0_WY3Fps4N5HQ/s320/Image-2.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Courtesy of Vickie Neely)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> The following pictures are from the 1955 and 1958 yearbooks of Spotsylvania High School:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhORjN4KOLBW1eobDOP_powxLZlY8HDCrgjFS0cp3ZJ-ZvjBlolrCdj0p7-0gFNs32OlmBstHxeY-gJjJwEODEyq3rKbDKA-VuS9UnVKcAAWHprcnPRZsiVnVQ4dE22STJWZcI4Pt9sxbTuVMhACWTDgHD0f-t5qmRzDzxUTjHW9vG2XzAFK1fnufdzpw/s1738/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-08%20at%206.58.36%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1398" data-original-width="1738" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhORjN4KOLBW1eobDOP_powxLZlY8HDCrgjFS0cp3ZJ-ZvjBlolrCdj0p7-0gFNs32OlmBstHxeY-gJjJwEODEyq3rKbDKA-VuS9UnVKcAAWHprcnPRZsiVnVQ4dE22STJWZcI4Pt9sxbTuVMhACWTDgHD0f-t5qmRzDzxUTjHW9vG2XzAFK1fnufdzpw/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-08%20at%206.58.36%20AM.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3MYSnrOrPBKS6V3i_A0vrEctBnADll0ImCcERwVeC11FbnEvmdaEl_rvXg3jeeC9zaa1RjVcVoxY99Tk4aTcGINIQIk6wgHgMxOuQE2EKjMpKeJtHW_0MW4HRizuukg9c0N-gaarqF7OvcygI8oGFIvfNGqfsLoYq_mTrE5p1XCo-qoeH0f3WzvNWHw/s1272/SHS%201955.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1272" data-original-width="1262" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3MYSnrOrPBKS6V3i_A0vrEctBnADll0ImCcERwVeC11FbnEvmdaEl_rvXg3jeeC9zaa1RjVcVoxY99Tk4aTcGINIQIk6wgHgMxOuQE2EKjMpKeJtHW_0MW4HRizuukg9c0N-gaarqF7OvcygI8oGFIvfNGqfsLoYq_mTrE5p1XCo-qoeH0f3WzvNWHw/s320/SHS%201955.png" width="317" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1YcQOMlaL-NHGXX7jH_MH38s4VUZKcaQOyzX-57sAkjtoIdx-YXdfQoICAK4tCbjfSb3nC85cf2-0WMJrH-7C5Ck-aYZfKxBrgJk131mNgb6IwN79medPVoM1hUIL-Zv0lN_eF1hh5HVIKQKy3rEpCzaIcoIXGmoObB0h3rWP3pp4BY_diGD59yT0YQ/s1140/SHS%201958.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1140" data-original-width="894" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1YcQOMlaL-NHGXX7jH_MH38s4VUZKcaQOyzX-57sAkjtoIdx-YXdfQoICAK4tCbjfSb3nC85cf2-0WMJrH-7C5Ck-aYZfKxBrgJk131mNgb6IwN79medPVoM1hUIL-Zv0lN_eF1hh5HVIKQKy3rEpCzaIcoIXGmoObB0h3rWP3pp4BY_diGD59yT0YQ/s320/SHS%201958.png" width="251" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxli3Ue2rU04q5QGTCrt5EHnaJWKlClBOMLmvJYaMmtJi4eN8Y6cgY0PM3ZlnE6m_YQPt9zsRAiQSAbkjWyfozCWKW4xIGXriCARInH8J77ResP9r1mjquS-PEIc6zX-SAjcKeU3pYZCMaUkepFvqhPnFBsTaHo5n7ZHHzCDMx46joJ84UndP-g0gxXQ/s2388/Sissy%201955.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1266" data-original-width="2388" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxli3Ue2rU04q5QGTCrt5EHnaJWKlClBOMLmvJYaMmtJi4eN8Y6cgY0PM3ZlnE6m_YQPt9zsRAiQSAbkjWyfozCWKW4xIGXriCARInH8J77ResP9r1mjquS-PEIc6zX-SAjcKeU3pYZCMaUkepFvqhPnFBsTaHo5n7ZHHzCDMx46joJ84UndP-g0gxXQ/s320/Sissy%201955.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrg9e66Q-lVS8fZ7UF5QA_WAI51g1IehtFcYlPcAZCoG1vKn2IvN3xLwkx2hOPZchddkNbIM17aeW0VXmYQn-cebzRVJ2lKZslrncH-Y6zJVtOTnBK1DgQ78afYLzdLF3JuhGHK_Hbe2a-U0C2zGoPIaa14oJDxk7Wnv_BWcR9uF_4AML7qh3X_6fdbQ/s2418/Spotsy%201955.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1296" data-original-width="2418" height="172" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrg9e66Q-lVS8fZ7UF5QA_WAI51g1IehtFcYlPcAZCoG1vKn2IvN3xLwkx2hOPZchddkNbIM17aeW0VXmYQn-cebzRVJ2lKZslrncH-Y6zJVtOTnBK1DgQ78afYLzdLF3JuhGHK_Hbe2a-U0C2zGoPIaa14oJDxk7Wnv_BWcR9uF_4AML7qh3X_6fdbQ/s320/Spotsy%201955.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgayahjfHQruzNQ54C1ukFd6BhDeYiyk5uJpWJjBjgjs1QceXpI-wlGdoVsa_-uYQEpLr9IH2JeZAYrVz1iGU0MDwJYODdmhfoKPN90XpdIYRGnyeNkPDInZj0WrOloGGRcTdBchZTqG39EvpCR7_iclhIvYCJSqKf_JPCEproJEopdrU4F2lkO7n9jYQ/s1576/GH%20and%20Lillian.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1078" data-original-width="1576" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgayahjfHQruzNQ54C1ukFd6BhDeYiyk5uJpWJjBjgjs1QceXpI-wlGdoVsa_-uYQEpLr9IH2JeZAYrVz1iGU0MDwJYODdmhfoKPN90XpdIYRGnyeNkPDInZj0WrOloGGRcTdBchZTqG39EvpCR7_iclhIvYCJSqKf_JPCEproJEopdrU4F2lkO7n9jYQ/s320/GH%20and%20Lillian.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">George and Lillian Morrison (Rich Morrison)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> Both of Elizabeth's parents died at Hazelwild of broncho-pneumonia while she was still teaching at Spotsylvania High School. George passed away on January 28, 1953; Lillian on March 6 1956. They are buried at Oak Hill Cemetery. After their deaths, Elizabeth became the owner of Hazelwild, as she was the only one of their children willing to take on the challenge of operating the farm. <br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> In 1950, Elizabeth decided to start a summer day camp at Hazelwild for children. In 1960, she retired from teaching at Spotsylvania to start a day school at Hazelwild. During her first year in "retirement," she taught a course in health education at Mary Washington College. Then she devoted herself full time to running the farm, the school and the summer camp. Hazelwild today also includes a first-rate equestrian facility utilized by the University of Mary Washington <br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> One day about 1960 while walking her property, she came across a crew cutting down her trees. She told them that they were on her property, and they said that they were making preparations for the new highway (I-95) that would soon be built. At that point, Elizabeth had not been contacted by anyone regarding the presence of this crew, and she saw them off the property. Condemnation proceedings were begun, and she was offered $13,000 for a 25-acre slice of her land. Not satisfied with that amount, she hired a lawyer and was ultimately given twice that amount.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmYsEEqeuK9uc4uBzSyP4oFVcbzkJv1oFBfTS3xmT8Inl97l5C61_CQoGZnsK_mnIsBvr6poQ6LfRsTkethDE6CJQdwm9RQOBrfu4z-a4dVKDgV3HZaad4vnYy-HDQz4hsyXpXGWkM8fTlIcZ3KjzHPTTFeulfnrXTBfP9wzMcvBeo9GWMFtkxs5-8gQ/s1556/85%20aerial.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1082" data-original-width="1556" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmYsEEqeuK9uc4uBzSyP4oFVcbzkJv1oFBfTS3xmT8Inl97l5C61_CQoGZnsK_mnIsBvr6poQ6LfRsTkethDE6CJQdwm9RQOBrfu4z-a4dVKDgV3HZaad4vnYy-HDQz4hsyXpXGWkM8fTlIcZ3KjzHPTTFeulfnrXTBfP9wzMcvBeo9GWMFtkxs5-8gQ/s320/85%20aerial.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hazelwild (<a href="http://www.hazelwild.net/index.html" target="_blank">Camp Hazelwild Memories</a>)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyBBNJ9pRhyNbRot9bEPyBGHEaGkQGcpFe1FBkmNsxAq-u8N1v6wotQeiYJ_I8S_4-McqWJneAlEV3pbhondnXTpbhBfUxEGUDb6XWHmr3_Ayz6iriN9zfMMLWc2DfjlnpJpF0wd4jUnAByDVGxomyoUt7DEdfk33GsudlM6rJfpvWA4sUowJxSuLCxw/s1276/hazelwide%20song%20book.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1276" data-original-width="826" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyBBNJ9pRhyNbRot9bEPyBGHEaGkQGcpFe1FBkmNsxAq-u8N1v6wotQeiYJ_I8S_4-McqWJneAlEV3pbhondnXTpbhBfUxEGUDb6XWHmr3_Ayz6iriN9zfMMLWc2DfjlnpJpF0wd4jUnAByDVGxomyoUt7DEdfk33GsudlM6rJfpvWA4sUowJxSuLCxw/s320/hazelwide%20song%20book.png" width="207" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hazelwild song book (<a href="http://www.hazelwild.net/index.html" target="_blank">Camp Hazelwild Memories)</a><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> In 1988, Elizabeth Morrison was featured in an outstanding article in the Free Lance-Star written by Kim Lancaster:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6v2R21oBVVTn09QpKqi02vivscQ3dYsGw-O10X3lufBf9oNfQh_5mKoKfUyBSf9SsH6SxAH25BPQplUEHldft-o3VEXBw10vl95EtG7_OiCOdXb65KWKNMMlS5lxe_jqx5IUvsQh08i-RG8mDSqvrltd_OnnAWbqjy4H1SsjPZ4BCSr_zxcnenxvL-Q/s933/Sissy%20Morrison%20article.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="933" data-original-width="750" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6v2R21oBVVTn09QpKqi02vivscQ3dYsGw-O10X3lufBf9oNfQh_5mKoKfUyBSf9SsH6SxAH25BPQplUEHldft-o3VEXBw10vl95EtG7_OiCOdXb65KWKNMMlS5lxe_jqx5IUvsQh08i-RG8mDSqvrltd_OnnAWbqjy4H1SsjPZ4BCSr_zxcnenxvL-Q/s320/Sissy%20Morrison%20article.jpeg" width="257" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIKRGXyZGpzkdJg23-IOmRyi5AoYMCuNntnN1Ou-oEyj7IyrnLnuTBu-J9LvpJQwZwUlJ8HDDw1uU6-9o8ML6CTAxGs5n_4Hly5v0JJnLN1WK8WW8fHjw5_zrqH-cQoak4qcFuoc0x8h0vuzpQA82SBFF-EiJCmlJW7MNbLX0Bsy9KpZqQOFXdXI3vbA/s900/Sissy%20morrison%202.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="750" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIKRGXyZGpzkdJg23-IOmRyi5AoYMCuNntnN1Ou-oEyj7IyrnLnuTBu-J9LvpJQwZwUlJ8HDDw1uU6-9o8ML6CTAxGs5n_4Hly5v0JJnLN1WK8WW8fHjw5_zrqH-cQoak4qcFuoc0x8h0vuzpQA82SBFF-EiJCmlJW7MNbLX0Bsy9KpZqQOFXdXI3vbA/s320/Sissy%20morrison%202.jpeg" width="267" /></a></div><p></p><p> In 1983, I believe, Elizabeth established the Hazelwild Farm Education Foundation to ensure that her life's work would continue after her. </p><p> Like her Morrison ancestors, Elizabeth remained a devoted Presbyterian. She was a founding member of the Spotsylvania Presbyterian Church (now called Hope Presbyterian), which had its first meetings at Hazelwild until it could afford to build a church.</p><p> In her 70s and 80s, traveled extensively both in the United States and around the world. <br /></p><p> Elizabeth Morrison received an honorary doctor of humane letters degree from the University of Mary Washington in 1993 for her work with children and young adults at Hazelwild. To name just a few of her activities here, she was a member and past president of the Spotsylvania Women's club, a member of the American Horse Show Association, of the Spotsylvania Farm Bureau and of the National Retired Teachers Association.</p><p> Elizabeth made her will in January 1995. She left generous bequests to her sisters, her nieces and nephews and to her long-time employees. Money was also given to Mary Washington College, Mary Washington Hospital and to the trustees of the Spotsylvania Presbyterian Church. The bulk of her estate, of course, she willed to the Hazelwild Farm Education Foundation.<br /></p><p> Anna Elizabeth Morrison died at home on June 2, 1997 at the age of 95. She lies buried at Oak Hill Cemetery near her parents.</p><p> </p><p>Elizabeth Morrison, seated at right. Her brother Robert is standing at left; brother William at right. Courtesy of Rich Morrison.</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWXgaSnVL6fPlHlZNae4ax6ncdXqAqj77w7NdFlnFz-lpgRnRh5rCsEDuw7O9HkivzMsFDyO7b6cqbnwX8k2TDPZd7IXNZckz0yvy-Fp-K2Q5NRZKWTeldqG5Y8WVkcjGIaaaWJMOpKnjUlqNFmh-6ahSx3zeDTsRMAAF0RnrZBNArPshkMCy79lotKg/s2008/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-08%20at%2010.33.18%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1166" data-original-width="2008" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWXgaSnVL6fPlHlZNae4ax6ncdXqAqj77w7NdFlnFz-lpgRnRh5rCsEDuw7O9HkivzMsFDyO7b6cqbnwX8k2TDPZd7IXNZckz0yvy-Fp-K2Q5NRZKWTeldqG5Y8WVkcjGIaaaWJMOpKnjUlqNFmh-6ahSx3zeDTsRMAAF0RnrZBNArPshkMCy79lotKg/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-08%20at%2010.33.18%20AM.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">______________</p><p style="text-align: left;">*As he did every Sunday morning, on October 16, 1960 Frank Porter drove to Apple Lawn on Bragg Road, the house of his neighbor, 85-year-old Ben T. Hall. He would pick Ben up and they would make the short trip to nearby Salem Baptist Church to attend the morning service. But on this particular day, things would be quite different. When Ben did not appear at the front door as he usually did, Porter took a step inside the door and found Ben's battered body lying on the floor.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Two weeks later, authorities arrested five people in connection with Ben's murder, based on a tip from the nephew of the killers. Two small-time hoodlums from Warren County, Ralph and Lewis Martin, and Lewis's wife Flossie were charged with first degree murder. (Flossie's charge was later reduced). Two other people, Robert Thomas Hillyard and his teenage wife Barbara Ann, were charged as accessories before the fact. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Hillyard had told the Martins that Ben kept large sums of money in a safe he kept in the house. Where he got this notion is not clear. Ben kept his money in a bank in Fredericksburg, and the safe contained a small amount of cash and some personal papers. In the wee hours of October 16, the Martins went to Apple Lawn and knocked on the door. When Ben answered, Lewis knocked him down and looked for the safe while his brother repeated struck Ben with a pipe wrench. They carried the safe back to Warren County and forced it open. The safe contained $198.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> At their trial in February 1961, Lewis Martin was sentenced to life imprisonment. Ralph was given the death penalty. His attorney gave notice that he would appeal Ralph's sentence. Ultimately he was scheduled to be electrocuted on January 12, 1963, but for some reason this did not happen. He died in Warren County in 1996.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><u>Sources</u>:</p><p style="text-align: left;">-My thanks to Elizabeth Morrison's nephew, Rich Morrison, for giving me permission to use photographs from the Hazelwild albums, and for the helpful information he provided.</p><p style="text-align: left;">-Thanks also to Tara Lane, who met Elizabeth Morrison as a young pupil at Hazelwild, which was the start of a lifelong friendship. Tara spent many occasions talking with Elizabeth and served as her caretaker in 1992.</p><p style="text-align: left;">-The will of Elizabeth Morrison, shared with me by Rich Morrison. </p><p style="text-align: left;">-The transcribed interview with Elizabeth Morrison by Janey Brown at Hazelwild on August 30, 1992. Shared with me by Rich Morrison.</p><p style="text-align: left;">-<a href="https://archive.org/details/marywashingtonco16suniv/page/12/mode/2up?view=theater" target="_blank">Mary Washington College Today,1992</a> </p><p style="text-align: left;">-<a href="http://www.hazelwild.net/index.html" target="_blank">Camp Hazelwild Memories</a> </p><p style="text-align: left;">-<a href="https://elcr.org/hazelwild-farm/" target="_blank">Hazelwild Farm (ELCR)</a><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr align="left"><td>-<br /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><div style="margin-left: 120px; text-align: left;"><br /></div><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"> <br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-69110921501324173382022-09-05T14:42:00.001-04:002022-09-05T14:42:10.561-04:00Dowdall's Tavern<p style="text-align: center;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaksr-5ia_NkNY6ew2utxo4IeHthgqroGODckcfviQ2Pc0EIcMmQFdy3c7aL1vBfuKnAMDYevVfMl0fZPcOUptBgFUF1wrt-eQfIQQ_yK2uxdu-Sfe812cxTwtPMHKCHTxqaaI6suuQEqqtCgpnv4ah2hx9rjNvdwA02YBjzZIBuytkN7mHONF7_ZL2w/s815/Dowdall's%20Tavern%20LOC.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="551" data-original-width="815" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaksr-5ia_NkNY6ew2utxo4IeHthgqroGODckcfviQ2Pc0EIcMmQFdy3c7aL1vBfuKnAMDYevVfMl0fZPcOUptBgFUF1wrt-eQfIQQ_yK2uxdu-Sfe812cxTwtPMHKCHTxqaaI6suuQEqqtCgpnv4ah2hx9rjNvdwA02YBjzZIBuytkN7mHONF7_ZL2w/s320/Dowdall's%20Tavern%20LOC.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dowdall's Tavern, April 1866<br /></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p style="text-align: left;"> During the Battle of Chancellorsville, Dowdall's Tavern was located directly in the path of the charging Confederates of General Thomas J. Jackson's Second Corps as they ambushed Union troops on May 2, 1863. Were it not for that fact, several generations of historians would not have written about this place, and it would have long ago faded into obscurity. </p><p style="text-align: center;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg-DUzPi1HId_RPuicDubmubCV-ifavn4IktyBBlCt-RmQhG0gjbzLiNRBupKIIn6v3NNHJNZUunFtsGLbcN8uikvwm5ANTSBS1oFIKdFpUY2ffXFuCinRXv3uqFqzTGts28tbzgJ5VQPvZ6vNCTzIREt7QvMj-2DhUy-OANzEx9awd3PbL0BHbWaQSA/s1970/1820%20map.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1162" data-original-width="1970" height="189" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg-DUzPi1HId_RPuicDubmubCV-ifavn4IktyBBlCt-RmQhG0gjbzLiNRBupKIIn6v3NNHJNZUunFtsGLbcN8uikvwm5ANTSBS1oFIKdFpUY2ffXFuCinRXv3uqFqzTGts28tbzgJ5VQPvZ6vNCTzIREt7QvMj-2DhUy-OANzEx9awd3PbL0BHbWaQSA/s320/1820%20map.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Detail of 1820 map of Spotsylvania County<br /></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p style="text-align: left;"> What became known as Dowdall's tavern was originally the property of the Gatewood family, who owned a tavern there as early as 1792. It was located on the south side of the Orange Turnpike (today's Route 3) just east of modern Wilderness Baptist Church. The map detail above shows the location of the tavern of Henry Gatewood. By the 1820s it was one of three taverns within a short distance on this stretch of road, the other two being Chancellorsville to the east and Wilderness Tavern to the west (which does not appear on this map).</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb6Ow0Ycz9ByABt28dW2wTAH78xpIwopCP5mxgshngjb3H73E_kUHVBY8Ah8i8-4ldsEmRjIjQGlZnusJzyCSKkEB-2yPlfpDKnpq4jdLScWzbqe_-j8kw5BcVYSLZ0Eq54idkdBngMFpqljCm6k03bvFyqzqin-cPToFFcpCivRTMcDKEW5qRH4veKA/s933/New%20Store.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="522" data-original-width="933" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb6Ow0Ycz9ByABt28dW2wTAH78xpIwopCP5mxgshngjb3H73E_kUHVBY8Ah8i8-4ldsEmRjIjQGlZnusJzyCSKkEB-2yPlfpDKnpq4jdLScWzbqe_-j8kw5BcVYSLZ0Eq54idkdBngMFpqljCm6k03bvFyqzqin-cPToFFcpCivRTMcDKEW5qRH4veKA/s320/New%20Store.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">New Store<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Henry Gatewood's relative, Bernard Gatewood, owned a house called "New Store" to the east of the tavern. It was located at the intersection of modern Old Plank and Catharpin roads (known to many locals as "Johnson's corner"). The building known as Dowdall's Tavern was somewhat modified by the time it was photographed in 1866, but it was originally similar in design to New Store.</p><p> After Henry Gatewood died in 1822, his tavern property changed hands a couple of times before it was sold by Cornelius and Mary Guard to Dr. Peter Bowen Dowdall in 1848.</p><p> Dr. Dowdall was born in Fauquier County about 1805 and was educated as a physician. On December 22, 1836 he married a widow, Caroline Kirk Hall, of Rockingham County.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVk-e07NBWaN2Qp579oMtL9N56rOdzT0bEcGwvUmkZpKil-XoC-XviOiURt_j9Ai_06r1qsCY6vqk-3NkRjwupzuuyYZ7-vDGzfUEJScrLNmEDWz6jehe7Vpw3NtLdqi_fj86Ns6ChZfr8Qls3PjweCisdqZ3ZTrprfiR7-ropzXAFa_3nwsiC-GYkUA/s1308/Staunton%20Spectator%2029%20Dec%201836.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="498" data-original-width="1308" height="122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVk-e07NBWaN2Qp579oMtL9N56rOdzT0bEcGwvUmkZpKil-XoC-XviOiURt_j9Ai_06r1qsCY6vqk-3NkRjwupzuuyYZ7-vDGzfUEJScrLNmEDWz6jehe7Vpw3NtLdqi_fj86Ns6ChZfr8Qls3PjweCisdqZ3ZTrprfiR7-ropzXAFa_3nwsiC-GYkUA/s320/Staunton%20Spectator%2029%20Dec%201836.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Staunton Spectator</i>, 29 December 1836<br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p style="text-align: left;"> Peter and Caroline Dowdall had only two children that we know of--Elizabeth Mary, who died young, and Theodore (1845-1878).<br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGqMF11IjqWcYQNt7fJY1Qmuxr6Ysy1wb6_DF6V932Tfy0NbqQWMhqlkA8klma_gtwKgARit2N79_9woxzrWKuGNEPSdaZa_zuCexfYmNf3S4d9W1939VKeVJItxQIzjFQhCNfAMp0qgWTPkgLoHT6eS2iYgFhsIw9CGr5eqBixqUlfXHfxNPFFFkvMw/s680/Staunton%20Spectator%2011%20Nov%201841.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="124" data-original-width="680" height="58" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGqMF11IjqWcYQNt7fJY1Qmuxr6Ysy1wb6_DF6V932Tfy0NbqQWMhqlkA8klma_gtwKgARit2N79_9woxzrWKuGNEPSdaZa_zuCexfYmNf3S4d9W1939VKeVJItxQIzjFQhCNfAMp0qgWTPkgLoHT6eS2iYgFhsIw9CGr5eqBixqUlfXHfxNPFFFkvMw/s320/Staunton%20Spectator%2011%20Nov%201841.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Staunton Spectator</i>, 11 November 1841<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> For reasons lost to history, by the mid 1840s Dr. Dowdall decided to sell his farm in Rockingham County and his property in Harrisonburg. Once he accomplished this, he was ready to buy the former Gatewood property in Spotsylvania.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-HLOfhZLqjT3I12pljt5OMg89Sm2hDtHj1dZo-7dQoku-c-Bxysd-yvKso36qsD78dQ9t9Lfu0qoHxRp80e3Lw1VRPS06YJGDF81IdLThbQwB76u8DdIGv_HOO2EGvZVX9ONj6TTWIhl-E3hPGfj91ges0NlQslgqt2-my9CnXr2v6_lDDYc62xU8bw/s1080/Staunton%20Spectator%202%20Oct%201845.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1020" data-original-width="1080" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-HLOfhZLqjT3I12pljt5OMg89Sm2hDtHj1dZo-7dQoku-c-Bxysd-yvKso36qsD78dQ9t9Lfu0qoHxRp80e3Lw1VRPS06YJGDF81IdLThbQwB76u8DdIGv_HOO2EGvZVX9ONj6TTWIhl-E3hPGfj91ges0NlQslgqt2-my9CnXr2v6_lDDYc62xU8bw/s320/Staunton%20Spectator%202%20Oct%201845.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Staunton Spectator</i>, 2 October 1845<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> When the Dowdall family arrived at their new home on the Orange Turnpike, it was a 331-acre farm with a tavern associated with it. Dr. Dowdall practiced medicine and, with the help of five slaves, did some farming. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9jPDvmHI_-VUjvgvxj8jtnV_9mysiHT7WbjJPMrFmkFu0XkRr8MOvhJ2YP4ETnY_hOqrGiaOtyWP4Uz32MzRl0hlqFOIPslgLyFz5t_RT4dptdpWZIgmfQbIICOX1n2RedEbChDcpnRPqI68NxPh4ovNsv5MWIXFnLFLSQJ8HS_55PSmkA9jdiKffGw/s844/Rich%20Enq%203%20Oct%201854.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="332" data-original-width="844" height="126" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9jPDvmHI_-VUjvgvxj8jtnV_9mysiHT7WbjJPMrFmkFu0XkRr8MOvhJ2YP4ETnY_hOqrGiaOtyWP4Uz32MzRl0hlqFOIPslgLyFz5t_RT4dptdpWZIgmfQbIICOX1n2RedEbChDcpnRPqI68NxPh4ovNsv5MWIXFnLFLSQJ8HS_55PSmkA9jdiKffGw/s320/Rich%20Enq%203%20Oct%201854.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Richmond Enquirer</i>, 3 October 1854<br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> By 1854, Dr. Dowdall once again seemed dissatisfied with his circumstances and, as he had done in Rockingham County, he offered his property for sale. Ultimately, he chose not to do so. That may have been because he saw opportunities in the significant changes occurring at Chancellorsville.</p><p> After it was sold out of the Chancellor family in the early 1840s, Chancellorsville changed hands several times, and continued to change owners for many years to come. In 1854, then owner James Petigrew Chartters (husband of Susan Phillips Chancellor) sold Chancellorsville to John C. Pettus. An 1851 graduate of the University of Virginia, Pettus was a pedagogue who would teach at a number of schools in his lifetime. He began with a school he started at Chancellorsville, which he had renamed Chesney Wold.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpjYHj-0ildclhwlSfre4_Ptm6cAzA-FWP27tkcxcGsRluFk9uPATD5KLksvxCN1rCKi0EXh5hg_323MNR80WFE7Eal60gbxXMHAI7MpxED6vMAuUsOF5sPGqCCelZLepA_NXI-mowCF8A8x5RRy8OWdjIVJwKo5419WUSKZgfTvTMM11lyj1Rk0LlFg/s762/FN%2021%20Jul%201856.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="762" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpjYHj-0ildclhwlSfre4_Ptm6cAzA-FWP27tkcxcGsRluFk9uPATD5KLksvxCN1rCKi0EXh5hg_323MNR80WFE7Eal60gbxXMHAI7MpxED6vMAuUsOF5sPGqCCelZLepA_NXI-mowCF8A8x5RRy8OWdjIVJwKo5419WUSKZgfTvTMM11lyj1Rk0LlFg/s320/FN%2021%20Jul%201856.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Fredericksburg News</i>, 21 July 1856<br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In order to have time to devote to his new school, Pettus gave up the post office and tavern operations at Chancellorsville. Dr. Dowdall lost little time in making the most of these opportunities.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDmf5Ns3QGbzFML3Y6nOe7c0Z5YolpaZbKLRTnit2Uka4fXjhMOm_8h_ql4iHEZmLaSIyr6reCQGOAGGH5hxxz77DOv-YuKbhJG7mZ28UVPZFrZEqbrknHIJ7hrUncl0OU0Bxin0T_Ov2MemCZaZQ0P0T04MozHG0z9N64f77eGy7o7-6zkR_v2ciYaA/s1140/RDD%209%20May%201856.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="1140" height="95" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDmf5Ns3QGbzFML3Y6nOe7c0Z5YolpaZbKLRTnit2Uka4fXjhMOm_8h_ql4iHEZmLaSIyr6reCQGOAGGH5hxxz77DOv-YuKbhJG7mZ28UVPZFrZEqbrknHIJ7hrUncl0OU0Bxin0T_Ov2MemCZaZQ0P0T04MozHG0z9N64f77eGy7o7-6zkR_v2ciYaA/s320/RDD%209%20May%201856.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Richmond Daily Dispatch</i>, 9 May 1856</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9Ob5SZKc5x6yCJKFLO1aM6g3js3ShEWTf4VYZoYo0TnmkFlCfDF0jfuP67zRwIhZl-aNxkImnVl1l0K1DK42VqXK7jVteruUEIZcRLx-O1vHH5BNACMp80alnLeREE7dGQDsq2Su19m1N9_to-XLmeHIQB-hNyB_DTQadU0a5ZYsOSQyFb-35cXVHJw/s1174/RDD%201%20Aug%201856.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="524" data-original-width="1174" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9Ob5SZKc5x6yCJKFLO1aM6g3js3ShEWTf4VYZoYo0TnmkFlCfDF0jfuP67zRwIhZl-aNxkImnVl1l0K1DK42VqXK7jVteruUEIZcRLx-O1vHH5BNACMp80alnLeREE7dGQDsq2Su19m1N9_to-XLmeHIQB-hNyB_DTQadU0a5ZYsOSQyFb-35cXVHJw/s320/RDD%201%20Aug%201856.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Richmond Daily Dispatch</i>, 1 August 1856<br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> It is quite likely that Dr. Dowdall took this action in order to secure the financial future of his wife and son. That same year he wrote his will, which began "I, P. Bowen Dowdall being feeble in body & sound in mind feeling the necessity of arranging of my worldly affairs, have made the following disposition of my property..."</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLkgASbUlB8kjaKf7earMCc8-8IAhLaJPJDVY4DhZ7ysIYBSq_QlM7psNPyzFwfahSKova9_U4XBCMhqoXulP7LiWh7ZJrQVgmfEWKieC-aCol_5a1P_qjnIDpj-j3ybEyFGHs1mF9NdVRzBuE2TrY69nVXyLwsJ_y3Rb1qMPWkWXdXOeCnOsZl6tJMw/s1050/the%20will.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1050" data-original-width="1042" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLkgASbUlB8kjaKf7earMCc8-8IAhLaJPJDVY4DhZ7ysIYBSq_QlM7psNPyzFwfahSKova9_U4XBCMhqoXulP7LiWh7ZJrQVgmfEWKieC-aCol_5a1P_qjnIDpj-j3ybEyFGHs1mF9NdVRzBuE2TrY69nVXyLwsJ_y3Rb1qMPWkWXdXOeCnOsZl6tJMw/s320/the%20will.png" width="318" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The will of Peter Bowen Dowdall<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> These steps taken by Dr. Dowdall proved to be providential. While visiting his aunt in Fauquier County, he died of a stroke on May 3, 1857.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs3xaPSVrLxw3cPYej2faTfrft6pDvAfGfkXeN8_MgvrfFu8h6JBD3aEuFzw9w0i8yMNhCMsuHu0ztGevPXFIpmJta0GJ9PYm2s8K3RntSg2eZ09BIw3QSMjQJ1lYKdqOVyH1djY_honc_RfeTWu5nU7ZEGW-Plu4-gGfkPJAuST67gA1m2UJD2OEizQ/s608/AG%2019%20May%201857.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="362" data-original-width="608" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs3xaPSVrLxw3cPYej2faTfrft6pDvAfGfkXeN8_MgvrfFu8h6JBD3aEuFzw9w0i8yMNhCMsuHu0ztGevPXFIpmJta0GJ9PYm2s8K3RntSg2eZ09BIw3QSMjQJ1lYKdqOVyH1djY_honc_RfeTWu5nU7ZEGW-Plu4-gGfkPJAuST67gA1m2UJD2OEizQ/s320/AG%2019%20May%201857.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Alexandria Gazette</i>, 19 May 1857<br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Fredericksburg attorney John Lawrence Marye, the executor of Dr. Dowdall's estate, sold his property on the Turnpike to Lorman Chancellor in December 1857. Lorman, in turn, sold it to his brother, Dr. James Edgar Chancellor. It was used as the home of their older brother, Reverend Melzi Sanford Chancellor.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih0F3Ipjyz5T8M60OsClmiGQAZclnWzfZtKeMonILEIu7pcqDiozrbQ_V4-IvR1to0Sk0sZeXxpFCItvQFwXbk22sPakN5n5dnmvTQ4zhc7_-iloOwApXMY5wVSdT6m6EVQfgNrE8DALzGVokH6-etda-GvFhVhdmUC8G37MLK_iHy-Dfo9Q2KwgG-eg/s740/Chancellors.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="740" data-original-width="694" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih0F3Ipjyz5T8M60OsClmiGQAZclnWzfZtKeMonILEIu7pcqDiozrbQ_V4-IvR1to0Sk0sZeXxpFCItvQFwXbk22sPakN5n5dnmvTQ4zhc7_-iloOwApXMY5wVSdT6m6EVQfgNrE8DALzGVokH6-etda-GvFhVhdmUC8G37MLK_iHy-Dfo9Q2KwgG-eg/s320/Chancellors.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Reverend Melzi Sanford Chancellor and family, April 1866<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Prior to moving to Dowdall's, Reverend Chancellor and his family lived at nearby Hazel Grove. He was the pastor at Wilderness Baptist Church, as well as a number of other Baptist Churches in the area. In the map detail shown below, the Dowdall's site is indicated as "M.S. Chancellor."</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1BL7dSLV7-zKHndXDa36KypsV5F_RL2kFE8n3BqWhQGQHwEpRaL-5IOyTAw5spTdwxmwOcX76cBt-TNpC3-2xClBCZ4MsNhXrO3YwjlmMU3MJbmdGrPRcr4KxozqtCmAD2rmdQwVZ7sl6EwJHt0AlWy0IeAGgyiBSvBpMPhxX3dUyzKWqOPW6W29Emw/s1776/1863%20map.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="918" data-original-width="1776" height="165" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1BL7dSLV7-zKHndXDa36KypsV5F_RL2kFE8n3BqWhQGQHwEpRaL-5IOyTAw5spTdwxmwOcX76cBt-TNpC3-2xClBCZ4MsNhXrO3YwjlmMU3MJbmdGrPRcr4KxozqtCmAD2rmdQwVZ7sl6EwJHt0AlWy0IeAGgyiBSvBpMPhxX3dUyzKWqOPW6W29Emw/s320/1863%20map.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1863 map detail of Spotsylvania County<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Reverend Chancellor was devoted to the Confederate cause, and his three oldest sons served in the 9th Virginia Cavalry. By 1863, he had already been arrested by Federal authorities at least one time. So when the United States army arrived in Spotsylvania County on April 30, 1863, he was ready for them.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB25_F1_Uze8ugkZBhITLm9eSjf9wZSKbB1CTbWvkORa8t2ddVbdpjCRQinJGa6DdysRwjLtunGu7XpKsU1IJVK1iGM5Yv8gcJpX3ozzQH2ak3hPy9h52ORaWH1G3GLLOKVGBMQrBxZn5ORka5OfIz5R_pUH7t6UHloTSpLKEeaXuH_PRjtA9Sa5rEmw/s700/Dowdall's%20vhs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <img border="0" data-original-height="568" data-original-width="700" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB25_F1_Uze8ugkZBhITLm9eSjf9wZSKbB1CTbWvkORa8t2ddVbdpjCRQinJGa6DdysRwjLtunGu7XpKsU1IJVK1iGM5Yv8gcJpX3ozzQH2ak3hPy9h52ORaWH1G3GLLOKVGBMQrBxZn5ORka5OfIz5R_pUH7t6UHloTSpLKEeaXuH_PRjtA9Sa5rEmw/s320/Dowdall's%20vhs.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dowdall's Tavern, 1863 (Painting by Robert Knox Sneden)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> As the Army of the Potomac began to fortify its positions around Chancellorsville, General Oliver Otis Howard, commander of the Union XI Corps, was given the responsibility of defending the army's right flank. Howard made the Chancellor home his headquarters. Unfortunately for him and the men he led, he did not take the necessary precautions to defend his right flank, a lapse in judgment fully exploited by Stonewall Jackson.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwrz7sz-A4PKlTP7WhAcVw5cJHUVPh7triJ91kjM7MNjyYKCXzS8LrofVfmi747FkdSaqU_MtUyFF2M3H5hlJHOkUeXxpQK3Gscw30O84Dwstf_3krGjq8AN0VQQmY0G0rh8717RsRAx4dp_ntVozjepyL4R483XyvZlKM2uTVEQ-PLokPoyYDEAzTYw/s2234/Screen%20Shot%202022-09-05%20at%202.06.10%20PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="788" data-original-width="2234" height="113" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwrz7sz-A4PKlTP7WhAcVw5cJHUVPh7triJ91kjM7MNjyYKCXzS8LrofVfmi747FkdSaqU_MtUyFF2M3H5hlJHOkUeXxpQK3Gscw30O84Dwstf_3krGjq8AN0VQQmY0G0rh8717RsRAx4dp_ntVozjepyL4R483XyvZlKM2uTVEQ-PLokPoyYDEAzTYw/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-09-05%20at%202.06.10%20PM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Union troops near Dowdall's Tavern, 2 May 1863 (Drawing by Alfred Waud)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> After spending much of the day leading his men on a wearying march to get around the Union army's right flank, General Jackson deployed his men in the woods west of Wilderness Baptist Church. Their unexpected appearance fell like a hammer blow on the terrified Union troops nearby, many of whom were making preparations for their supper. These panic-stricken soldiers in blue fled east toward the relative safety of the fortified positions around Chancellorsville. The irresistible onslaught of the Confederates swept their astonished foes toward Dowdall's. Some of these men begged Reverend Chancellor to save them. He was only too happy to oblige, and he led a number of them into his house. He opened a trap door that led to the cellar and directed the Union soldiers to climb down. After they were safe under the house, he secured the trap door and later turned over 30 prisoners to the Confederates. </p><p> In 1869, the old Dowdall's Tavern was destroyed in a fire. Reverend Chancellor built a new home, which he called "Chancellor's Retreat," behind Wilderness Baptist Church. </p><p style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgifVhm3M8huZWCdYkTv_r_hrgIoyF_whtIihu6ZP1TV2erkMGppZnwRm6IK_i78trEAfLBl5wHu4BEF-m_JmFoUqlZc122Mmd7M-8q_u3AvtYHDSjiohjzQuRp0JwiUHZ0ublkngAWE-Rojjk7EHQNEXWWtTacuOK1GFdWfY7YirKyuIetk0iNN5SB4g/s1280/new%20dowdall.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="732" data-original-width="1280" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgifVhm3M8huZWCdYkTv_r_hrgIoyF_whtIihu6ZP1TV2erkMGppZnwRm6IK_i78trEAfLBl5wHu4BEF-m_JmFoUqlZc122Mmd7M-8q_u3AvtYHDSjiohjzQuRp0JwiUHZ0ublkngAWE-Rojjk7EHQNEXWWtTacuOK1GFdWfY7YirKyuIetk0iNN5SB4g/s320/new%20dowdall.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The "new Dowdall's Tavern"<br /></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p style="text-align: left;"> After the Civil War, the house shown in the photograph above was built at, or near, the location of Dowdall's Tavern on the Orange Turnpike. I am told that this house, which has been modified and moved back from Route 3, still stands.<br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><br /><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-85358420575668448202022-08-16T07:24:00.002-04:002022-12-09T11:51:21.863-05:00Two Families, One Story<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI7WmCdTk9tDFHD70bw3jDggwFW8WEEWmarI0E24EQHXv0RlJxdFOBGj4jDPTr4Ap8yr1j_pNz3B4g6MIV9v8ksdLfbCXkFyUVCYZrFRG-nPNm-zvfKQrci1FSSXzGHq_wGHLfxbkOgCzJcoTlTENHLl2R05-OVNZefHAwDy2mh5hMJPwI0R1Qj63WnQ/s978/William%20Jackson.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="978" data-original-width="844" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI7WmCdTk9tDFHD70bw3jDggwFW8WEEWmarI0E24EQHXv0RlJxdFOBGj4jDPTr4Ap8yr1j_pNz3B4g6MIV9v8ksdLfbCXkFyUVCYZrFRG-nPNm-zvfKQrci1FSSXzGHq_wGHLfxbkOgCzJcoTlTENHLl2R05-OVNZefHAwDy2mh5hMJPwI0R1Qj63WnQ/s320/William%20Jackson.png" width="276" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">William A. Jackson, 1850</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> In the early 1800s, there were three William Jacksons living in Fredericksburg--grandfather, father and son.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> In 1770, William Jackson an eighteen-year-old stone mason from Bath, England, arrived in Fredericksburg. He lived in a house near the town wharf, and over the years earned a reputation as a reliable builder and respected citizen. He married his second wife, Frances Ellen Snelling, in 1783 and their only son, William, Jr, was born shortly thereafter.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> William Jackson, Jr., married Elizabeth Minor about 1805. She was a daughter of Colonel Thomas Minor of Spotsylvania, who had served in the American Revolution and had been present at Yorktown during the surrender of Lord Cornwallis's army. William, Jr., and Elizabeth had six children together, including four daughters. Their firstborn was William A. Jackson, born in Fredericksburg about 1806.</p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYGi3m1duhkLFDqOgj4Rqz3rWDNXcyEZHJBDs83IeC-QzVQZcJp4kbL5ncVmpSno_iPizrv_rxUX9nxa6vjd6RsilNm1b3lr6QCUTMN8Yf_rr9I4F-eoZ6Eb4FxlIMj4znP-Nfu9T4b3D6PrrfINoo1yHOCV5qn0LBcCIWeDqsV_ClcGYrd1ktNDo8Jw/s996/Mrs%20Willliam%20A%20Jackson.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="996" data-original-width="870" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYGi3m1duhkLFDqOgj4Rqz3rWDNXcyEZHJBDs83IeC-QzVQZcJp4kbL5ncVmpSno_iPizrv_rxUX9nxa6vjd6RsilNm1b3lr6QCUTMN8Yf_rr9I4F-eoZ6Eb4FxlIMj4znP-Nfu9T4b3D6PrrfINoo1yHOCV5qn0LBcCIWeDqsV_ClcGYrd1ktNDo8Jw/s320/Mrs%20Willliam%20A%20Jackson.png" width="280" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mary Cassandra Riely Jackson, 1850<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> William A. Jackson was married twice. His first marriage, to his cousin Emmeline Jackson, took place in 1831. Emmeline died three years later, after the birth of their second child, Mary. In May 1837, William married Mary Cassandra Riely of Winchester. They settled in Fredericksburg in a house he built at the intersection of Princess Ann and Lewis streets. They had six children together, the oldest of whom was Emma Catherine, born April 10, 1838.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Jackson was a man of prodigious energy who made full use of his many talents in a variety of enterprises. For a number of years he commanded the town's militia, the Fredericksburg Guards, and was often referred to as Captain Jackson. He was active in the local politics of the Whig party. Years later, his daughter Emma still remembered the Whig songs he enthusiastically sang at home, such as "Rally, Whigs! Rally, Whigs!"</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Jackson and his father, William, Jr., worked together or singly in a number of businesses. They partnered in a dry goods store Fredericksburg in the early 1830s. Jackson had a financial interest in the town's woolen factory as well as the Hope Foundry. He was also president of the Fredericksburg Union Manufacturing Company, which bought pig iron from the Catharine Furnace in Spotsylvania. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> But the most significant investments by father and son lay in the gold mining business. In 1836, William, Jr., bought a 1600-acre tract in northwestern Spotsylvania County called "Greenwood." He built a summer home there, but his primary reason for this land purchase was because of the presence of gold in the area. In 1836, he sold 1,030 acres to what was called the Greenwood Mining Company. He and his son were also heavy investors in the nearby United States Gold Mine on the Rappahannock River (Previously, Greenwood had been the home of John Strother Green and his wife, the former Lucinda Jones. Lucinda was the mother of Bettie Churchill Jones, who inherited Ellwood). </p><p style="text-align: left;"> The Jacksons lost a great deal of money in their gold mining schemes, and by the 1840s they were experiencing serious financial difficulties. Their solution to their money problems was to double down and invest in another gold mining enterprise, this time in California. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> When a major gold discovery was made in 1849 at John Sutter's mill near Sacramento, California, Jackson and his father saw what they believed to be the ideal opportunity to reverse their financial fortunes. They sold all their real estate in Fredericksburg (at least fourteen properties, by my count) in order to raise capital for an ambitious but highly risky plan. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> William A. Jackson's mechanical skills and map-making abilities were now employed to the fullest. He invented an improved gold-washing machine and partnered with a General Walbridge of New York to manufacture these devices and ship them to California. Jackson accompanied this ship on its voyage around the southern tip of South America to California. During his eighteen-month-long stay there, he produced this well-known map of the gold fields near Sacramento:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7LkR7-JD9nTzyIKKRoOYhS-BKiXBCsSBljOkYApEQCfFzgH2Zso9m1MZeOnFzsuTIKVeKq70nJS79UYFFSgTxwvbuH5WufjEReN2rYGMffkDz6IqWDqFrQLzhZqF0b0Edt_I13L21auDz_dhPoJlME28jFb8AqU0NXCYqRnnWxwcts_7I_NaiPiJIoA/s1666/W.A.%20Jackson%20map.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1666" data-original-width="1584" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7LkR7-JD9nTzyIKKRoOYhS-BKiXBCsSBljOkYApEQCfFzgH2Zso9m1MZeOnFzsuTIKVeKq70nJS79UYFFSgTxwvbuH5WufjEReN2rYGMffkDz6IqWDqFrQLzhZqF0b0Edt_I13L21auDz_dhPoJlME28jFb8AqU0NXCYqRnnWxwcts_7I_NaiPiJIoA/s320/W.A.%20Jackson%20map.png" width="304" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">William A. Jackson's map<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> At the same time that Jackson was making arrangements for his westward journey, his parents and unmarried sisters moved to Lexington, Kentucky. A Virginia-born Episcopalian minister named Edward Berkley was in the process of establishing a church and school there. The Jackson sisters were contacted by Reverend Berkley to teach in the new Episcopal school there. The school was a success and they remained there for a number of years.</p><p> In the meantime, Jackson's wife Mary and their children moved to her hometown of Winchester, where they lived briefly with her brother (he and his wife had twelve children of their own). They later divided their time between the town's two hotels and at Jordan's White Sulphur Springs.</p><p> Jackson returned briefly to Virginia after his stay in California. He then sailed to England to negotiate the sale of land bought by his company in the gold fields. This effort did not realize the financial gain that Jackson had hoped for. However, while he was in London he visited <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Exhibition" target="_blank">The Great Exhibition</a> and brought home picture books from the exposition for his family's enjoyment. </p><p> Jackson reunited with his family in Winchester in 1852. Soon after his arrival, his sisters in Kentucky urged him to bring his daughters Emma and Anna to their school. The girls spent four years there, and Emma later recalled that "we had every care and every instruction of education by the finest teachers, both in English and French and music and drawing...We owe a debt of gratitude to those dear aunts for the care and advantages we could otherwise never have obtained." While in Kentucky, Emma's grandparents, William, Jr., and Elizabeth Minor Jackson, died.</p><p> During his years in Winchester, William A. Jackson's interest in all things military remained strong. Just as he had in Fredericksburg, he served as captain of the local militia, the Continental Morgan Guards, whose uniforms were made to resemble the sort worn by the Continental Army during the American Revolution. These uniforms included ruffled shirt fronts, and Emma Jackson was given the responsibility of properly maintaining the ruffles of Matthew Burrell "Byrd" Washington, a descendant of a relative of George Washington. </p><p> In 1858, Jackson was hired to manage one of the coal mining operations on The Kanawha River in what is now West Virginia. His wife Mary and their children accompanied him there. The Jacksons socialized with other families who were involved in running the mines. It was during one of these gatherings that Emma met Legh Wilber Reid, a civil engineer who was the superintendent of the Great Kanawha Coal and Oil Company. They two fell in love and became engaged. They could not then foresee that events would conspire to make that engagement last five years.</p><p><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEzys0ZRLrCuX-oc1G-RzMwZZQqJKnXvP4peI0XYufzzH8KNaY5oDdsUhjLtEzvVy4GVqGPrmbDKWNUb3bCETMN9KgEPwJB2pPBa2r773F7A-i396AAEGCmvvgGA32lAOKH__-S61c5eISuCQ9lbmyjEhmhCtO0sFvd1j1cQid3k4q-zXr_UZ892CzEA/s2284/O&A%20map.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1524" data-original-width="2284" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEzys0ZRLrCuX-oc1G-RzMwZZQqJKnXvP4peI0XYufzzH8KNaY5oDdsUhjLtEzvVy4GVqGPrmbDKWNUb3bCETMN9KgEPwJB2pPBa2r773F7A-i396AAEGCmvvgGA32lAOKH__-S61c5eISuCQ9lbmyjEhmhCtO0sFvd1j1cQid3k4q-zXr_UZ892CzEA/s320/O&A%20map.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map showing the Orange & Alexandria Railroad, 1860<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p> James Henry Reid was born in Prince William County on December 18, 1804. He married Amy Ann Tolson of Stafford County in 1832. They raised their two sons--Legh Wilber and James Henry, Jr.-- on their farm near Brentsville. Attorney Eppa Hunton, a future brigadier general, congressman and senator, was a friend and neighbor of the Reids. <br /></p><p> Reid was educated in the law, and during the 1830s and 1840s he made the most of his training. A partial list of his positions and appointments during these years included: clerk of the circuit court of law and chancery; chancery commissioner in that same court; justice of the peace; jail inspector for the state of Virginia; coroner for Prince William County; deputy sheriff of Prince William County. He was very well connected and was acquainted with some of Virginia's leading citizens.</p><p> In May 1848, the Virginia Assembly chartered the Orange and Alexandria Railroad to construct a road from Alexandria to Gordonsville. It's president was James Strode Barbour, Jr., whose family owned "Fleetwood Hill" in Culpeper. Reid was named the treasurer and secretary of the company. The office for the soon-to-be-built railroad was established in Alexandria, and the Reid family moved there in 1849.</p><p> The O & R completed the track to Gordonsville in 1854. That same year, the General Assembly gave permission to the company to extend the line to Lynchburg. The Virginia Central Railroad already owned the road from Gordonsville to Charlottesville, so it was only necessary to build a new road from that point to Lynchburg. The O &A was required to pay a trackage fee to the Virginia Central. Once the road was completed to Lynchburg in 1860, it could connect with the Virginia & Tennessee and Southside railroads. </p><p> During the years leading up to the Civil War, Reid was very active active in the civic life of Alexandria. He was an alderman from the Third Ward and served as chairman of the Alexandria committee on streets and was a member of the committee on improvements. In 1855, Reid ran (unsuccessfully) for a seat in the House of Delegates on the American Party (also known as the "Know-Nothings") ticket.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVe2tHLxxOCh7EVs-nYhLW6DIqR4emybOi5PLpMKfxKXnd5PTD0C9TPcRv1x1tZg0pMgp7JPUs5b_luCZ7CmPB9zpZ1BYJTRB_qjR9HLFfxZC94cjSpXqtTbcmkZJo0XZ7fxlh-CIX8yQTTLK7aJWs9JnJ5Rf72B2W5DJbFrja6-EUMVqK8p3XXNZUqA/s1356/LWR%20VMI.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1356" data-original-width="1136" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVe2tHLxxOCh7EVs-nYhLW6DIqR4emybOi5PLpMKfxKXnd5PTD0C9TPcRv1x1tZg0pMgp7JPUs5b_luCZ7CmPB9zpZ1BYJTRB_qjR9HLFfxZC94cjSpXqtTbcmkZJo0XZ7fxlh-CIX8yQTTLK7aJWs9JnJ5Rf72B2W5DJbFrja6-EUMVqK8p3XXNZUqA/s320/LWR%20VMI.png" width="268" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Legh Wilber Reid, 1858 (VMI Archives)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In 1854, Reid's older son Legh began his studies at the Virginia Military Institute. In that era, most of the courses offered by the institute prepared its cadets for a career in engineering, either in the military or in civilian life. One of Legh's professors, Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson, made an impression on him that inspired the writing of this short poem:</p><p> The stamp of genius on his brow, and he</p><p> with his wild glance and keen but quiet eye</p><p> Draws forth from secret sources where they lie.</p><p> Legh graduated in 1858, ranking second among a class of 47 cadets. Soon after graduation, he was named superintendent of the Great Kanawha Coal and Oil Company. And there he met Miss Emma Jackson, and so began a courtship that lasted until the end of the Civil War. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSDtHGBQ-VlgYkV3s0q_skQAbJwhcK5dLS-PxMc26UZaGd9BHt9i3wz4T5T8Yh9EkMWI7yZWgg6U1B06TgIE6Tfms7Yg0-fSwx0sLZMIHE8NTl6DI_tZXqwDDqfIrmak6fr42kQ9ysSZeLFT6pmgl6P-Dpu23lYpSVEiIG3dYH4qC19xSgDOqV8xFHgw/s1126/William%20A.%20Jackson.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1126" data-original-width="992" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSDtHGBQ-VlgYkV3s0q_skQAbJwhcK5dLS-PxMc26UZaGd9BHt9i3wz4T5T8Yh9EkMWI7yZWgg6U1B06TgIE6Tfms7Yg0-fSwx0sLZMIHE8NTl6DI_tZXqwDDqfIrmak6fr42kQ9ysSZeLFT6pmgl6P-Dpu23lYpSVEiIG3dYH4qC19xSgDOqV8xFHgw/s320/William%20A.%20Jackson.png" width="282" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">William A. Jackson in his Confederate uniform<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Once the Civil War began, William A. Jackson was appointed lieutenant colonel of the Fourth Regiment, Virginia State Line. He later was named 22nd Virginia Infantry (also known as 1st Kanawha Regiment). Also serving in the 22nd was Colonel George S. Patton, grandfather of the famed World War II general (Colonel Patton died of wounds received at the Third Battle of Winchester, September 25, 1864). Perhaps because of his age or prior experience in the mining business, in January 1862 Jackson was transferred to the Confederate Nitre and Mining Bureau, in which he would serve for the duration of the war. </p><p> At the beginning of the war, Jackson's family was living in Charleston (West), Virginia. Two of his daughters, Emma and Anna, were teaching school there. A flood rendered the Jackson house uninhabitable, and for a time they lived in the empty house of Colonel Patton, which stood on higher ground.</p><p><br /></p><p> When Virginia seceded from the Union, Legh Wilber Reid went at once to Richmond and was appointed lieutenant. He returned to Kanawha and started work as a drill master for new recruits. On July 15, 1861, Legh was appointed lieutenant colonel of the 36th Virginia Infantry. Later, his regiment was sent to Tennessee to reinforce Fort Donelson. During the unsuccessful defense of this fort on the Cumberland River in February 1862, Legh was wounded in the shoulder and evacuated to Virginia. He was furloughed to recuperate at his family's temporary home in Charlottesville. During his absence, an election was held by the 36th to select its new commander. Legh lost this election, primarily because many of the new soldiers in the regiment did not know him well, if at all. Having lost his colonelcy, Legh was named adjutant, with rank of lieutenant, in the 27th Virginia Partisan Rangers (which became part of the 25th Virginia Cavalry two years later).<br /></p><p> The Civil War also brought many changes to the lives of Legh's parents and younger brother. When the Union army occupied Alexandria, the Reids retreated to their farm at Brentsville. The headquarters for the O & A Railroad were moved to Lynchburg, and the senior Reid spent much of his time traveling and attending to the company's business. He also sought a position in the Confederate government. In July 1861 he petitioned Christopher Memminger, the Confederate Secretary of the Treasury, for an appointment as Auditor of the Treasury for the Post Office Department. He enlisted the help of his friend, Judge Richard C.L. Moncure of the Virginia Supreme Court, to provide a recommendation for him to Memminger. Judge Moncure's letter of reference to Secretary Memminger is shown below:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj0ds_bjqRi1cfd2TrObgh2aAIPdwiu2X6x3-eCe6xmkR4HV30fbiBy9YzcxnHM7WPKVogfmHmRjRxjl6bF5rXmO3ICfBZ-8B_3BVl663ISFJHK5_6Pelj-H6aVTHDbQ-PZ3mIr2sKCwUV_F45jgKBnmLOCAtX4EtnPkqd8lu8VAaEVp0lns5WbQz_0Q/s1600/Reid,%20James%20H.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1220" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj0ds_bjqRi1cfd2TrObgh2aAIPdwiu2X6x3-eCe6xmkR4HV30fbiBy9YzcxnHM7WPKVogfmHmRjRxjl6bF5rXmO3ICfBZ-8B_3BVl663ISFJHK5_6Pelj-H6aVTHDbQ-PZ3mIr2sKCwUV_F45jgKBnmLOCAtX4EtnPkqd8lu8VAaEVp0lns5WbQz_0Q/s320/Reid,%20James%20H.jpg" width="244" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> It is not clear if Reid ever got a position in the Confederate government, but his work for the railroad continued. His name appears on a number of documents pertaining to his work on behalf of the O & A. The receipt shown below, signed by Reid was from the Confederate quartermaster to the O & A for transporting troops between Lynchburg and Fairfax Station. Because of the importance of the railroads to the war effort, corporate officers like Reid were deemed by the Union authorities to be worthy of capture and imprisonment if caught. While that did not happen to James Henry Reid, the U.S. government confiscated his house in Alexandria in June 1864.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKoHE5zaL5J_u6s5tfj8gG6q3E2VdbUvY0f_J1_7TMGQX-0DwLL49gcLqvWC-HhqFgkLI-h_yS7y6-RQcNjKGNrl3NELjYxh18rXa_wLZl-sJ2TaIPw1Xb8E_JIaHsb5WLSjrhnIT27XRpQ16fiY3zaX6uHwbW-TLfkqe6MjsK8VJzD9X3Sa6HBbcH9g/s1600/Reid,2%20James%20H.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1221" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKoHE5zaL5J_u6s5tfj8gG6q3E2VdbUvY0f_J1_7TMGQX-0DwLL49gcLqvWC-HhqFgkLI-h_yS7y6-RQcNjKGNrl3NELjYxh18rXa_wLZl-sJ2TaIPw1Xb8E_JIaHsb5WLSjrhnIT27XRpQ16fiY3zaX6uHwbW-TLfkqe6MjsK8VJzD9X3Sa6HBbcH9g/s320/Reid,2%20James%20H.jpg" width="244" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Legh was among the almost 3,000 cavalrymen who accompanied General John McCausland to Pennsylvania during the summer of 1864. Their mission was to exact retribution on the town of Chambersburg for the destruction wrought by Union General David Hunter in Rockbridge County and Lexington. Upon the arrival of the Confederates in Chambersburg on July 30, they demanded that the city fathers hand over $100,000 in gold or $500,000 in greenbacks.When this demand was refused, the Confederates went to work setting the town ablaze. Legh later described the sorrow he felt for the women and children. He helped one elderly woman onto a horse and led her to a place of safety. He said he was able to salvage some of her valuables before her house was reduced to ashes. Legh also described the death of his friend, Calder Bailey of the 8th Virginia Cavalry. As the Confederates were leaving Chambersburg, Legh saw a drunken Bailey "recklessly riding back into the town. I hailed him and begged him not to go to the town, as all the Confederate cavalry had left. Bailey did not heed this warning and was overpowered by some of the townspeople and killed on the spot." Legh later heard that Bailey's body was paraded around the town in a wheelbarrow "as a show."</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvxa9eJFk3iK0gFmY6U0mOKlZtl20Wwwi61UITAXo-6wDdrwidO1Ohystrw4cbmwUMCPk_toOpGQhifZF48BbJHdKGXgatwartxzPo8-PuPSEf1bpNMHBqyPU9TGEhWXStl1tXAjcL5Hbz8j_M49t7bfSCKd4ZM-9Im9UljBfC3jg-U0ehQyP58nGkaQ/s2000/Chambersburg%20nps.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="976" data-original-width="2000" height="156" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvxa9eJFk3iK0gFmY6U0mOKlZtl20Wwwi61UITAXo-6wDdrwidO1Ohystrw4cbmwUMCPk_toOpGQhifZF48BbJHdKGXgatwartxzPo8-PuPSEf1bpNMHBqyPU9TGEhWXStl1tXAjcL5Hbz8j_M49t7bfSCKd4ZM-9Im9UljBfC3jg-U0ehQyP58nGkaQ/s320/Chambersburg%20nps.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chambersburg (National Park Service)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> In the fall of 1863, Emma Jackson was offered a teaching position at Mrs. William Brown's female seminary in Lynchburg. The school was held in the Browns' large house, which was also being used as a boarding house. Among the boarders were James and Amy Reid. Their presence at the house was the deciding factor in Emma's decision to accept the teaching job.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhsxwO6KQ4xzPxs_ueH3fThmxU8Vn0Rg7ezMF_W4K1YiAoweG3tmaSow-rDnooBOTJnW-4GCN5s9K5EEvX329a_L8Eqi0MVlKMi7K8WZTagEH8UPR01oCgZb0DMeQdhJWNLz7uO0T6lKFmJ0I9qcSm5WD9wXzE1BJi5YCeGkIILzctMcFvDDyOCyKC9w/s354/Gen._Eppa_Hunton.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="354" data-original-width="289" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhsxwO6KQ4xzPxs_ueH3fThmxU8Vn0Rg7ezMF_W4K1YiAoweG3tmaSow-rDnooBOTJnW-4GCN5s9K5EEvX329a_L8Eqi0MVlKMi7K8WZTagEH8UPR01oCgZb0DMeQdhJWNLz7uO0T6lKFmJ0I9qcSm5WD9wXzE1BJi5YCeGkIILzctMcFvDDyOCyKC9w/s320/Gen._Eppa_Hunton.jpg" width="261" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">General Eppa Hunton<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Several weeks before Legh rode to Chambersburg, General Eppa Hunton lost his adjutant, Captain Charles Linthicum, who was killed at Cold Harbor. This vacancy on Hunton's staff started a letter writing campaign to have Legh take Linthicum's place as adjutant with the restoration of his previous rank as lieutenant colonel. On July 29, 1864, Hunton wrote to Samuel Cooper, Adjutant General and Inspector General of the Confederate army. By October 1864, no action had been taken regarding the appointment of Legh to Hunton's staff, so General Hunton followed up with a letter to Secretary James A. Seddon asking that Legh be allowed to join his staff. Legh's father also began to pull strings on Legh's behalf. On October 6, 1864 Reid wrote a letter to Walker Peyton Conway, a prominent citizen who was a principal in the Fredericksburg banking house of Conway, Gordon and Garnett. Reid asked Conway to use his influence with Judge R.C.L. Moncure to assist Hunton and, of course, his son.</p><p> Reid's exertions on behalf of his son proved to be unavailing. Just two days after he wrote his letter to Mr. Conway, Fate--in the guise of a Federal artillery shell--changed the course of Legh's life. </p><p> In the words of Emma Jackson, on October 8, 1864 "in Luray Valley, near Tom's Brook, conspicuously prominent on a hill, [Legh was] a fine mark for a shell, which came home to him, shattering his left leg, and, wonderful to say, not injuring his horse." Several of his comrades accompanied him to search for an ambulance; one of them kept his hand on Legh's leg to keep it from moving too much as he rode. At last, they came upon an ambulance and Legh was taken down from his horse and placed inside. He was driven to Woodstock and placed on the floor of a church, which was filled with other wounded Confederates. Legh still felt little pain, just a blessed kind of numbness, but during the night he became increasingly concerned about the amount of blood pooling around his leg. </p><p> The next day, Legh was told that his left leg would have to be amputated. There being no anesthetics available, Legh was given raw apple brandy. Several men then firmly held him down and Dr. Malcolm Fleming proceeded to saw off his left leg above the knee. Once he was able to be moved, he was taken to the home of a Mrs. Rinker, who had kindly agreed to take care of him. A telegraph was sent to his parents in Lynchburg, and they came to Woodstock at once. James H. Reid spoke to his son only briefly. Legh begged his father to not stay long in this vicinity, as he could easily be captured by United States troops. </p><p> Reid returned to Lynchburg, but his wife remained with Legh at Mrs. Rinker's home. A local physician, a Dr. Magruder, oversaw Legh's medical care. Amy Reid was anxious to get Legh back to Lynchburg as soon as possible. Legh had not been able to sleep since his operation, and Dr. Magruder would not allow him to be moved until he could get some rest. Magruder went to the house of a local woman who was known to be a drug addict, and was able to obtain enough morphine from her to give Legh two nights' sleep.</p><p> A local man was found who agreed to convey Legh and his mother in his wagon to Staunton. The wagon was filled with hay, which was then covered with blankets, and Legh was gently placed on top. A few days later they reached a Confederate hospital in Staunton. The surgeons there thought it best that Legh remain in their care for a while before traveling again. At last permission was given for Legh to take a train to Lynchburg. He arrived there shortly before Christmas eve. During this time Emma's mother and her sister Anna had come to Lynchburg to offer whatever help they could. </p><p> In January 1864, the Confederate Congress passed legislation that created what would be called the Association for the Relief of Maimed Soldiers. Its goal was to "supply artificial limbs to those gallant men who have been maimed in the defense of their country." At some time after he was wounded, Legh's name was placed on the register of this organization. Whether he ever received a prosthetic leg as a result of this is not known.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtUhMxm7GZTB5uGGAQ7Dlbn2414Xzxkq2yrU5FQ6yYDZ6h0QsLYe_Oyvja6IFutO6otY5rn1sG0JMdXvZCGfpme0otq3qEQZCU23jgAhUb7cMJptOmlJTXtERGMvijdpv1c5RxLZNnKWuBvvDdFf7R0cUBtzJS08PxGPS9FiUfMWDD9l0h5nN1Fo14KA/s1162/maim.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1162" data-original-width="540" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtUhMxm7GZTB5uGGAQ7Dlbn2414Xzxkq2yrU5FQ6yYDZ6h0QsLYe_Oyvja6IFutO6otY5rn1sG0JMdXvZCGfpme0otq3qEQZCU23jgAhUb7cMJptOmlJTXtERGMvijdpv1c5RxLZNnKWuBvvDdFf7R0cUBtzJS08PxGPS9FiUfMWDD9l0h5nN1Fo14KA/s320/maim.png" width="149" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Association for the Relief of Maimed Soldiers<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Lieutenant Leigh Reid had lost his leg, but he had lost none of his fighting spirit. On January 27, 1865 Legh wrote a letter to Allen Taylor Caperton, a member of the Confederate Senate, asking to be considered for some position in the active service, despite the fact that he was disabled. He requested that he be appointed commander of the 25th Cavalry or, failing that, to be given a position in the engineer corps.</p><p> Other efforts to help Legh regain his colonelcy were also afoot, but the Confederacy was quickly disintegrating and other than a flurry of letters, no progress was made on his behalf. Legh made one more effort to be of use to the Confederacy before it came crashing down. On March 13, 1865 the Confederate Congress passed a law that allowed black men to serve in combat roles. Three days later, Legh wrote a letter to General Samuel Cooper: "I respectfully ask to be appointed Colonel of a Regiment of negro troops and authorized to recruit it in this city..."</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkNUdAPDXz_7vYtqGIS6f-rfNH_hh7hvDAtpmDR01qFMw_FquupqtLEoypHt6XKVkP0aBKHRwoAumBUj4KJmYie6HtREN06rtYgSfNQax-FeOMnd_1i7-E1Gk6rrKqnsyH5TUaijO-2aSiClMTW6BQ8bDfjIEwjS9mhrSq9KAHrPRZ2fkgegSxr4C2vg/s1600/Reid,%20L%20Wilber4.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1268" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkNUdAPDXz_7vYtqGIS6f-rfNH_hh7hvDAtpmDR01qFMw_FquupqtLEoypHt6XKVkP0aBKHRwoAumBUj4KJmYie6HtREN06rtYgSfNQax-FeOMnd_1i7-E1Gk6rrKqnsyH5TUaijO-2aSiClMTW6BQ8bDfjIEwjS9mhrSq9KAHrPRZ2fkgegSxr4C2vg/s320/Reid,%20L%20Wilber4.jpg" width="254" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Letter of Legh Reid to Samuel Cooper<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> But by now it was too late. Two weeks after he wrote this letter, Richmond was abandoned by General Lee's army and the Confederate government was on the run. Word reached Lynchburg that the Army of Northern Virginia had surrendered at Appomattox and Union soldiers were already in the city. Legh and Emma had already obtained their marriage license, and they decided to get married on her birthday, April 10, 1865. That morning, Reverend William Henry Kinkle, rector of St, Paul's Episcopal Church, was summoned to Mrs. Brown's boarding house. Kinkle, whose wife had died in 1862, brought his children with him. The wedding ceremony was held in the parlor of the Brown's house. Legh wore a gray officer's uniform, complete with gold buttons and insignia, that his mother had made for him. He is shown wearing that uniform in the photograph below:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoq9TwxvQSUsUSBtbZgZb_vALvuwLXCjkcc3JyTdZ02xR5WU1rnOV2wUTHtQLz3fTO7bxRMgmqcuPzL8Y3Lw9BjsZ8PAygBaUmRdQ0wZcIFFP77RWVK3aK3_wAsCfQlEnqp-H9OnsNvt2jD-X6pGZ245QuNts34R6sXpm04TOuNXtgi_2y6VwPLB_DLA/s1550/Legh%20Wilbur%20Reid%20(LOC).png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1550" data-original-width="952" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoq9TwxvQSUsUSBtbZgZb_vALvuwLXCjkcc3JyTdZ02xR5WU1rnOV2wUTHtQLz3fTO7bxRMgmqcuPzL8Y3Lw9BjsZ8PAygBaUmRdQ0wZcIFFP77RWVK3aK3_wAsCfQlEnqp-H9OnsNvt2jD-X6pGZ245QuNts34R6sXpm04TOuNXtgi_2y6VwPLB_DLA/s320/Legh%20Wilbur%20Reid%20(LOC).png" width="197" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Legh Wilber Reid (Library of Congress)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> It was a lovely spring day, one that Legh and Emma had looked forward to for five years. Unfortunately, their memory of their wedding day was marred by a violent episode. Despite the presence of Union soldiers in the city, Lynchburg resident Stockton Terry defiantly hoisted a Confederate flag at his home. One of the soldiers in blue tore it down, and Terry shot him, and then he was killed moments later.</p><p> Emma continued to teach at Mrs. Brown's until the end of the term. Then she and Legh and his parents moved to the City Hotel, where they stayed until they moved to Alexandria the following year. During their remaining time in Lynchburg, Legh ran the new Southern Express office, and he operated a store on the first floor of the hotel. Neither undertaking was particularly successful.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCNyQIHAmM1TLYq_c5YjrwjOCLliQOx6sLhhX5SHXzjphTp6AGK43NKRJw7SHH8vHV_FSvD-j8PEOly1poybM29ybcioHmEOMMFMNxYwZdEB5PdXoWHpWCeHIaEcdo9CSblCzXLvyt-YM1M7pokq7mqGyxmQ-zj0zSFGGxuKk8TWO7q2UDBBB5c5XcCA/s516/young%20wilber.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="516" data-original-width="396" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCNyQIHAmM1TLYq_c5YjrwjOCLliQOx6sLhhX5SHXzjphTp6AGK43NKRJw7SHH8vHV_FSvD-j8PEOly1poybM29ybcioHmEOMMFMNxYwZdEB5PdXoWHpWCeHIaEcdo9CSblCzXLvyt-YM1M7pokq7mqGyxmQ-zj0zSFGGxuKk8TWO7q2UDBBB5c5XcCA/s320/young%20wilber.jpeg" width="246" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Legh Wilber Reid<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> </p><p> Legh and Emma's first child, a son, died shortly after he was born in Lynchburg in February 1866. They had three more children during their years in Alexandria--Legh Wilber, Jr., James Henry and Mary Cassandra. </p><p> When they returned to Alexandria in May 1866, Legh and Emma shared a house with his parents. James Henry Reid continued his work as treasurer and secretary of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. Legh was given the job of the company's paymaster. This required him to travel by a special car attached to a freight train, which stopped at each station and pay the employees in cash. Because Legh had to use crutches, Emma accompanied him on these trips.</p><p> James Henry Reid died of a stroke while conducting the company's business in the Baltimore banking house of Robert Garrett on May 19, 1869. His remains were brought back to Alexandria, where he was buried in Ivy Hill Cemetery. </p><p> After Reid's death, his widow Amy and Legh's family moved from the large house they had lived in on Fairfax Street to a smaller one on Cameron Street. Legh was offered his father's positions as treasurer and secretary. He met with the company's president, John S. Barbour, Jr., and convinced him that the company would be better served by dividing those two offices between two men. He also told Barbour that the frequent trips to Baltimore to transact the treasurer's business would impose difficulties on him in his crippled condition. Barbour agreed, and Legh became the company's secretary at the same salary his father was paid for both offices. </p><p><br /></p><p> At the end of the Civil War, William A. Jackson reunited with his wife, Mary. They lived with their daughter Lucy and her husband David Kent in Pulaski County. Jackson remained there for the rest of his life, which ended on January 15, 1875. His remains were brought back to Fredericksburg, where he was buried in the Confederate Cemetery. </p><p> Jackson's unmarried sisters, who had enjoyed a successful teaching career in Kentucky before the Civil War, came to Alexandria in the autumn of 1869. They lived in hotels for a while, but then moved to the home of Legh and Emma, who had bought a house with Amy at 504 Duke Street. Legh enlarged the house to accommodate Emma's aunts. Except for a period in the 1880s when they lived in Northampton County, the Jackson sisters lived with the Reids for the rest of their lives [1]. After the deaths of her daughter Lucy and son-in-law David Kent, Mary Cassandra Riely Jackson moved in with her sisters-in-law in Northampton County, where she died on September 29, 1889. Like William, she was buried in the Confederate Cemetery in Fredericksburg. </p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQRdoqQJb68j61cpaTUa7iAvjT9nRxmjpmPqBoum7wKrwrCc1oCe6Wi0sQVKKH1J5mWrFgMZ12j50mXRppQYi9i2Sfk5huY-cMDP3JOa8LL3ot02lCNJIYYfSqRFdiRQm-kPLNdVjRm8o_nMX5B2vnIAErmW8qxNlCq7ZCPEbNABA5GWPHO6BWx3sv_g/s1306/jsbarbourjr.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1306" data-original-width="990" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQRdoqQJb68j61cpaTUa7iAvjT9nRxmjpmPqBoum7wKrwrCc1oCe6Wi0sQVKKH1J5mWrFgMZ12j50mXRppQYi9i2Sfk5huY-cMDP3JOa8LL3ot02lCNJIYYfSqRFdiRQm-kPLNdVjRm8o_nMX5B2vnIAErmW8qxNlCq7ZCPEbNABA5GWPHO6BWx3sv_g/s320/jsbarbourjr.png" width="243" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Strode Barbour, Jr.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <p></p><p> Legh continued his work with the railroad, which was renamed the Virginia Midland in 1873. He was also president of the Charlottesville & Rapidan Railroad, and sat on the board of directors for several other companies. In 1884, the Virginia Midland was bought by northern investors and its headquarters were to be moved to New York. Legh decided to make a career change, with the help of John S. Barbour who by now was serving in the House of Representatives. Grover Cleveland, a Democrat, had just been elected president of the United States, and patronage jobs became available to those with connections. Legh's connection was Mr. Barbour. Legh was given the position of assistant register of the Treasury Department. His boss was former Union General William S. Rosecrans. Legh stayed at the treasury until the Republicans came back into power in 1891.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirElZm1jaYAqUeQIZu3Eb4CYHFoP8pO1vfoOtp6N48oU_9nEMpMvS6oN8fk1c3gL7xchiI6ADmqW_IcYO9sOskTlovZ9XJ1wy8Cc3cb2he4O-WUfZYDrSLjF3J1MJP9Ht_i1F5KtNiJNJIgRLufRYgxDzx1Fydk92ONec-4-3NVNaiCw7B6WnRnqbToQ/s786/Legh_Wilber_Reid_.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="786" data-original-width="571" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirElZm1jaYAqUeQIZu3Eb4CYHFoP8pO1vfoOtp6N48oU_9nEMpMvS6oN8fk1c3gL7xchiI6ADmqW_IcYO9sOskTlovZ9XJ1wy8Cc3cb2he4O-WUfZYDrSLjF3J1MJP9Ht_i1F5KtNiJNJIgRLufRYgxDzx1Fydk92ONec-4-3NVNaiCw7B6WnRnqbToQ/s320/Legh_Wilber_Reid_.jpg" width="232" /></a></div><br /><p> By this time, Legh's eyesight had begun to fail. He was diagnosed with cataracts. Dr. Robert Randolph of Johns Hopkins Hospital operated on one eye, and two years later repeated the operation on the other eye. Unfortunately, Legh derived little benefit from these procedures. Unable to work, he spent most of his time at home. By now he no longer used crutches, but was confined to a wheel chair. He and Emma enjoyed visits from from friends and family members, and they spent their summers in Atlantic City. The years quietly passed by. Legh Wilber Reid died at his home on Duke Street on Thanksgiving morning, 1908.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF_JMVdl9lmri3Jg_6CM7lQjH49L33NEO9gNE3R5hY-Fp72emrM6seto53PYWYU9clzcpby-TXuvT8ACexfQpY5R6cn7deXdHK9Is-nOI0izNgs5YHnb90QXKN5k_mosMgdt8-IRyDenriTm2ZpPPBtTW3Z2nUTdB4b_BeCZzAXpB9jEJO7GCKR6CTXA/s1054/lwr.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1054" data-original-width="906" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF_JMVdl9lmri3Jg_6CM7lQjH49L33NEO9gNE3R5hY-Fp72emrM6seto53PYWYU9clzcpby-TXuvT8ACexfQpY5R6cn7deXdHK9Is-nOI0izNgs5YHnb90QXKN5k_mosMgdt8-IRyDenriTm2ZpPPBtTW3Z2nUTdB4b_BeCZzAXpB9jEJO7GCKR6CTXA/s320/lwr.png" width="275" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Legh Wilber Reid<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKdLyFiiHZCyksRs0Zgy9vSnvcpUoCzSz0SVtAIwe79t0u2WDWx5Q-YcML9olbLc0fVsbFqBVTQIFe-k1wc9UwIEz4rDygYowC02le11XdpjTLW1dOHdhgo4Fbl_-MuCdOn5f6djk0tjbDsPPahFuE9q5M5Vjp3BjwHz0Dp7QihemD2RQFVraBVFtc6A/s1588/Emma%20Catherine%20Jackson%20Reid.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1538" data-original-width="1588" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKdLyFiiHZCyksRs0Zgy9vSnvcpUoCzSz0SVtAIwe79t0u2WDWx5Q-YcML9olbLc0fVsbFqBVTQIFe-k1wc9UwIEz4rDygYowC02le11XdpjTLW1dOHdhgo4Fbl_-MuCdOn5f6djk0tjbDsPPahFuE9q5M5Vjp3BjwHz0Dp7QihemD2RQFVraBVFtc6A/s320/Emma%20Catherine%20Jackson%20Reid.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Emma Catherine Jackson Reid<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> </p><p> Emma outlived Legh by fifteen years. The family of her daughter Mary moved in with her at Duke Street. She died at home on December 3, 1923. She is buried near Legh in Ivy Hill Cemetery.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiyRdXSJA6m7QGyUuZ1geUgLNeB-P6XzCJHBS0pbi6zDeE_wTA-enoPbwKLX2SyeQ38IDpUiV9dujxvVCvjmMZuf_zBfJGx1GyHHSQX_ms9L67hS7vylib13obz32T4f3NRBnDrpFrAzLR6PJ-ItIoVK5KdDoSvf7vuV5dmaKOWOAajEqwSE9mXWMlOA/s1176/Manassas%20Journal%207%20Dec%201923.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1176" data-original-width="602" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiyRdXSJA6m7QGyUuZ1geUgLNeB-P6XzCJHBS0pbi6zDeE_wTA-enoPbwKLX2SyeQ38IDpUiV9dujxvVCvjmMZuf_zBfJGx1GyHHSQX_ms9L67hS7vylib13obz32T4f3NRBnDrpFrAzLR6PJ-ItIoVK5KdDoSvf7vuV5dmaKOWOAajEqwSE9mXWMlOA/s320/Manassas%20Journal%207%20Dec%201923.jpeg" width="164" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Manassas Journal </i>7 December 1923<br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">[1] Pattie, the last surviving sister of William A. Jackson, died at the Reid home in Alexandria in January 1901. I have been told that during the Civil War, Pattie made great efforts to ship food and clothing to captured Confederate soldiers confined in northern prisons. A collection of letters written to her by these grateful men are being edited for publication.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">My thanks to Marc Storch, who introduced me to the stories of the Jackson and Reid familes. </p><p style="text-align: left;">Special thanks to Ronald Turner, Morgan Breeden and Dave Cuff of the Prince William County Historical Society for their assistance.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><u>Sources:</u></p><p style="text-align: left;">- "Reminiscences Dedicated to my Children and Grandchildren," by Emma C. Reid, March 1918.</p><p style="text-align: left;">- Ancestry.com</p><p style="text-align: left;">- Fold3.com: <i>Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers who served in Organization from the State of Virginia</i>, and <i>Confederate Papers Relating to Citizens or Business Firms, 1861-1865</i>.</p><p style="text-align: left;">- Chronicling America<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"> <br /></p><p> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-48783099058651583662022-07-13T09:00:00.004-04:002022-07-15T16:16:27.144-04:00"I have arrested Mr. George E. Chancellor"<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu7CqcQdQYXknFLI6q-eUuwZqQBPAk8dmOXN_qDnKiMRl0QGg-yu6b_1f3DRBk7VX6rcXvAFCA1q7U1A_pX8Fib4GCif2m-T0kQU2xXGg8kpiLcX6dvefwG8B7ps0X_9xbFhRUVRhxhttYKnMLSyIBF7uhRtDIa_E-57fn9PCXUuh_a2ecd9w9-2IRug/s1588/GEC%20near%20Ellwood.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1194" data-original-width="1588" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu7CqcQdQYXknFLI6q-eUuwZqQBPAk8dmOXN_qDnKiMRl0QGg-yu6b_1f3DRBk7VX6rcXvAFCA1q7U1A_pX8Fib4GCif2m-T0kQU2xXGg8kpiLcX6dvefwG8B7ps0X_9xbFhRUVRhxhttYKnMLSyIBF7uhRtDIa_E-57fn9PCXUuh_a2ecd9w9-2IRug/s320/GEC%20near%20Ellwood.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">George E. Chancellor at a breastwork near Ellwood, April 1866<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> Born in Spotsylvania County about 1842, George Edwards Chancellor was one of ten children born to <a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2016/03/reverend-melzi-sanford-chancellor.html" target="_blank">Reverend Melzi Sanford Chancellor</a> and the former Lucy Fox Frazer. He spent his first years at Hazel Grove, near Chancellorsville. In 1857, his uncle Lorman Chancellor bought Dowdall's Tavern on the Orange Turnpike (modern Route 3) near Wilderness Baptist Church, and Reverend Chancellor and his family lived there until it was destroyed by a fire in 1869.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtQvQFtJqcpHitdM6axn5B3KPJsBimCtdPc5By-3YQRnP701yq6vZJA7u29D8kxPKjjoGngihjOXiJnaSOALbv4css_Knvx-qx0GQAkx06yym1_M7cjFlVwVYD2hvdIgXTQ8LZkDC4blOW8WYmkEfzYrtp8nU8oD2qkFv8J13lWKslwtRVQMZTlG2opw/s1024/Dowdall's%20tavern1%20LOC.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="937" data-original-width="1024" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtQvQFtJqcpHitdM6axn5B3KPJsBimCtdPc5By-3YQRnP701yq6vZJA7u29D8kxPKjjoGngihjOXiJnaSOALbv4css_Knvx-qx0GQAkx06yym1_M7cjFlVwVYD2hvdIgXTQ8LZkDC4blOW8WYmkEfzYrtp8nU8oD2qkFv8J13lWKslwtRVQMZTlG2opw/s320/Dowdall's%20tavern1%20LOC.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dowdall's Tavern, April 1866<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> George Chancellor enlisted in Company E of the 9th Virginia Cavalry in Fredericksburg on April 25, 1861. His compiled service record shows that he was promoted to lieutenant in December 1862. On October 19, 1863, at the Battle of Buckland Mills in Fauquier County, Chancellor's horse was shot from under him. Like most soldiers in the Confederate cavalry, he owned his own horse, for the loss of which he was compensated $1,100 (in Confederate currency). </p><p> In his obituary published in <i>The Free Lance </i>on November 15, 1887, it was noted that Chancellor was wounded while leading his company on a charge near Petersburg in the waning days of the Civil War. His death notice also reported that: "In his wardrobe may be found a coat he wore in the war, in which are a dozen or more bullet holes, pierced by missiles from the enemy's guns, which he kept as a relic."</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV4ziRSkmt2l85JPV330_2CTe3chxA93BtUV25nuRx9fDFGhc-5_W3LieMXsoaEySqxhR5O-1EvZCO7gB8-eO5XGsxxYc-pRLdxJGOgRg9w6khSzDuDUWvRzfJK0RESj2srMfZIRqp74ldNe-4bAKRL0PElFnjwnN5GWm3UjdnMumw-S_gb4IudJEVng/s702/Chancellor%20family.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="702" data-original-width="646" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV4ziRSkmt2l85JPV330_2CTe3chxA93BtUV25nuRx9fDFGhc-5_W3LieMXsoaEySqxhR5O-1EvZCO7gB8-eO5XGsxxYc-pRLdxJGOgRg9w6khSzDuDUWvRzfJK0RESj2srMfZIRqp74ldNe-4bAKRL0PElFnjwnN5GWm3UjdnMumw-S_gb4IudJEVng/s320/Chancellor%20family.jpeg" width="294" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chancellor family, April 1866<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In the Chancellor family portrait shown above, George Chancellor is seated next to his father.</p><p> Although Chancellor continued to farm land he owned in Spotsylvania until 1883, by the late 1860s he realized that his skills and ambition would be better served by joining the merchant class of Fredericksburg. By 1870 he was living in the household of <a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2021/05/the-mccrackens.html" target="_blank">Patrick McCracken</a>, who owned a grocery and dry goods store on Commerce (William) Street, where Chancellor worked as a clerk. </p><p> In 1873, Chancellor bought a building at the corner of Commerce and Charles streets, where he opened his own farmer's supply and grocery store, which he successfully ran until his death in 1887. It was then owned by his younger brother Melzi Sanford Chancellor, Jr. (shown in the portrait above seated at his father's knee). After Sanford Chancellor's death in 1925, the store was operated by his nephews until 1954.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1uzLk1MVxG7eDq5ynnVgg6_u1mCvnRzjreff5l7i8Op8wsqAU37B8thwRMs459OHlC-VHyua5Fema1ksS5TILcGaVwjGLl3Qq-J2iSGji-7JIEjfXptBnTrUFXLYY2Owej4VRQ7YqS-GZqvJSQ-GodzrwdwsnohmfVPl55rwVFiI-yA5zNeXt1-A5uQ/s567/chancebroadsidelva.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="567" data-original-width="363" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1uzLk1MVxG7eDq5ynnVgg6_u1mCvnRzjreff5l7i8Op8wsqAU37B8thwRMs459OHlC-VHyua5Fema1ksS5TILcGaVwjGLl3Qq-J2iSGji-7JIEjfXptBnTrUFXLYY2Owej4VRQ7YqS-GZqvJSQ-GodzrwdwsnohmfVPl55rwVFiI-yA5zNeXt1-A5uQ/s320/chancebroadsidelva.jpg" width="205" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Broadside advertising Chancellor's business (Library of Virginia)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In addition to his success as a merchant, Chancellor was also active in the civic life of Fredericksburg. Among his other endeavors, he served as vice president of the fair association, was a member of the Battlefield Excursion Committee, and played a role in the local politics of the Conservative Party.</p><p> In October 1876, General Joseph Hooker and his literary executor, Samuel P. Bates (who was also the state historian of Pennsylvania) engaged the services of Chancellor to act as their guide to visit the Chancellorsville battlefield. In an article for <i>The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine</i>, Bates wrote:</p><p>"We were accompanied on our ride to the Chancellorsville field some ten or twelve miles above Fredericksburg by Major George E. Chancellor, a son of Melzi Chancellor, whose home at the time of the battle was at Dowdall's Tavern, where General Howard had his headquarters. On setting out, General Hooker suggested that we should take some lunch along with us, as when he was there last, there was very little to eat in all that region. Major Chancellor thought it unnecessary, and in fact, we feasted most sumptuously at his father's house."</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgku38l_aBnmlQGHn9ZdpzQuPzMIfQ2i_KoSO42GHkkxsgXXk6i3wSorNTUZS2w3YW_nHN3ZeIVtXcM7EyPW2HlGRdHkNghaBUvxZ2ylecVIEsw4a4foumMRAYtjVAKEsJE--0HnWf42xyYQ5VSUlYOybs5ZEUvZ20QtSdqaTMgsJuUfZafSiF2c8wOGA/s1280/1884%20Reunion-Wilderness%20Church%20NPS.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="998" data-original-width="1280" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgku38l_aBnmlQGHn9ZdpzQuPzMIfQ2i_KoSO42GHkkxsgXXk6i3wSorNTUZS2w3YW_nHN3ZeIVtXcM7EyPW2HlGRdHkNghaBUvxZ2ylecVIEsw4a4foumMRAYtjVAKEsJE--0HnWf42xyYQ5VSUlYOybs5ZEUvZ20QtSdqaTMgsJuUfZafSiF2c8wOGA/s320/1884%20Reunion-Wilderness%20Church%20NPS.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chancellor's Retreat, 1884 (National Park Service)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Chancellor, Hooker and Bates had their lunch at Chancellor's Retreat, the home that Reverend Melzi Chancellor built behind Wilderness Baptist Church after Dowdall's Tavern burned in 1869.</p><p> At the conclusion of the Civil War, however, George Chancellor's accomplishments and adventures still lay ahead in an uncertain future. In 1865, George and his fellow veterans in the region were obliged to make a new start in a war-ravaged landscape, where money was scarce and prospects were bleak.</p><p> For George Chancellor, a possible solution to this problem might be found by offering his services to a group that had plenty of money--the Northerners who began to surge into the Fredericksburg area after the surrender at Appomattox. Chancellor's intimate knowledge of his home county and the battlefields where he had fought provided him with a unique skill set that could be of use to his former enemies.</p><p> His first step was to make a sales pitch directly to Secretary of War Stanton. In his book <i>Where Valor Proudly Sleeps: A History of Fredericksburg National Cemetery, 1866-1933</i>, author Donald Pfanz mentioned that on December 1, 1865 Chancellor wrote a letter to Stanton in which he offered to act as caretaker for the two federal cemeteries created by volunteers earlier that year (and presumably the cemeteries of the Union hospitals that were set up during the war) and to create another by gathering the remains of U.S. soldiers still unburied. He hinted that there was some urgency involved, as those remains were subject to being disturbed by the natural elements (including wild animals) as well as the hand of man. Quoting from Chancellor's letter, Pfanz writes: "If [the bodies] are not taken up and carried to some burying ground they will soon be plowed over by the farmers as a great many are in the cultivated fields." As it happened, the government gave careful consideration to Chancellor's proposal, but decided it could achieve the same result with less expense by undertaking the work itself. </p><p> Another idea Chancellor had in this line of work had, perhaps, a greater potential for success. He advertised a list of names of Union soldiers whose graves he could identify. For those who might take him up on that offer, he would (for a fee) take relatives to the grave site of their loved one so that the remains could be taken back to their home states and given a proper burial. As we shall see, Chancellor's experience with one such person seeking the grave of his brother-in-law got him into some trouble with the provost marshal of Fredericksburg. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCbayivpn2ohQoe3P0rHo-C0IKuEetyHqNEqG9Ki7S8LcLdQ_s5OaPo_3FAPwh60TQnD51HQuAfZVrjumpe9CRv-W4kD_Njjsgc4jpaGBWyW-AbivPj3WR_yEN4b7wcFplN0KMLUncpTxLvCLPBjts03wcZk4Pk_b5XmyaovoksXqii7uO4Fci8hfQbA/s970/Reed%20Brockway%20Bontecou.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="970" data-original-width="586" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCbayivpn2ohQoe3P0rHo-C0IKuEetyHqNEqG9Ki7S8LcLdQ_s5OaPo_3FAPwh60TQnD51HQuAfZVrjumpe9CRv-W4kD_Njjsgc4jpaGBWyW-AbivPj3WR_yEN4b7wcFplN0KMLUncpTxLvCLPBjts03wcZk4Pk_b5XmyaovoksXqii7uO4Fci8hfQbA/s320/Reed%20Brockway%20Bontecou.png" width="193" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dr. Reed Brockway Bontecou<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZhBWhWJV0rznY8sX9HogfublYMjkvFV6PZnbDNG1ypJrTVSQb0N9-2UDk2uri_EUDZwjhesodcJMzf_GEXHxff5WBrGmRD0UHgkCRHANvJcKX2TlBv-OskParqcx37ZfeqsdiDZY5TN1P2AI70AmoFhGJ2ryBSOTp1sxVCmkAB-KSONQhy3uaxNHnQA/s1920/1920px-HAREWOOD_HOSPITAL,_WASHINGTON_D.C.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1402" data-original-width="1920" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZhBWhWJV0rznY8sX9HogfublYMjkvFV6PZnbDNG1ypJrTVSQb0N9-2UDk2uri_EUDZwjhesodcJMzf_GEXHxff5WBrGmRD0UHgkCRHANvJcKX2TlBv-OskParqcx37ZfeqsdiDZY5TN1P2AI70AmoFhGJ2ryBSOTp1sxVCmkAB-KSONQhy3uaxNHnQA/s320/1920px-HAREWOOD_HOSPITAL,_WASHINGTON_D.C.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Harewood Military Hospital, Washington D.C.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> <br /></p><p> Either by means of this advertised list of names or by some other means of self-promotion, the name of George Chancellor came to the attention of Dr. Reed Brockway Bontecou, the chief surgeon of the Harewood Military Hospital at Washington, D.C. During the years the hospital was in operation, 1863-1866, Bontecou revolutionized war-time medicine by photographing his patients. These photographs were used to document the treatment of the wounds of his patients and to track their progress. A great many of these photographs still exist, including this one of Frederick Pilgrim of the 8th New York Cavalry:</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikOMVpY-jt5hSqrFhVcgc3ZWFdMRevzrJuisD0x2jSk4Fpxcj-DoiBeo6VEtLNt8YDdL3MrNXCNjTra5lK1_iCPfsLE_zXFwqHal0YfXBa6YShVGu0Ep8cAAleyQGIN-w87xyhprUsh4e2oYC9cRm7XAMr7CkUmERu14U2OY-Ndl_4yv8fjRk8-udvig/s1200/Frederick%20Pilgrim.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="921" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikOMVpY-jt5hSqrFhVcgc3ZWFdMRevzrJuisD0x2jSk4Fpxcj-DoiBeo6VEtLNt8YDdL3MrNXCNjTra5lK1_iCPfsLE_zXFwqHal0YfXBa6YShVGu0Ep8cAAleyQGIN-w87xyhprUsh4e2oYC9cRm7XAMr7CkUmERu14U2OY-Ndl_4yv8fjRk8-udvig/s320/Frederick%20Pilgrim.jpg" width="246" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Frederick Pilgrim<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> These pictures were taken by, or under the direction of William H. Bell, chief photographer of the U.S. Army Medical Museum. Bontecou's unique access to Bell's skills and equipment allowed him to undertake a historic project quite unrelated to his duties at Harewood Hospital. In the early spring of 1866, Bontecou led three photographic expeditions to the battlefields of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Wilderness and Spotsylvania Courthouse. A total of 121 photographs were taken by Bell and his assistants. (My thanks to historian and author John Cummings, whose research discovered Bontecou's link to these historic images. Mr. Cummings is currently working on a book on this very topic).</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqKfuyZHTNq46f2-1qRuikSlaF5yOQvr2UAF7JSyIOxIBi8upH8qCFnKT-JYw9A8ekMU4i7-KFt-D_5M2wGuxOlyn49vxWghRJFmvFPIoesBn360-uH2FfGrvehV6nArrjSqoME8halwhFC66-ijcn3mDwnWOYOwVDiLMofxAPN9twfy4GhIffuzeoAg/s1712/Screen%20Shot%202022-07-08%20at%204.25.04%20PM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1422" data-original-width="1712" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqKfuyZHTNq46f2-1qRuikSlaF5yOQvr2UAF7JSyIOxIBi8upH8qCFnKT-JYw9A8ekMU4i7-KFt-D_5M2wGuxOlyn49vxWghRJFmvFPIoesBn360-uH2FfGrvehV6nArrjSqoME8halwhFC66-ijcn3mDwnWOYOwVDiLMofxAPN9twfy4GhIffuzeoAg/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-07-08%20at%204.25.04%20PM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">George Chancellor and Dr. Bontecou at Confederate works near Spotsylvania Courthouse, April 1866<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> During Dr. Bontecou's visits to the area's battlefields, George Chancellor acted as his guide. The two men developed a friendly rapport and Dr. Bontecou was grateful for Chancellor's assistance. George, it can be assumed, was grateful for the business opportunity. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha1MNFeShElTHDaj1AULGhwHKAQI9x5566-47_u1mm6BY17sKzcs9vC-PJiiw2zUCrGKNeGjTkihyiXaGk0z_Ks-rYF9E-01rWmicVfpPyEQcBu1NuzW2Jf4-HcHqtmMZ7jDcMYfkafenfIKOJBwYDCNm6CmWOt5XjieWptImr7QLWdT2HFpwpOaItNw/s672/Prentiss%20Fogler%20of%20Hope%20CO%20I%2020TH%20MAINE%20INFANTRY.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="672" data-original-width="504" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha1MNFeShElTHDaj1AULGhwHKAQI9x5566-47_u1mm6BY17sKzcs9vC-PJiiw2zUCrGKNeGjTkihyiXaGk0z_Ks-rYF9E-01rWmicVfpPyEQcBu1NuzW2Jf4-HcHqtmMZ7jDcMYfkafenfIKOJBwYDCNm6CmWOt5XjieWptImr7QLWdT2HFpwpOaItNw/s320/Prentiss%20Fogler%20of%20Hope%20CO%20I%2020TH%20MAINE%20INFANTRY.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Prentiss M. Fogler<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> About the same time that he was guiding Bontecou and his crew, Chancellor was contacted by Prentiss M. Fogler of Hope, Maine. Fogler had somehow become aware of Chancellor's list of known burials of U.S. soldiers in the Spotsylvania area. He requested Chancellor's help in locating and retrieving the remains of his brother-in-law, Sergeant John D. Leach [2]. Both men served in Company I of the 20th Maine Infantry, which Fogler had commanded. Leach had been killed in action in the Wilderness on May 7, 1864, and was buried in the 5th Corps hospital cemetery there.</p><p> Prior to meeting Fogler, Chancellor removed Leach's head board from his grave and took it to his house for safe keeping. He placed his own marker on the grave so that, it would seem, only he would be able to locate Leach's grave. </p><p> Fogler and Chancellor met Saturday, April 21, 1866. With them was William H. King [3], who later worked as the porter at the Exchange Hotel. King offered to drive Fogler out to the cemetery in his wagon for $12. At this point, Chancellor spoke up and said that since he had removed Leach's head board, King would not be able to identify his grave. Chancellor said that he was willing to accompany Fogler and King and designate the grave. His fee was $20. Fogler realized that he had no other choice than to accept Chancellor's offer, so the three of them, together with Sanford E. Chaffee [4], went out to the 5th Corps hospital cemetery. On the way there, they stopped by Chancellor's house to retrieve Leach's head board. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjngnkDjN5snifzXhKY0spyV3kZmG7ocXoIxyqZVShQGCjnJqCAfavvExVHNWNkfKxrvpUYFeKPc-iS4Cak67KN0j_R1HLHbktJDLQQ6iThEIzmcT-T9VmH_bGrY6LrwYWPUDK5LK0gxitmlex7-Fs2K0-hJSRpUlMwzWRWAs4qtAeQafT6wWEl7dmenw/s860/Henry%20A.%20Hambright.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="860" data-original-width="834" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjngnkDjN5snifzXhKY0spyV3kZmG7ocXoIxyqZVShQGCjnJqCAfavvExVHNWNkfKxrvpUYFeKPc-iS4Cak67KN0j_R1HLHbktJDLQQ6iThEIzmcT-T9VmH_bGrY6LrwYWPUDK5LK0gxitmlex7-Fs2K0-hJSRpUlMwzWRWAs4qtAeQafT6wWEl7dmenw/s320/Henry%20A.%20Hambright.png" width="310" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Colonel Henry A. Hambright<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Fogler was decidedly unhappy about the way Chancellor conducted his business with him. As soon as he returned to Fredericksburg, he went to the office of Colonel Henry A. Hambright [4], the provost marshal, whose office was located at the corner of Princess Anne and George streets. Fogler wrote an affidavit, witnessed by Hambright's adjutant, Richard Robins attesting to his experience that day. Fogler was quite angry about being charged $20 for three hours work, not to mention the fact that Leach's head board had been removed prior to his trip to the cemetery, which forced him to accept Chancellor's terms. </p><p> On April 27, 1866, Colonel Hambright wrote a letter to General Edward W. Smith, assistant adjutant general in Richmond:</p><p>"Sir,</p><p>I have the honor to report that I have arrested Mr. George E. Chancellor on the charge of removing the head board from the grave of a Union soldier. The charge was made by Mr. P.M. Fogler of Hope, Maine, a copy of which I herewith enclose, the original being a file in my office.</p><p>Mr. Chancellor states that he advertises a list of names of men whose graves he can designate. Mr. Fogler seeing the name of 1st Sergt. John D. Leach Co. I 20th Maine Vols. on the list wrote Mr. Chancellor to find out about said grave. Mr. Chancellor answered his letter when Mr. Fogler wrote that he would send some one for the body who would see Mr. Chancellor about it. Mr. Chancellor immediately removed the head board from the grave, as he says, placing his own mark there to designate the spot then he gave his reason for taking the head board as follows--that he was afraid the head board would be destroyed in some [manner] and then when Mr. Fogler came down he would not be able to designate the grave. Mr. Fogler came down and hired Mr. [William] H. King of Fredericksburg to convey him to the grave of 1st Sergt. John D. Leach Co. I 20th Maine Vols. on the Wilderness Battle field where the 5th Corps hospital had been established, take up the body and return to Fredericksburg with it for the sum of $12. Mr. Chancellor being near said that they would not be able to find the grave as he had removed the head board but would show Mr. Fogler the grave and take up the body for $20 which bargain Mr. Fogler was obliged to make.</p><p>Mr. Chancellor having given the above facts I gave him his liberty upon his signing an agreement to appear upon being sent for. </p><p>I remain, sir, your most obt. servt.</p><p>H.A. Hambright"</p><p> Two days after this letter was written to General Smith, William H. King and Samuel E. Chaffee [5] came to Hambright's office, where each submitted his own affidavit. King said that after Fogler learned it would cost him $20 to be shown the grave site of Sergeant Leach, "We then started to the grave, on our way we stopped at Mr. Chancellor's house. There I saw the head board. It was put in my wagon. When we arrived at the grave Mr. Chancellor dug up the body and put it in the coffin."</p><p> Mr. Chaffee, who was also a witness to this affair, stated: "I heard Mr. Fogler ask Mr. Chancellor if he could show him the grave of Sergt. Leach and he replied that he could for he had the head board at his house. And he added that he had taken it up to prevent it from being destroyed. I also saw the head boart at the house of Mr. Chancellor the same afternoon."</p><p> It is not known what consequences George Chancellor may have faced for his actions, but he was sufficiently concerned to get word of his difficulties to Dr. Bontecou, who came to Fredericksburg and wrote a letter on Chancellor's behalf. I am unable to tell for certain whether his letter was intended for Hambright or Smith, but I think that General Smith did at least see this letter:</p><p>"Fredericksburgh, Va</p><p>Apr 29--1866</p><p>Dear Sir</p><p>I desire to state what I know of Geo. E. Chancellor who has shown myself and party great attention & friendship on three visits recently made to the battlefields of Chancellorsville, Wilderness & Spotsylvania. He resides near the Wilderness and is engaged with his brother [Vespasian Chancellor] in cultivating a farm, is of excellent character & is respected by all who know him. His thorough knowledge of the country led me to secure his company in showing all the points of interest, and in these rambles I have observed him to replace many head boards of U.S. soldiers that had been disturbed and seemed to manifest and earnest desire to preserve their condition. I have volunteered to make this statement from having heard to day that complaint had been made of his having removed head boards. I do not pretend to know the merits of the case in question other than the grounds about the graves are an open common exposed to fires and depredations by hogs, indeed I saw many not many rods from that house the remains of three soldiers that been rooted up by the hogs and several head boards plainly marked lying about the ground in the vicinity of the graves.</p><p>I do not believe that Mr. Chancellor would willfully destroy the identity of any grave, but would rather trouble himself to preserve such. He has been able to give great assistance to parties from the North looking after friends which his intimate knowledge of the Battle grounds renders a good value.</p><p>I have recently taken a series of Photographic views of our line of works from the Wilderness to Spotsylvania for the Army Med[ical] Museum and have observed many remains of men that never have been buried, and many quite imperfectly covered, their heads & feet now exposed.</p><p>I should judge that on the Chancellorsville fields there are one hundred skulls lying about. Mr. Chancellor would be of great service in pointing out the locations of these to any party the government might send to gather them up.</p><p>I have the honor to be very respectfully & truly yours</p><p>R.B. Bontecou</p><p>Bvt. Lt. Col. & Surgeon Harewood USA Gen' Hospital"</p><p> The influence of Dr. Bontecou seemed to clear this matter up for George Chancellor, who was apparently summoned to the office of General Smith in Richmond. On May 3, 1866, Chancellor wrote a letter to Smith, reminding him that he had promised to compensate Chancellor for the expenses he incurred to make the trip to Richmond and for his absence from his farm. </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>[1] Prentiss Mellan Fogler (1838-1897) was born on his family's farm in Hope, Maine. He attended the Westbrook Seminary (now Westbrook College) in Portland, Maine. He commanded Company I of the 20th Maine Volunteers, which achieved a measure of immortality for its heroic defense of Little Round Top during the Battle of Gettysburg. The regiment's commander, Colonel Joshua Chamberlain, won the Congressional Medal of Honor for his actions that day. After the war, Fogler served as secretary to Governor Joshua Chamberlain, was the registrar of deeds for Kennebec County for 20 years and served as assistant secretary of the state senate. In 1897, he died as the result of burns received when a lantern he was carrying shattered after he stumbled and fell, covering his arms with burning oil.</p><p>[2] John D. Leach (1839-1864) was born on his family's farm in Hope, Maine. Just prior to his enlistment in the 20th Maine, he married the sister of Prentiss Fogler. Despite the unpleasantness experienced by Fogler in retrieving his body, Leach's remains were successfully transported to Maine and laid to rest in West Rockport Cemetery.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLSeJL5s8lvmMBTZ5BmKxXs2r_nP4d9QEVNldnDr3uUmew4Oo5ZokpfPzuSq0Q-CW3tChRtdDmOuky_2s0xfhdcWI2HBbMfsaE6m5UUQKKVRa1lCtKPQq8tUV9l7ukGmioV3CQ0ofGdIEjZTDT0W2oy6sk16UwV8-SYj8aU31moZQ_W4fjoGXFIV4ORw/s2211/John%20D.%20Leach.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2211" data-original-width="1710" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLSeJL5s8lvmMBTZ5BmKxXs2r_nP4d9QEVNldnDr3uUmew4Oo5ZokpfPzuSq0Q-CW3tChRtdDmOuky_2s0xfhdcWI2HBbMfsaE6m5UUQKKVRa1lCtKPQq8tUV9l7ukGmioV3CQ0ofGdIEjZTDT0W2oy6sk16UwV8-SYj8aU31moZQ_W4fjoGXFIV4ORw/s320/John%20D.%20Leach.jpg" width="247" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>[3] William H. King (1844-1869) was born in Rochester, New York and came to Fredericksburg shortly after the Civil War. He worked as the porter at the Exchange Hotel. He married Fredericksburg native Margaret Jennings, a seamstress, in 1868. The following year, William King died of tuberculosis, and Margaret returned to the household of her widowed father, a shoemaker. After his death from tuberculosis in 1875, Margaret lived with her brother for a number of years. She spent the last 24 years of her life in the Fredericksburg Alms House, where she did of tuberculosis and syphilis in 1918</p><p>[4] Henry Augustus Hambright (1819-1893) was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He was a veteran of the Mexican War, and worked as a public works contractor prior to the Civil War. He commanded the 79th Pennsylvania Volunteers until he was mustered out in June 1865. He then served for 14 years in the 11th United States Infantry. He served in several posts until his retirement in 1879, including duty as provost marshal in Fredericksburg January-June 1866.<br /></p><p>[5] Samuel Erasmus Chaffee (1838-1920) was born in East Windsor, Connecticut. Just prior to the Civil War he worked as an axle maker. During the Civil war he served in the 20th Connecticut Infantry. He came to Fredericksburg shortly after the Civil War, and was appointed by the military authority as the city tax collector and as a justice of the peace. In October 1869 he married Fredericksburg native Mary Elizabeth Turner. They had one son, James Sanford. Samuel Chaffee returned to Connecticut sometime during the 1870s, leaving his wife and son behind. Mary and James lived with her parents until their deaths, then she lived with brother, Fredericksburg merchant William G. Turner. Mary died in 1923.</p><p><br /></p><p>My primary source for the details surrounding George Chancellor's involvement with Prentiss Fogler is at Ancestry.com--U.S., Union Provost Marshal Papers, 1861-1867<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p><br /></p><p> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-65007454225955086932022-04-09T15:05:00.018-04:002022-04-10T04:47:42.546-04:00"I may never see you all again"<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKoK5zCWPrP9JqqOMx3COUIFLUNwOvz0keV8x4HgVNCoQjxOTRyW6uhdYoMSgBqygBvlNmhi_EhTDNS7oUr6vOkDGQobRdnfBhAAox6S7jFBVZi0YTORX_yXDNriaYx6z8HxDpLclnelJ0UNF0SWefj6zUBr5sewj_1NXBjM_cL7L5HRv2OapiZOeGzg/s1858/SALEM%20CHURCH%20(CMLS).jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1104" data-original-width="1858" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKoK5zCWPrP9JqqOMx3COUIFLUNwOvz0keV8x4HgVNCoQjxOTRyW6uhdYoMSgBqygBvlNmhi_EhTDNS7oUr6vOkDGQobRdnfBhAAox6S7jFBVZi0YTORX_yXDNriaYx6z8HxDpLclnelJ0UNF0SWefj6zUBr5sewj_1NXBjM_cL7L5HRv2OapiZOeGzg/s320/SALEM%20CHURCH%20(CMLS).jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Salem Baptist Church, 1870s (Confederate Memorial Literary Society)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> John C. Davis was born in 1837 on a farm in Limestone County, just west of Huntsville, Alabama. He was the oldest of fourteen children born to Elizabeth Covington Davis and James Brown Davis, a farmer, slave owner, constable and justice of the peace. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSOvnmF_jE5YQjOpttquYtm2qdVRpk-xKFU3-h8ZSHeNK2cxGhtdCswQawKQxfrAkWR10WKZ0ym2T0W7tJ4J6GoM3id6EGG3zlshF3vgBve4lBDU8UEBWSL-jpxVohVivGRBlLLorYt49N91L4gPHZ7EheVSnfA7QVfnRoiJKKOFAYLHsyID5BVDmmIQ/s1310/Screen%20Shot%202022-04-09%20at%2012.47.20%20PM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1310" data-original-width="1054" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSOvnmF_jE5YQjOpttquYtm2qdVRpk-xKFU3-h8ZSHeNK2cxGhtdCswQawKQxfrAkWR10WKZ0ym2T0W7tJ4J6GoM3id6EGG3zlshF3vgBve4lBDU8UEBWSL-jpxVohVivGRBlLLorYt49N91L4gPHZ7EheVSnfA7QVfnRoiJKKOFAYLHsyID5BVDmmIQ/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-04-09%20at%2012.47.20%20PM.png" width="257" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">James Brown Davis (Ancestry)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibMjFnrr1a_cZUWyVjUC6-OmVB8Smk78SKR8b98EzF1-nxZOY-Ipk9jFYbtRPVhbKqBCkc_So9y2K8sCm5o8GL_XR-bXarq1Y4CR5fJNUAMEpt82ahjsATeJ12GK4VOpBpzn-waKnbrG0HPhcwtEuabe8-a6dNqN8b2o8TJREcM-Mteyo6KkN0sFkSjA/s1314/Screen%20Shot%202022-04-09%20at%2012.47.50%20PM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1314" data-original-width="1036" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibMjFnrr1a_cZUWyVjUC6-OmVB8Smk78SKR8b98EzF1-nxZOY-Ipk9jFYbtRPVhbKqBCkc_So9y2K8sCm5o8GL_XR-bXarq1Y4CR5fJNUAMEpt82ahjsATeJ12GK4VOpBpzn-waKnbrG0HPhcwtEuabe8-a6dNqN8b2o8TJREcM-Mteyo6KkN0sFkSjA/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-04-09%20at%2012.47.50%20PM.png" width="252" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Elizabeth Covington Davis (Ancestry)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> John C. Davis married Elizabeth Jane Jackson by the mid-1850s and they had at least three children together--James "Buck" Buchanan, Mary Helen and Elizabeth. By 1860 the Davis family was living on a farm, one they likely rented. </p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb0vpuZB2CxOauyuW--22T65zgZdYAw6ejeBgqyLCf7oTZrqhVZQptZiIa9yVtwdlov4vUdOQ5DweMzB0NyLUYiAVtYowPUAaKv20QwGESyoiHsPiNntKhuT9h1Lcg4ROslCAvJ9FoAGHunc4W5J0Ja85FYTWMJfqYSrY1BehVmXu1XIyPaRZBwTB5_A/s2749/Muster.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2749" data-original-width="1806" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb0vpuZB2CxOauyuW--22T65zgZdYAw6ejeBgqyLCf7oTZrqhVZQptZiIa9yVtwdlov4vUdOQ5DweMzB0NyLUYiAVtYowPUAaKv20QwGESyoiHsPiNntKhuT9h1Lcg4ROslCAvJ9FoAGHunc4W5J0Ja85FYTWMJfqYSrY1BehVmXu1XIyPaRZBwTB5_A/s320/Muster.jpeg" width="210" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Muster of new recruits in Company H, 9th Alabama<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> John enlisted in Company H of the 9th Alabama Infantry in Athens, Alabama on March 22, 1862. He was soon sent to Virginia to join the rest of his regiment. Like many new recruits, John soon fell ill with one of the many ailments that afflicted soldiers new to camp life. He was twice a patient at Chimborazo Hospital No. 4 in Richmond during the summer of 1862, with a diagnosis of "Debility," meaning general weakness from some undiagnosed illness. He returned to active duty after his second hospital stay on September 28.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAlPV2hwSmwgQ4-7zUZ7Zl-xR4PIncK1gq8gdMDQFW-hVufVHSWo3utmmVEK-n4XbwA7_bwXbcItDL9BxJ5q-qQgnnfs7mhwWdnG0iGRQjW8Yuck0IscWM3GEerbZlRVO518osDiPkuWOYwyL5v8CDuVtJqnisloHVbxEIvpihq49dZeoeUEaj7mGgCw/s2279/Letter.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2279" data-original-width="1846" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAlPV2hwSmwgQ4-7zUZ7Zl-xR4PIncK1gq8gdMDQFW-hVufVHSWo3utmmVEK-n4XbwA7_bwXbcItDL9BxJ5q-qQgnnfs7mhwWdnG0iGRQjW8Yuck0IscWM3GEerbZlRVO518osDiPkuWOYwyL5v8CDuVtJqnisloHVbxEIvpihq49dZeoeUEaj7mGgCw/s320/Letter.jpeg" width="259" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">First page of John's letter to Betty Jane<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Just three days before the Battle of Chancellorsville, John sat down to write a four-page letter to his wife. My transcription of this letter follows below. To make it easier to read, I have corrected many of his misspellings but have otherwise let his writing speak for itself. </p><p><i>April the 28th 1863</i></p><p><i>Camp Near Fredericksburg Virginia</i></p><p><i>Elizabeth Jane</i></p><p><i>Dear Miss</i></p><p><i>After my love and respects to you I will answer your very welcome letter. I received it a few days ago and was mighty glad to hear from you all and you were all well, was very good news. You gave me great satisfaction to hear and see a letter should come from under your loving hand. Betty Jane I can look at it and think that your hand has been the instruction of it & I can bring the very image of your lovely looks. Betty Jane I can see that black spot on your face in my mind as plain as noon day. Betty Jane never cease writing me for I love to hear from you and the little children. Now if I just could see Buck & Mary's little sharp teeth a-smiling at me once more. Betty, you say that you have a mighty pretty little girl [Elizabeth Jane, their youngest child]. Well Betty I expect she is pretty if she is any kin to Mary. Betty I know Mary is a pretty child. Her eyes will always help her out for beauty. Please give me the Baby's name in full. I thought I never would ask you her name because you would not tell me. But Betty it is no time for curiosity for I may never see you all again. Tell Buck to go to school and you try to encourage him to learn. For if I ever should get home I am determining to educate him if he will partake of it and if I should never get home I will Request you to give him good learning if you have to live on dry Bread never think Poor folks can't send their children to school it is all a mistake. We know that if you could live with his work you could live without it. Betty I reckon it will be a great while before I can see you again but make yourself sure if we can but only live that time will surely slip off after a while and then it will be for life time. I do not intend to ever go into another war. It is a rough one and when I get home again it will take a great deal more than the Yankees ever done to make me mad enough to come away to old Virginia and leave all that is near and dear to and bind myself tighter than any negro you ever saw. I tell you my dear Betty Jane I can never do it again. You say a heap of the Boys have deserted. I can't blame them much for they do not treat the private soldiers right. You written to me that you was glad when the cavalry came in there a-picking up the Conscripts that I was gone. I will join you there. I am glad I was not there but I wish I had a-stayed longer and a-got in Thompson's Cavalry and then I would have a-been so much closer to home. You said that you would not blame me to desert. Betty I would be afraid that you would not give me anything to Eat. Well do not think I shall ever desert if I am treated as well as I have been. We do not get enough to eat. We get a quarter of a pound of Bacon and a heap of time there is half of that dirt and a pound and 2 ounces of flour and then it is all [illegible]. We have got two messes of Irish potatoes this spring. Tell me in your next letter all of the deserters' names and do not let everybody be a-reading your letter. It is not concerning anybody but you. What I write to you I do not care for pap a-reading them. Tell me whether Sam Cot was in the army or not. Tell me whether Pink Davis has ever gone back to the army and all about the connection. You take good care of all the things. Mind the horses and do not let them be rode to death. I expect my saddle and my fiddle will both be ruined before I ever get home. Well my paper is gone and I must stop for this time.</i></p><p><i>John C. Davis to Elizabeth Jane Davis</i></p><p><i> </i>At the time John wrote this letter, the 9th Infantry was one of five Alabama regiments in the brigade commanded by General Cadmus Wilcox. This brigade would undertake some serious work in the days ahead.</p><p><i> </i>On the morning of May 3, 1863, Union forces commanded by General John Sedgwick attacked General Jubal Early's Confederates defending Fredericksburg. This was the beginning of an effort to open a second front against General Robert E. Lee's troops at Chancellorsville. The outnumbered Confederates were pushed off Marye's Heights, and the Federals began to march west on the Orange Turnpike (modern Route 3) toward Chancellorsville. Most of Early's troops retreated a couple of miles south to defend the railroad to Richmond. Hearing that Sedgwick had dislodged the defenders at Fredericksburg, Lee sent the divisions of McLaws and Mahone to reinforce Early.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgChUUQksOnqg4GO4ZHNAjm-mjAgRBTf4nCnUz0xnUD2nm2Hdegz8BPhmL2CFJSKadtD7gImzxH7aj9M7JDwdDU1b611PGfUxm2KN_kJanztWRmwY4fzv9jtYntR-d6rK5OV6d-X6RqDXLekGsesbsfQp-EqK_xsG-kZUumszNvscAaLZchjs8u29m85w/s4032/Map.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgChUUQksOnqg4GO4ZHNAjm-mjAgRBTf4nCnUz0xnUD2nm2Hdegz8BPhmL2CFJSKadtD7gImzxH7aj9M7JDwdDU1b611PGfUxm2KN_kJanztWRmwY4fzv9jtYntR-d6rK5OV6d-X6RqDXLekGsesbsfQp-EqK_xsG-kZUumszNvscAaLZchjs8u29m85w/s320/Map.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Battle of Salem Church (Official Military Atlas of the Civil War)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Wilcox's brigade, which had been guarding Bank's Ford on the Rappahannock, moved to the turnpike and occupied a position across the road at Salem Baptist Church. They were soon joined by McLaw's and Mahone's men. Wilcox set up a skirmish line, which included two pieces of artillery, at the turnpike's toll gate about a mile east of his main line at Salem Church. After exchanging a few shots with these Confederates, the U.S. army then pushed them back and advanced toward the church.</p><p> The men of the 9th Alabama, together with those of the 10th Alabama, stopped the advance of the 121st New York, which suffered fifty percent casualties. Then the 9th, 10th and 14th Alabama, joined by the 51st Georgia, pushed the Union troops back toward the toll gate, where their artillery was placed. The retreating soldiers in blue reformed their line there, and poured withering fire into the charging Confederates. Wilcox called off the attack shortly before dusk.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi09XFz3rpP7_eap7sUWBfFl1gV163OR7dOkgODjhtUdWiMkIctqOBlUGrWu-dqAuXJ19GwsTaSvNKVZWWZrKu4CDj51YNYfikS9kCCY0P0jB868pkyhN5SRtMQGccasLPm0FntuJILabe8Btgi-53KW5x_tIoX8EWISHmV54qJwTGh2-FlNqYnGC0yRA/s1652/Hospital%20LOC.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1092" data-original-width="1652" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi09XFz3rpP7_eap7sUWBfFl1gV163OR7dOkgODjhtUdWiMkIctqOBlUGrWu-dqAuXJ19GwsTaSvNKVZWWZrKu4CDj51YNYfikS9kCCY0P0jB868pkyhN5SRtMQGccasLPm0FntuJILabe8Btgi-53KW5x_tIoX8EWISHmV54qJwTGh2-FlNqYnGC0yRA/s320/Hospital%20LOC.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Salem Baptist Church (Library of Congress)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHvvhvWygjJR8rXTFPb534L9xBrQLtHKt8j6y_AGYSq1x0AiBAbtlb9lQIVf2hvEaLEQfsggC_JsekXLPa_YrD99hxgV_MsYcErsAmukfz39iFFbS75eYdZ9rqKw4GIz6Zgu2nxGUq0EcM4AJatN4gt1eSZsVQwN5z8XkFzWgKxDxij9p1KAlFYQ_WZw/s900/NPS.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="784" data-original-width="900" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHvvhvWygjJR8rXTFPb534L9xBrQLtHKt8j6y_AGYSq1x0AiBAbtlb9lQIVf2hvEaLEQfsggC_JsekXLPa_YrD99hxgV_MsYcErsAmukfz39iFFbS75eYdZ9rqKw4GIz6Zgu2nxGUq0EcM4AJatN4gt1eSZsVQwN5z8XkFzWgKxDxij9p1KAlFYQ_WZw/s320/NPS.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Salem Baptist Church (National Park Service)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> A makeshift hospital was set up at Salem Church, and hundreds of wounded soldiers were brought there for treatment. Among those men was John C. Davis, who died of his injuries. John and the many others who died there were buried in the church yard. Later, his remains were taken to the Confederate Cemetery in Fredericksburg.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3warcVEtjUWBIzkNRtgNi4sptJTcN0otITuW4JrZ1hDjmzMAY5r5cmxgHzEn9D7WbTs3k0SaNjC_sveGMpt5wyjIIC3OuifJOu7dlKqIGnwbS8gBgWFCgVIWggaFlzcSsxC9gY_E2vvxyeTHi1YJxt_xQgsLkl8ZVsaIYYQgUl0vGYjSUaXsJOXA8ug/s2304/John%20C.%20Davis%20headstone.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2304" data-original-width="1728" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3warcVEtjUWBIzkNRtgNi4sptJTcN0otITuW4JrZ1hDjmzMAY5r5cmxgHzEn9D7WbTs3k0SaNjC_sveGMpt5wyjIIC3OuifJOu7dlKqIGnwbS8gBgWFCgVIWggaFlzcSsxC9gY_E2vvxyeTHi1YJxt_xQgsLkl8ZVsaIYYQgUl0vGYjSUaXsJOXA8ug/s320/John%20C.%20Davis%20headstone.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Headstone of John C. Davis (Dan Janzegers)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">Sources:</p><p style="text-align: left;">-John C. Davis's letter was shared with one of my readers by one of his descendants, Robin Burchfield</p><p style="text-align: left;">-Ancestry.com</p><p style="text-align: left;">-Fold3.com</p><p style="text-align: left;">-<a href="https://www.historynet.com/battle-of-salem-church-final-federal-assault-at-chancellorsville/">Battle of Salem Church: Final Federal Assault at Chancellorsville</a><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-14366512546458859262022-03-26T16:25:00.002-04:002022-03-26T19:15:23.476-04:00Reverend Elmer Grant Barnum<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQNcE_U_khrC-93S8Ie1uVBNVqkhu8k_y0tHC903HztC-M3msM09phCJnz_dhRGa0OlmvOnOf32cWRFJOPIwPvLyN0iRrJ47KHA49gUTkxoKE8uK6O91QrWSkKn1kfAOZpWWIYKq4LKpzeiM7YpFG7UITtfRyyv5ZU7jP-8gpreY7VK-rN__95qDoahg/s1050/Screen%20Shot%202022-03-26%20at%201.52.18%20PM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1050" data-original-width="698" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQNcE_U_khrC-93S8Ie1uVBNVqkhu8k_y0tHC903HztC-M3msM09phCJnz_dhRGa0OlmvOnOf32cWRFJOPIwPvLyN0iRrJ47KHA49gUTkxoKE8uK6O91QrWSkKn1kfAOZpWWIYKq4LKpzeiM7YpFG7UITtfRyyv5ZU7jP-8gpreY7VK-rN__95qDoahg/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-03-26%20at%201.52.18%20PM.png" width="213" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Elmer Grant Barnum<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> Elmer Grant Barnum was born in New York near Lake Ontario in the farming community of Sanborn, Niagara County, on October 14, 1868. He earned a master of arts degree from the University of Rochester in 1896 and became a member of prestigious Phi Beta Kappa, the oldest academic honor society in the United States. He then attended the Rochester Theological Seminary (forerunner of today's Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School) and completed his studies in 1900.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> On November 21, 1900 he married Edna Westfall, who was the librarian at the seminary. Edna was the daughter of Gilbert and Emma Westfall of Rochester, where her father, previously a farmer, was a grocer and milk delivery man. The following year, the American Home Baptist Missionary Society selected Elmer to travel across the country to the little mining town of Republic, Washington to provide religious leadership to its residents. Elmer and Edna spent one year in Republic before returning to New York. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> In 1902, Edna's father bought a farm in Girdletree, Maryland. Elmer and Edna moved to the farm with her parents, and for a time Elmer managed the farm for the Westfalls. On July 10, 1903 Mildred Edith, who would be the Barnums' only child, was born in Girdletree. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Elmer managed the farm for his father-in-law, who bred sheep, cattle and hogs. While Elmer was a stock man himself, his true calling was that of a minister and educator. Soon after his arrival in Girdletree, he became the principal of the local high school and a preacher in the Baptist church.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> </p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHEoUmEbClY7LsDlle5vCsao3hEZv2iSzM0gKtACs8aQCARvSdajTW8uFKCSNPziw_ZftqPiB5Be9aGWobsdhM_vEFuctSMG3MOqJ_C_YgufxWFXfJibQKLtotZPzWJlHVb_xnfTTjFXoTJG2h_LRivznL6gW5tvNAqaVfd_9pnOjAjbkLMkGsfeQIJw/s1176/Screen%20Shot%202022-03-26%20at%202.16.33%20PM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1176" data-original-width="1108" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHEoUmEbClY7LsDlle5vCsao3hEZv2iSzM0gKtACs8aQCARvSdajTW8uFKCSNPziw_ZftqPiB5Be9aGWobsdhM_vEFuctSMG3MOqJ_C_YgufxWFXfJibQKLtotZPzWJlHVb_xnfTTjFXoTJG2h_LRivznL6gW5tvNAqaVfd_9pnOjAjbkLMkGsfeQIJw/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-03-26%20at%202.16.33%20PM.png" width="301" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Democratic Messenger</i>, 27 May 1905</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYC3erC9xeRlqyU-Mc4--N_RwJbuxX7RiL6R7TsLJStfAZ56lt4G7uGarSbkPZ9v1RlaNEeXqjIGr-_xiZwFfGXAmHd7Z0TWiX9yzXhX15LlCazWu2DRbJSNEFFsifinNJFyP72f_MpYLKGWRVxdUkKzH4bw85on0yaCd-NyTFfqZo5PP663RRHN7Stw/s548/Screen%20Shot%202022-03-26%20at%202.20.28%20PM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="496" data-original-width="548" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYC3erC9xeRlqyU-Mc4--N_RwJbuxX7RiL6R7TsLJStfAZ56lt4G7uGarSbkPZ9v1RlaNEeXqjIGr-_xiZwFfGXAmHd7Z0TWiX9yzXhX15LlCazWu2DRbJSNEFFsifinNJFyP72f_MpYLKGWRVxdUkKzH4bw85on0yaCd-NyTFfqZo5PP663RRHN7Stw/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-03-26%20at%202.20.28%20PM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Democratic Messenger</i>, 24 November 1906<br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> Although they seemed to be prospering in Maryland, the Barnums and Westfalls made the decision to move to Stafford County, Virginia in 1908. Gilbert bought the 200-acre Riverside Farm on River Road, and he and Elmer resumed their business together as stock breeders. As he had done in Girdletree, Elmer continued his career as a pastor in Stafford County. He served as a minister at both Falmouth and Bethany Baptist churches until 1911. Elmer and his family moved to Fredericksburg that year and he was soon thereafter asked to assume the pastorship of four Baptist churches in Spotsylvania County--Salem, Goshen, Wilderness and Ely's Ford. His congregation at Falmouth Baptist Church was sad to see him go, and published a resolution to that effect in <i>The Free Lance.</i></p><p style="text-align: left;"><i> </i></p><p style="text-align: left;"><i></i></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6w006YrN4TMtybKHSe-7prt05vg9yD2EQx2yLBG_LmHwdcbpYAs28EtSd5IGSEzIMRFrLOmK9-66D2aaPZ1nshu3S-43OhnefAm74dv2PqPezgjD4hzMJLYECeziNaIiUbB25e4GkSzR-PUsFbHB2asclF9hURGEVj2q5XcFn9xcFTa3glCRloP7reA/s762/FL%2017%20Aug%201911.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="762" data-original-width="598" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6w006YrN4TMtybKHSe-7prt05vg9yD2EQx2yLBG_LmHwdcbpYAs28EtSd5IGSEzIMRFrLOmK9-66D2aaPZ1nshu3S-43OhnefAm74dv2PqPezgjD4hzMJLYECeziNaIiUbB25e4GkSzR-PUsFbHB2asclF9hURGEVj2q5XcFn9xcFTa3glCRloP7reA/s320/FL%2017%20Aug%201911.png" width="251" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance</i>, 17 August 1911</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><i><br /></i></p><p style="text-align: center;"><i> </i></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg9OETeSG8rnUUpSZlRjo1AZiTqRmqc2iqbzRLs2s2rRaacPdb0vQ0dzAzwEr-m3j9N1LPuwuXn9s4zUjXan62ymtqDvn98C1f250ajosjCa1W4gU_mZ3Gk8Um5lX1vegzmB53fgMTkm69RUiJChIXf-ajDcVdJJDH_o9u9SrXM6BdB_kN1DYvbxKctg/s966/FL%207%20Sep%201911.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="966" data-original-width="440" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg9OETeSG8rnUUpSZlRjo1AZiTqRmqc2iqbzRLs2s2rRaacPdb0vQ0dzAzwEr-m3j9N1LPuwuXn9s4zUjXan62ymtqDvn98C1f250ajosjCa1W4gU_mZ3Gk8Um5lX1vegzmB53fgMTkm69RUiJChIXf-ajDcVdJJDH_o9u9SrXM6BdB_kN1DYvbxKctg/s320/FL%207%20Sep%201911.png" width="146" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance</i>, 7 September 1911<br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><i> </i>At some time prior to 1920, Elmer moved to Spotsylvania County to be nearer his churches. The Barnums lived at "Pleasant View," which had been the home of the late <a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2019/09/i-was-threatened-with-being-hung-with.html" target="_blank">Absalom McGee</a>, located on the north side of Route 3 near McLaws Drive. Absalom's widow, Cicely Timberlake McGee, sold the house and 30 acres to Elmer in 1921.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> In addition to the four Baptist Churches mentioned above, Reverend Barnum over time also became the minister at Zoan in Spotsylvania and Flat Run in Orange County. While he undoubtedly left a lasting impression at each church he served, his most enduring legacy was at Goshen Baptist Church. When Elmer became the minister there, the existing church building was still the small structure erected in 1875. In 1912, Goshen's building committee laid plans for the construction of a new sanctuary. Reverend Barnum drew up plans for the new church and made a miniature model of its design. Elmer did much of the actual construction work himself, including making the large wooden columns for the front of the church (during the installation of one of these columns he fell to the ground, but escaped serious injury). The new building was completed in 1913, and remained standing until 1957, when it was replaced by the brick sanctuary that stands today.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1h6lW7uM28QEO4FmQiKm_g_XlgUlcOmGbheSAOvaxVCmM4ytvb3xLHPnJRpWOLkCBBSdCWVVxriDeqpr9TB_cH44lr8QDTc-mkZP_1xAoBDDRLGYv3cMeIJZZgskf9VHHN0k_1tz-5xmRA_xpqHY12uhrZO622445NJq_5swqijPa7dsVjebFtIaMAA/s1280/Goshen1875.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="864" data-original-width="1280" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1h6lW7uM28QEO4FmQiKm_g_XlgUlcOmGbheSAOvaxVCmM4ytvb3xLHPnJRpWOLkCBBSdCWVVxriDeqpr9TB_cH44lr8QDTc-mkZP_1xAoBDDRLGYv3cMeIJZZgskf9VHHN0k_1tz-5xmRA_xpqHY12uhrZO622445NJq_5swqijPa7dsVjebFtIaMAA/s320/Goshen1875.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Goshen Baptist Church 1875-1913<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8pDowZanONzNAVcCi8fnE5i_RB62fteO5uX36_8eb6znezGVL6uQUIZsS8L52u3n_y1b3Fhz8L9QLtJ8gP2EKtJ-V0nEzxKx5MZgTDnxTD4BXE-35CoJBXJMI1jNROP6K5Q8KX_fveGSPzdEeZkSdNs0b32Jm9SiCs4DU_XrrwF2OhF4u8Uj_Vds5CA/s1280/Goshen.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1041" data-original-width="1280" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8pDowZanONzNAVcCi8fnE5i_RB62fteO5uX36_8eb6znezGVL6uQUIZsS8L52u3n_y1b3Fhz8L9QLtJ8gP2EKtJ-V0nEzxKx5MZgTDnxTD4BXE-35CoJBXJMI1jNROP6K5Q8KX_fveGSPzdEeZkSdNs0b32Jm9SiCs4DU_XrrwF2OhF4u8Uj_Vds5CA/s320/Goshen.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Goshen Baptist Church 1913-1957<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> The newly built Chancellor School on Old Plank Road was dedicated in December 1912. The school offered classes for grades 1-12, and was the first public high school in Spotsylvania County. Mildred Barnum was a student there, as seen in this photograph of the high school students and principal taken about 1920 (she is number 11):</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiCk6-MXKtw2dXUKm3SgSCUKbrMYD4IGVihpcsvVC5ChJ9eDqvzFkE23JpjWRvgZwqQj-F0xDawxnZxV6_kWrnbb8tOx0Vc5h93beMBzkITeal_QFYlp8xacTuA00CflF1PyLuHsR81kpmB2JkI0MgBT7gixEm0iG0XHIxg-fbexnfftqMbYkHOJu8Mg/s1280/chancellorsville%20high.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="995" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiCk6-MXKtw2dXUKm3SgSCUKbrMYD4IGVihpcsvVC5ChJ9eDqvzFkE23JpjWRvgZwqQj-F0xDawxnZxV6_kWrnbb8tOx0Vc5h93beMBzkITeal_QFYlp8xacTuA00CflF1PyLuHsR81kpmB2JkI0MgBT7gixEm0iG0XHIxg-fbexnfftqMbYkHOJu8Mg/s320/chancellorsville%20high.jpg" width="249" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Following her graduation from Chancellor, Mildred attended the State Normal School in Fredericksburg, the forerunner of today's University of Mary Washington. She graduated in 1923.<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLYFx8x6uGMznyaOV_3uI66RFFySYIA0UhnP9Hsbt1Z6J4Fwg4pMKD49yZs5fiyTm_sw-5osE3p1nM3QD8PzIDZsAAkHea8lcEXN-OUTrAiicUVHJnHs4jY46NQ4oM8V4bbmvAZhWHTs8jzD5wgrekmaOCiAofFxpJbY9NDT-p0eFrLWGRwuUqEtdTlA/s410/Battlefied%201922.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="368" data-original-width="410" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLYFx8x6uGMznyaOV_3uI66RFFySYIA0UhnP9Hsbt1Z6J4Fwg4pMKD49yZs5fiyTm_sw-5osE3p1nM3QD8PzIDZsAAkHea8lcEXN-OUTrAiicUVHJnHs4jY46NQ4oM8V4bbmvAZhWHTs8jzD5wgrekmaOCiAofFxpJbY9NDT-p0eFrLWGRwuUqEtdTlA/s320/Battlefied%201922.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mildred Barnum, 1922 (<i>The Battlefield</i>)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis3CbJWmit0rWINmo7fSjFED5dQQAlQ1HTOHhJlGIDrsjq_HWWX9UFIziksj-wJ5M_wgGOdKGbyH6UGrq1WD6XYESrfaBvy1QgQP9SIk8L-sj27OoGbIeR5JKuhNhOm6JYTQ10HYVkbQAAPEAGg0c9LzYrPw9AmI9PqtQejeKSMkG_p0vjYib3CllFng/s1336/Battlefield%201923.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1336" data-original-width="606" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis3CbJWmit0rWINmo7fSjFED5dQQAlQ1HTOHhJlGIDrsjq_HWWX9UFIziksj-wJ5M_wgGOdKGbyH6UGrq1WD6XYESrfaBvy1QgQP9SIk8L-sj27OoGbIeR5JKuhNhOm6JYTQ10HYVkbQAAPEAGg0c9LzYrPw9AmI9PqtQejeKSMkG_p0vjYib3CllFng/s320/Battlefield%201923.png" width="145" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mildred Barnum, 1923 (<i>The Battlefield</i>)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> <br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> When the United States entered the First World War, many of America's ministers did their part for the war effort by volunteering to join the YMCA's venture to sustain the morale of America's fighting men overseas. Hundreds of YMCA facilities behind the lines provided rest-and-recreation opportunities for the soldiers. In June 1918, Reverend Barnum applied for a passport so that he could join this effort. His application was endorsed by the War Department in August 1918, and he left for France shortly thereafter. He remained in Europe until May 1919, when he boarded a ship in Brest bound for the United States.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNVa3VwzK5F8ldRQOCiTc9LKrWG3TPzz5uq_HeE4q1ZEOkUlbXI6yoDM_cXaSEEVlTycBdVRtWuVU-qsUXygIrBPUPh4E6nrBRWkdZTv_BPs3Tk60M72rDll7OVu3_HFtpjGBNmLozSdzSiqnuonvfAqdjgnBmTK6N06wiQdelfMv6NZUNqAVEL9v-Lg/s1290/Screen%20Shot%202022-03-26%20at%203.26.48%20PM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1256" data-original-width="1290" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNVa3VwzK5F8ldRQOCiTc9LKrWG3TPzz5uq_HeE4q1ZEOkUlbXI6yoDM_cXaSEEVlTycBdVRtWuVU-qsUXygIrBPUPh4E6nrBRWkdZTv_BPs3Tk60M72rDll7OVu3_HFtpjGBNmLozSdzSiqnuonvfAqdjgnBmTK6N06wiQdelfMv6NZUNqAVEL9v-Lg/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-03-26%20at%203.26.48%20PM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">U.S. Army Transport List (Ancestry.com)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> After the war, Reverend Barnum served two stints as principal of the Chancellor School. The first was 1922-1924. He then served for two years as principal of the Franklin-Sherman High School at McLean in Fairfax County. Mildred taught there during his stay. He then returned to the Chancellor School, where he was principal 1926-1931.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0mJC6O0VpoiExtw3Pb3zmVZs7nW_ZSO7eJ9n_4EfWK9Gi9igu-d81t1-ZUsvjyNLiQGfxs2AzWYLJ7AcdHT2jxMZB-4MP8GiAIzBcX36OK_nz-1miMlJEvpCg5ZHUEatgWNx_K1Gi8DRpAmX7KJi4Q8eT_EFqOqRqF8v6CC4MQ_wvUGN61PGB5ctHWw/s1230/FLS%2024%20Aug%201928-1.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1230" data-original-width="508" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0mJC6O0VpoiExtw3Pb3zmVZs7nW_ZSO7eJ9n_4EfWK9Gi9igu-d81t1-ZUsvjyNLiQGfxs2AzWYLJ7AcdHT2jxMZB-4MP8GiAIzBcX36OK_nz-1miMlJEvpCg5ZHUEatgWNx_K1Gi8DRpAmX7KJi4Q8eT_EFqOqRqF8v6CC4MQ_wvUGN61PGB5ctHWw/s320/FLS%2024%20Aug%201928-1.png" width="132" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance Star</i>, 24 August 1928<br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> On the evening of August 23, 1928, Elmer and Edna Barnum left their home and drove west on Route 3 in order to attend services at Flat Run Baptist church, where he had previously served as pastor. In an approaching car in the eastbound lane were Mr. and Mrs. Richard Irving Scott and their two daughters, Anna and Evelyn, who were on their way to Wilderness Baptist Church for evening services. Just west of Wilderness Church, one of these two cars inadvertently crossed the center line of the road and sideswiped the other vehicle. Both cars careened off the road and overturned. Young Evelyn Scott fell through an open window and the car rolled over her, killing her. No one was ejected from the Barnums' car, but after the car stopped Edna cried out, "Oh, my chest." Because she had been suffering from heart problems, it was assumed at the time that she may have been having a heart attack (her death certificate indicated that she had suffered internal injuries). Edna Westfall Barnum died shortly after her arrival at Mary Washington Hospital. Her funeral service was conducted by Reverend Edward Voorhees Peyton at Salem Baptist Church, and she was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery. <br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmX3sn8gNm7-XTrR5TF1wOmJafuGcqCRaKCm88hzqvoc2Bj_LOcIEjo9uFGPPvKyPXcTn_rnPisFWJaPemfHASxL09tQB1XpRFc-Nnx6H9_5OOpy-FrL6V26hJB-GJb_uapUDlrWYKBM8iF6mO3T4VgrS5wHDYPazAgomwXvxt247viLsxb3MTPCvw-A/s1066/fls%2025%20aug%201928.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="482" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmX3sn8gNm7-XTrR5TF1wOmJafuGcqCRaKCm88hzqvoc2Bj_LOcIEjo9uFGPPvKyPXcTn_rnPisFWJaPemfHASxL09tQB1XpRFc-Nnx6H9_5OOpy-FrL6V26hJB-GJb_uapUDlrWYKBM8iF6mO3T4VgrS5wHDYPazAgomwXvxt247viLsxb3MTPCvw-A/s320/fls%2025%20aug%201928.png" width="145" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance Star</i>, 25 August 1928<br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> During the 1930s, Mildred Barnum worked as a writer for the Works Project Administration. She conducted research and wrote brief summaries of many of Spotsylvania's historic properties, including my family's old plantation, Greenfield (part of which now comprises a portion of the Fawn Lake subdivision):<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje9Cw-fUGipOPQaWMVao_Aio6KD3o2rD2bjitX2N_1j_B2_uwqET-bsfAke0okB19jlVIT51zPr6DKIq9Je3JXBRvsMjCMFKKpLfQIUtnhcVVJIi1pyAUkA6FjDXaWWLRV_r8qLnh9LTjZQooZ5uGMvH1Ntj8MQuOeJ2JSH5P6DCH7PZTiQO1DjV3-Mg/s2284/Greenfield%20WPA%201.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2284" data-original-width="1719" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje9Cw-fUGipOPQaWMVao_Aio6KD3o2rD2bjitX2N_1j_B2_uwqET-bsfAke0okB19jlVIT51zPr6DKIq9Je3JXBRvsMjCMFKKpLfQIUtnhcVVJIi1pyAUkA6FjDXaWWLRV_r8qLnh9LTjZQooZ5uGMvH1Ntj8MQuOeJ2JSH5P6DCH7PZTiQO1DjV3-Mg/s320/Greenfield%20WPA%201.jpeg" width="241" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> By the mid-1930s, the energetic and seemingly indefatigable Elmer Barnum began to suffer from rheumatoid arthritis. In the 1940s he also developed significant heart trouble and was bedridden for the last five years of his life. He was cared for by Mildred, who never married and lived with her father until he died on September 5, 1951. Like Edna, his funeral service was conducted by Reverend Edward Voorhees Peyton, and he was buried next to Edna at Oak Hill Cemetery.<br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRvIPOMjJDYpRFzhpGS98LqkhAXRle9ExQaE4J1OK_YcyHUqQaOq_XABBrRSIBsz7-WisdKZy_xBcu6x9ZAyVGzazV_dvZg6UrNzbwTmv_wyUNFwM8aYajUT5dGdkTfnK1SIQnGCnf1Yl0-J0R08mY4JPAERUjy5IlVoW3LgXG8coiSwykjfQO5MAqFA/s1250/Obit%206%20Sep%201951.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1250" data-original-width="270" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRvIPOMjJDYpRFzhpGS98LqkhAXRle9ExQaE4J1OK_YcyHUqQaOq_XABBrRSIBsz7-WisdKZy_xBcu6x9ZAyVGzazV_dvZg6UrNzbwTmv_wyUNFwM8aYajUT5dGdkTfnK1SIQnGCnf1Yl0-J0R08mY4JPAERUjy5IlVoW3LgXG8coiSwykjfQO5MAqFA/s320/Obit%206%20Sep%201951.png" width="69" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Free Lance Star</i>, 6 September 1951<br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> During the 1940s, Mildred worked as a bookkeeper for Fredericksburg Hardware, and by the 1950s she was keeping the books for Brown Brothers and Company.</p><p> The photo below, which was shared with me by Jim Orrock, shows Mildred Barnum with sisters Mollie and Maggie Orrock during a trip to the Blue Ridge Mountains. Mildred stands at right:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwzb3LzwXStQ-bAvCS2pRs9xKsTTpXeXsNMs9mt0iXW68sk43Qpl2Z6GrOI5uUi4bWwYLwL0WrP1NAdRDCI_-7PLLbfiSSAu5FOSYEX9dCb1WguCAj7uoTEWh5oXIb9ZRfu_hPSCCHO_y4lfyHm7yT3ea9IzwAzsTZdrhYO4f9O2mvg1IBwGN13fDeVg/s1028/Mollie,%20Maggie,%20Mildred.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="942" data-original-width="1028" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwzb3LzwXStQ-bAvCS2pRs9xKsTTpXeXsNMs9mt0iXW68sk43Qpl2Z6GrOI5uUi4bWwYLwL0WrP1NAdRDCI_-7PLLbfiSSAu5FOSYEX9dCb1WguCAj7uoTEWh5oXIb9ZRfu_hPSCCHO_y4lfyHm7yT3ea9IzwAzsTZdrhYO4f9O2mvg1IBwGN13fDeVg/s320/Mollie,%20Maggie,%20Mildred.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Late in her life, Mildred suffered from dementia and was placed in the Virginia Baptist Home in Culpeper. She died there on May 28, 1989 and lies buried near her parents at Oak Hill Cemetery. <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> <br /></p>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-76603808669059605922022-03-15T18:28:00.002-04:002022-09-25T17:08:20.969-04:00Edgar Wilton Harrison<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg09WBJwUTGLcNHwoNha5ICZegebke5caY1INgHALOFS45pGaN42nULLJFGONeOcbuC-yOhSXILdl0xh2IEYDVCi4J8jM4_gJb8DGiJBREMcGsvZn5XDtlBl0KI-M9_5L2231QHOuB6fVjSl86_gmvVxAgCSjWhxK6KGZGg78Es4EUCMBNS962VVeGpsw=s1766" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1612" data-original-width="1766" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg09WBJwUTGLcNHwoNha5ICZegebke5caY1INgHALOFS45pGaN42nULLJFGONeOcbuC-yOhSXILdl0xh2IEYDVCi4J8jM4_gJb8DGiJBREMcGsvZn5XDtlBl0KI-M9_5L2231QHOuB6fVjSl86_gmvVxAgCSjWhxK6KGZGg78Es4EUCMBNS962VVeGpsw=s320" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Farm of Edgar Harrison, 1866 (National Park Service)</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> About the early life of Edgar Wilton Harrison I have been able to learn very little. He was born in Virginia about 1829, but I cannot say with any certainty where he was born, or who his parents were. He first appears in the written record, so it seems, in the 1850 census. A 22-year-old "E.W. Harrison," a clerk, was living in King and Queen County in the household of merchant Moore Boulware. </p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhgqQydHTtROrKn2hIYfYqOeOWQ0osGkk1hmj0j02S9lVMie88Dxh1W19rB2z3zrMTg84iWJt8JxHtwuNU6PC-MVJLSQ2qDGEr7_VnRQDjVf0xbAQ8wiQHRrmDI8shElt8Evm16etrOF9DduiEU85akie2NFi-s6iB8XASEPuM0zh2fvm7-njv6zQNdmg=s792" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="406" data-original-width="792" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhgqQydHTtROrKn2hIYfYqOeOWQ0osGkk1hmj0j02S9lVMie88Dxh1W19rB2z3zrMTg84iWJt8JxHtwuNU6PC-MVJLSQ2qDGEr7_VnRQDjVf0xbAQ8wiQHRrmDI8shElt8Evm16etrOF9DduiEU85akie2NFi-s6iB8XASEPuM0zh2fvm7-njv6zQNdmg=s320" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Fredericksburg News</i>, 23 September 1851<br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In 1851 Edgar was living in Caroline County. On September 18 of that year, Edgar married Ann Maria Smith Goodwin at St. George's Episcopal Church in Fredericksburg. Reverend Edward C. McGuire presided at the ceremony.</p><p> Ann's parents were William Peter Goodwin and Mary Byrd Crutchfield Burke. A veteran of the War of 1812, William was active in the civic life of Fredericksburg. He was a merchant, a member of the Hope Fire Company and he was active in Democratic politics. </p><p> In 1829, Ann Goodwin's maternal grandmother, Frances Crutchfield, wrote her will. She left to Ann and her brother, William Mary Byrd Goodwin [1] her interest in Rose Hill plantation in Spotsylvania. This land would remain in the Goodwin family until 1915.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi73AqlzapcT78weYXeUyrnyma4aQ3yomOkQOtHp6S98x43FPuy7PPzbje6fq9ZFY8tTes4C4fIQFAA-YA6C9WjMt2XqH6V5tZsH7TBjKUpOMoGVL62vd0vNHaiRDiDVc9anDBy7bNJWuflem6lWu1EiGkFiNpyg1hpAxptyRo0SPgfybYJ2pk82ml67A=s1328" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1328" data-original-width="1146" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi73AqlzapcT78weYXeUyrnyma4aQ3yomOkQOtHp6S98x43FPuy7PPzbje6fq9ZFY8tTes4C4fIQFAA-YA6C9WjMt2XqH6V5tZsH7TBjKUpOMoGVL62vd0vNHaiRDiDVc9anDBy7bNJWuflem6lWu1EiGkFiNpyg1hpAxptyRo0SPgfybYJ2pk82ml67A=s320" width="276" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ford's Hotel (Encyclopedia of Virginia)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> The obituary of of Edgar W. Harrison revealed that at some point in his life he had been the proprietor of Ford's Hotel in Richmond, located at the intersection of Broad and 11th streets. This may have been the case, but I have not found any contemporaneous sources to substantiate that. </p><p> Sometime during the 1850s, Edgar and Ann acquired property on Brock Road near Spotsylvania Court House, just south of the Neil McCoull farm. Although they could have not foreseen this at the time, this would be the place where the Bloody Angle battle would be fought in May 1864. In the meantime, they farmed their property in peace and raised their young children: Edgar Wilton, Jr., William Henry, Ellen Byrd and Temple, whom they called "Temmie."</p><p> The 1860 census tells us that the Harrison family was well-off for their time and place. They owned 190 acres, worth $1,500, and their personal property was valued at $9,500. This amount was based primarily on their ownership of nine slaves: a 39-year-old man, a 34-year-old woman, and seven children aged four months to eleven years. </p><p> Edgar and Ann's youngest child, Temple, was born on February 10, 1861, which may possibly explain why he did not rush off to join the Confederate army when Virginia seceded two months later. On April 1, 1862, Edgar Harrison enlisted in Company E of the 9th Virginia Cavalry at Camp Boulware in King George County. He signed up for a three year stint, and received a $50 bonus for doing so.</p><p> His surviving compiled service record shows that Edward was marked present on most muster rolls, except for the four month period January-April 1864, when he was absent without leave. He was then present until October 1864, which is the final entry in his military record. Although there is no mention of his being a patient in any hospital during the Civil War, his wife attested in her 1900 application for benefits as the widow of a Virginia veteran that Edgar had been badly wounded and could not perform manual labor for the rest of his life. Ann also mentioned that he was receiving a $30 year veteran's pension at the end of his life. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh8zT4kQoxqbbUtL_qTDp_Nyw4zKsTQ_5WrO9v9o0stBB7_RigX7TKlOUw3Nxlxuk1lSnajXZaeiIpe2Y4v0dzwVs14xbKyAH9sk_K_cT2zMdbSF5YrrowKY4LsoJReyzPVRsjL9d2T5-4pgVFX5Lp-SZYRkMABssWk2ShWGgR5sotYvla_uymAS45pjg=s1600" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1276" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh8zT4kQoxqbbUtL_qTDp_Nyw4zKsTQ_5WrO9v9o0stBB7_RigX7TKlOUw3Nxlxuk1lSnajXZaeiIpe2Y4v0dzwVs14xbKyAH9sk_K_cT2zMdbSF5YrrowKY4LsoJReyzPVRsjL9d2T5-4pgVFX5Lp-SZYRkMABssWk2ShWGgR5sotYvla_uymAS45pjg=s320" width="255" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Approval for Harrison's claim for damages (Fold3.com)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In May 1863, Edgar hired James L. Taliaferro to represent his interests in a claim for damages to his property. During the Chancellorsville campaign, soldiers of the 16th Virginia Infantry, while passing through the Harrison neighborhood, helped themselves to 64 panels of his worm fencing. In his letter to General Robert Hall Chilton, Lieutenant Colonel H.W. Williamson recommended the payment of $32 to settle this claim. He noted: "This fencing was destroyed and burnt by the trains of this army in passing to and from the Battle field and Spotsylvania Court House during heavy rain storms..."</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9em-he277DxBoAqCvIlL0xBjzDszwvG-3Qtkl-BP9L8IY0Wo_K0KUfk3XAcgK6fsdd2h3gbDZ4bEVaqgY91VDrFSJmq6xiZIQ7JTZF28Nf_aaObkXWxus_fCWho-LaliFGpotvr4pdXUYRvbqMBDbjwLPKJCaS5-1DMrNR4NeOdJ28cnAQwQUficCZg=s1600" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1198" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9em-he277DxBoAqCvIlL0xBjzDszwvG-3Qtkl-BP9L8IY0Wo_K0KUfk3XAcgK6fsdd2h3gbDZ4bEVaqgY91VDrFSJmq6xiZIQ7JTZF28Nf_aaObkXWxus_fCWho-LaliFGpotvr4pdXUYRvbqMBDbjwLPKJCaS5-1DMrNR4NeOdJ28cnAQwQUficCZg=s320" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Receipt for the hire of Jeff (Fold3.com)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In October 1864, Edgar received payment for the hire of one of his slaves, Jeff, by the Confederate quartermaster department for the period January 15 to October 5, 1864. For Jeff's work as a teamster, Edgar received $319.33.</p><p> The most profound impact of the war on the Harrison family took place in May 1864, as the Federal Army emerged from the Wilderness and began to make its way to the crossroads at Spotsylvania Court House. As it so happened, the Harrison farm stood very near the spot where some of the most savage fighting of the war occurred. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgFYZU1IjW4UG1i4pLEBJqFg786qJj4ZB00U8A45GRKPavhYb7va-j3On6GbAoPnnmKhCxIcsJsrQUhTDjSyyMMCPt0Fi4YOK7LLwsqc37vv3t6pzOd5D3l_eupWz5shMhf6d2u40JBfaibnQdtCbxm78bPDisY3nuFGPG-CBaIAN7T5Eenqa8gnO3_zw=s2560" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1174" data-original-width="2560" height="147" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgFYZU1IjW4UG1i4pLEBJqFg786qJj4ZB00U8A45GRKPavhYb7va-j3On6GbAoPnnmKhCxIcsJsrQUhTDjSyyMMCPt0Fi4YOK7LLwsqc37vv3t6pzOd5D3l_eupWz5shMhf6d2u40JBfaibnQdtCbxm78bPDisY3nuFGPG-CBaIAN7T5Eenqa8gnO3_zw=s320" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jedidiah Hotchkiss map of the Mule Shoe Salient (Fold3.com)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> On May 4, 1864 the Army of the Potomac, commanded by General George Meade and accompanied by Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant, crossed the Rapidan River and plunged into the Wilderness of Spotsylvania County. The Union army fought pitched battles against the outnumbered Army of Northern Virginia commanded by General Robert E. Lee. On May 7, the Union army sidestepped the Confederates and made an attempt to reach the crossroads at Spotsylvania Court House before Lee could get there. Had they been successful, the Union troops would have been between the Confederate army and Richmond, and the war could have taken a very different direction.</p><p> As fate would have it, however, the Confederates got there first and interposed themselves between the Federals and the court house. The rebels were able to block Brock Road on May 8 and repulsed Union attacks at Laurel Hill, the Spindle farm. On that same day, General Jubal early assumed temporary command of the Confederate Third Corps, replacing General A.P. Hill, who was ill (likely with another flare-up of the venereal disease that he had contracted as a cadet at West Point in the 1840s). General John Brown Gordon assumed command of Early's division. </p><p> The Confederates immediately set about constructing more than four miles of fortifications extending across Brock Road from Mrs. Spindle's place to a point beyond the home of Neill McCoull, a neighbor of the Harrisons. Because of its shape, as can be seen on the Hotchkiss map above, this defensive position was called the Mule Shoe. </p><p> On May 11, the usually canny Lee made an error that could have had catastrophic consequences for the Confederacy's fortunes. Movements of some Union forces were misinterpreted and Lee ordered the artillery in the Mule Shoe salient to be withdrawn and be prepared for a movement to the right. Unbeknownst to the Confederates, the section of the Confederate line now stripped of artillery was precisely where Union General Hancock planned to attack the following morning. On the night of May 11, Confederate General Richard Ewell made his headquarters at the Harrison house, and General Lee pitched his tent in the yard.</p><p> Early on the morning of May 12, Union troops came crashing through the Mule Shoe salient near McCoull's. Word of this disaster now unfolding soon reached Lee and Ewell. General Gordon assembled his division in the Harrison's yard, and the Confederates quickly advanced to stem the Union tide. Thus began a 22-hour fight known as the Battle of Bloody Angle. Huge losses were incurred on both sides, but Meade was not able to budge the Confederates and advance to the court house.</p><p> Meanwhile, all was confusion and panic in the Harrison household. Joseph F. Walker [2], a young slave at the Harrison farm at this time, remembered the events of that day in a memoir written in 1940: "Later in the afternoon my mistress Miss Harrison and my mother began gathering up the silver to leave...My mistress asked if there was any danger, and we all clustered around the officers for safety; but in a few minutes we were ordered to get out as the firing was going to begin, which it did like a thunderstorm. All I could hear was "Go to the rear!" We managed to get through the three lines of soldiers and went to a house known as the Dabney [Spotsylvania Clerk of Court Robert C. Dabney] House."</p><p> The war would grind on for another 11 months after the fighting near the Harrison farm. When Edgar mustered out of the cavalry he was impoverished, and his injuries prevented him from adequately rehabilitating his farm.</p><p> In 1870, Edgar and Ann, with her brother acting as her trustee, bought a 60-acre property from Dr. Addison Lewis Durrett across Brock Road from their first house. The Harrisons called their new residence "Forest Home." Edgar, Ann and their two daughters lived there for the rest of their lives. </p><p> In order to finance this purchase from Dr. Durrett, the Harrisons borrowed $250 from Fredericksburg attorney John Minor Herndon, who died a year later. Except for one $30 interest payment, the Harrisons did not pay anything toward the principal. In 1881 Charles Minor, acting as executor of his father's estate, sued the Harrisons for the money they owned. In court papers, Edgar was described as "insolvent." The following year an arrangement was made regarding the outstanding debt, and the Harrison family continued to live at Forest Home.</p><p>In order to supplement his meager income from farming, Edgar Harrison became a school teacher. The first mention of his new career in the local newspapers was in September 1875, when he was teaching at the "Alsop Gate School," presumably at the Alsop farm at the intersection of Brock and Gordon roads. Throughout the 1880s, Edgar's name was mentioned in the papers as a teacher in the public schools. </p><p> Edgar's obituary reveals that he also taught at the "Hotel School." In 1887, New York native Joseph Bittle bought the Spotswood Inn at Spotsylvania Court House. He established a private school there called the Virginia Collegiate Institute. The Bittles were Free Methodists, and their school curriculum was infused with that religious philosophy. In 1894, Bittle sold the inn to local merchant Thomas H. Harris (whose family owned nearby Bloomsbury farm). School continued to be held at the inn, but without the Free Methodist teachings, and the name of the school was also changed. The school closed for good in 1898.</p><p> By the 1890s, Edgar's health began to decline. In February 1896 he suffered a paralytic stroke and died two days later on February 9. He was buried in the cemetery at Christ Episcopal Church at the court house.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgw4LCqkkF3gYffc4JaO7_cEyXyhaddyNBdooS4aEOwW9fJD__Ew9_KoDYdc9z1L7sBtzO2MNtJeu6ZtroP1sYGQg3FQf4j_Ktt9x8eyMcTvgHBe-sNSMiTif_Gp5KayFaomAxOJaQdnbsmNm5dteYBYhA26VralN0EWXlRCq3ZxuAJzjNMSPxN6KsHBw=s900" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="750" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgw4LCqkkF3gYffc4JaO7_cEyXyhaddyNBdooS4aEOwW9fJD__Ew9_KoDYdc9z1L7sBtzO2MNtJeu6ZtroP1sYGQg3FQf4j_Ktt9x8eyMcTvgHBe-sNSMiTif_Gp5KayFaomAxOJaQdnbsmNm5dteYBYhA26VralN0EWXlRCq3ZxuAJzjNMSPxN6KsHBw=s320" width="267" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Daily Star</i> 11 February 1896<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiawbEqMaKW1MTD24s6nMkQM0KyEOCaajKnL9_sHcjPEU40pdCf5Ood8Xkb3JZRwHCIlv4jRhs88BA2cm6ixRjKRydNR5e-qAFvz0g18x-DCaWWlWDQKLvjeTNTZLoMXQg-uJzvCesCHXMPlGrl2_oRQ9e_Uvy4PT8yJRvD_FXzckX9eLrGlDrP21QIWQ=s850" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="850" data-original-width="726" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiawbEqMaKW1MTD24s6nMkQM0KyEOCaajKnL9_sHcjPEU40pdCf5Ood8Xkb3JZRwHCIlv4jRhs88BA2cm6ixRjKRydNR5e-qAFvz0g18x-DCaWWlWDQKLvjeTNTZLoMXQg-uJzvCesCHXMPlGrl2_oRQ9e_Uvy4PT8yJRvD_FXzckX9eLrGlDrP21QIWQ=s320" width="273" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Daily Star </i>12 February 1896<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> In 1939, Edgar's daughter Temple ordered a veteran headstone for her father from the War Department:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgahNdJuQUTu48-_3aWM1RGLVKeXmiIXcKkEchiptttD02ALQmP-v0BmwycTs_vZf8ZXus1EtzC_5grDd72mQANUzdzkXwDuf-noo4UaZ2NEYfPVW0oi2MYXUvKPgxEuA4PuuZeiTVMfNOxV3-1zlFdEE4A6gX7puR80SObayv_w651NfWyPw156DVAqw=s1692" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1040" data-original-width="1692" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgahNdJuQUTu48-_3aWM1RGLVKeXmiIXcKkEchiptttD02ALQmP-v0BmwycTs_vZf8ZXus1EtzC_5grDd72mQANUzdzkXwDuf-noo4UaZ2NEYfPVW0oi2MYXUvKPgxEuA4PuuZeiTVMfNOxV3-1zlFdEE4A6gX7puR80SObayv_w651NfWyPw156DVAqw=s320" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Temple Harrison's application for headstone<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjZ2cKkR4ZIF7J96TrDWidaNcaMjhFhiaVGd6DpXHny4pBZPNTceDEDiWUZbTOlz3cZ9XOGEDVP_D_myuUr9Lo0tmRiHmnNvvtXA4quk3tGWZPO5O8EbE20hfkYRPYuD9PY7gc9Zuzd1TWTyn2nr5nqey7Q7QdR6UfTo57LWyKUfWFxQJA-M7xxQem72Q=s864" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="864" data-original-width="546" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjZ2cKkR4ZIF7J96TrDWidaNcaMjhFhiaVGd6DpXHny4pBZPNTceDEDiWUZbTOlz3cZ9XOGEDVP_D_myuUr9Lo0tmRiHmnNvvtXA4quk3tGWZPO5O8EbE20hfkYRPYuD9PY7gc9Zuzd1TWTyn2nr5nqey7Q7QdR6UfTo57LWyKUfWFxQJA-M7xxQem72Q=s320" width="202" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Headstone of Edgar Wilton Harrison<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Ann Harrison outlived her husband by 9 years; she died December 18, 1905 and was buried at Christ Church. Her daughters Ellen and Temple, neither of whom ever married, are also buried there.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg431deiPeghd_H1mbfEoFypOdJwdqv19hWB6rxgaaOplqqmYnPTUjL6qzPXJRVFvNdxVEQ1PmeCeFa7XV_zZiusrUkVGa8nAYwIcVf5fEX85RaiTjKtXrnsys37Z5Vj2Pjj1pDZZkGFRiSXYNao2QUlv0vIuSZJKecNwrz3ATczPsEgcBa1Ng15yjDHg=s764" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="764" data-original-width="640" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg431deiPeghd_H1mbfEoFypOdJwdqv19hWB6rxgaaOplqqmYnPTUjL6qzPXJRVFvNdxVEQ1PmeCeFa7XV_zZiusrUkVGa8nAYwIcVf5fEX85RaiTjKtXrnsys37Z5Vj2Pjj1pDZZkGFRiSXYNao2QUlv0vIuSZJKecNwrz3ATczPsEgcBa1Ng15yjDHg=s320" width="268" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance </i>20 December 1905</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><br /></p><p><u>Footnotes</u>:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjsB0lJFucBODXMUW58pMOkLxiUJD4QkLqPjFuMqnOI1e9N0-Uo8Wt3cHIPcIQUPmtbVbgK9P9lV912xsoXHH9WZCvVQTE1Qt5EMBUNRIZEJBO3O_01WgBV7UGFBajp_8TAH08x9PEa07ii8LFYRFmZUAbcVlUaHWwVGMsCJNo_Wu64qMuBBZBNpSRC8w=s1232" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1232" data-original-width="626" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjsB0lJFucBODXMUW58pMOkLxiUJD4QkLqPjFuMqnOI1e9N0-Uo8Wt3cHIPcIQUPmtbVbgK9P9lV912xsoXHH9WZCvVQTE1Qt5EMBUNRIZEJBO3O_01WgBV7UGFBajp_8TAH08x9PEa07ii8LFYRFmZUAbcVlUaHWwVGMsCJNo_Wu64qMuBBZBNpSRC8w=s320" width="163" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance </i>17 September 1889<br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p>[1] William Mary Byrd Goodwin was born about 1828. In 1852 he married Nancy Holladay, and they raised their two daughters at Rose Hill. After the death of his father in 1859, he inherited some of his slaves, including Joseph H. Walker (the 1860 census shows he owned a total of 13 enslaved people). On March 1, 1862 he joined Company E of the 9th Virginia Cavalry at Camp Boulware in King George County. His military record is notable mainly for his being absent without leave during much of 1863-1864. The last mention of him was on February 7, 1865 when he was a patient at Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond. </p><p> After the Civil War,William, like his father, was active in local Democratic politics and for a time served as chairman of the Spotsylvania Democratic Party. He was also a justice of the peace in addition to farming at Rose Hill. </p><p> In 1877 Charles E. Pendleton killed a black man with whom he worked at Bradley's lumber yard in Fredericksburg. He was found guilty at trial and sentenced to serve five years in the state penitentiary. Upon Charles's release in 1882, William offered him a job working at Rose Hill. William's impressionable 17-year-old daughter Kitty fell in love with Charles. Kitty and Charles eloped to Washington, D.C. where they were married in August 1882. William strongly disapproved of their union, and forbade them from coming to his house. That being the case, Kitty and Charles lived in Orange County. </p><p> After a time Kitty-who by this time had two daughters of her own--pleaded with her father to allow them to come stay with him. She was living in poverty and her marriage was not a happy one. William relented, and allowed Kitty and Charles and their children to come live at Rose Hill. He still did not like Charles, and they quarreled frequently, but William adored Kitty and his granddaughters and so he put up with Charles. </p><p> On September 13, 1889 Charles announced that he was going to buy some pigs at Jack Carter's, and William asked him to buy some pigs for him as well. When Charles returned that evening, he was roaring drunk and instead of the pigs he brought back a couple of hunting dogs. Charles and Kitty got into an argument and Charles called her a "damn liar." Upon hearing that, William rose from his sick bed and picked up a 2-inch piece of wood about 18 inches long. He then delivered two blows to Charles's head. Stunned but still full of fight, Charles grabbed William's shotgun and pointed it at him. William grabbed the barrel of the gun and pointed it at the ceiling and then pulled the trigger, emptying the gun. He and Kitty then pushed Charles out of the house on to the porch and secured the door behind him. Charles picked up another loaded gun that was on the porch and fired it through the door, striking William in the thigh. Doctors Martin and Voorhees were summoned and with the help of Spotsylvania County sheriff <a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2013/10/thomas-addison-harris.html" target="_blank">Thomas Addison Harris</a> they amputated William's leg. Their efforts to save William's life were in vain. William died the next day, September 13, 1889. A few days later Spotsylvania clerk of court<a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2011/11/strange-tale-of-jph-crismond.html" target="_blank"> Joseph Patrick Henry Crismond</a> wrote a memorial for William on behalf of the Zion Methodist Church Sunday school:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgiNYYH03FOHNBiE85Ia_rf7nAV2Gu1nt-jfIh0MdAJFrPsCnxdJ2iBsrQiVHP9Fb9V1IGkmbQKgM7aom25hP0I1jhJOLaD-UfvG53x8N301UCNewYYx8hofzGyjZWt6pgv4cJTsLXsm7McyLP4C913g42b9z3PbUy5DqG_yOO0t-n5crVm94D4xc9YXw=s914" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="914" data-original-width="662" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgiNYYH03FOHNBiE85Ia_rf7nAV2Gu1nt-jfIh0MdAJFrPsCnxdJ2iBsrQiVHP9Fb9V1IGkmbQKgM7aom25hP0I1jhJOLaD-UfvG53x8N301UCNewYYx8hofzGyjZWt6pgv4cJTsLXsm7McyLP4C913g42b9z3PbUy5DqG_yOO0t-n5crVm94D4xc9YXw=s320" width="232" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance </i>27 September 1889<br /><i></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> At trial, Charles Pendleton was found guilty of murder. For the second time, he was sentenced to serve a term in the state penitentiary, this time for 12 years. The year after he killed her father, Kitty divorced Charles and took back her maiden name. In 1893, while suffering from tuberculosis, Charles appealed for clemency from the governor. His appeal was denied. </p><p> Some time in the early 1900s, Kitty Goodwin moved to the household of now former clerk of court J.P.H. Crismond. She worked for him as a domestic servant for the rest of her life. In 1915 she sold Rose Hill to Fredericksburg builder Elmer Grimsley "Peck" Heflin. Kitty died of complications from a perforated ulcer in 1923.</p><p> </p><p>[2] Joseph F. Walker (1854-1943) was born a slave in the household of William P. Goodwin at Rose Hill farm. Upon Mr. Goodwin's death, ownership of Joseph passed to his son William Mary Byrd Goodwin. Joseph's mother and sisters were given to William's sister, Ann Harrison. After the Civil War, Joseph served for decades as sexton at St. George's Episcopal Church in Fredericksburg and also worked as a butler for Judge William S. Barton. Joseph was a member of Shiloh Baptist New Site, where he was a deacon for 48 years. Together with educator Jason Grant, Joseph helped establish the Fredericksburg Normal and Industrial Institute in 1905, which was the forerunner of the Walker-Grant School named in their honor.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg4Ud4oAcbFyTHe4oFnH46agb8fQIV7DKYoufdp6SOAsBAn2JaaBr5ijzhnBkj-FQpFVvtGWpAslnOkmWOplFofk06y9nPe0AKT5LnCsZ77VBRm0L0bS6OsSVIEspMjRfTtpi1vlGY6BiZ70xVNr0YftRi4qf2_VCPk1mFN4wPPXiTPrFfweugZhXnQhA=s856" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="856" data-original-width="644" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg4Ud4oAcbFyTHe4oFnH46agb8fQIV7DKYoufdp6SOAsBAn2JaaBr5ijzhnBkj-FQpFVvtGWpAslnOkmWOplFofk06y9nPe0AKT5LnCsZ77VBRm0L0bS6OsSVIEspMjRfTtpi1vlGY6BiZ70xVNr0YftRi4qf2_VCPk1mFN4wPPXiTPrFfweugZhXnQhA=s320" width="241" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joseph F. Walker<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="text-align: left;"><u>Sources:</u></p><p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://history.churchsp.org/joseph-walker-1854-1943/" target="_blank">Joseph Walker</a></p><p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walker%E2%80%93Grant_School" target="_blank">Walker-Grant School</a> </p><p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/" target="_blank">Library of Virginia Chancery Causes</a></p><p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.fold3.com/?group=1" target="_blank">Fold3</a> Compiled Service Records for Confederate Soldiers, Confederate Citizens File, Civil War maps</p><p style="text-align: left;">Contemporaneous newspaper articles from The Daily Star, the Free Lance and the Fredericksburg News</p><p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://resources.umwhisp.org/fredburg.htm" target="_blank">Fredericksburg Research Resources</a><br /></p><p> <br /></p><p><br /></p><p></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-79256564007424779762021-11-18T13:10:00.000-05:002021-11-18T13:10:35.051-05:00The Great Fire of Orange<p style="text-align: center;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhonm6tzHf6Z0Apl1NWrC3CJ0xXyOqWSX66f8MnhnV-agK2b6U-dl3v5wNlQfrrdoent9Oj2fDr8bnsZCDfgCOsAW0eQ7eHwJKR7gA7iafodU7GdWDVart1zDR7uW7fslTQBqxnF8-Vx4_S/s2376/The+Great+Fire+of+Orange+R.+Duff+Green.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="916" data-original-width="2376" height="123" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhonm6tzHf6Z0Apl1NWrC3CJ0xXyOqWSX66f8MnhnV-agK2b6U-dl3v5wNlQfrrdoent9Oj2fDr8bnsZCDfgCOsAW0eQ7eHwJKR7gA7iafodU7GdWDVart1zDR7uW7fslTQBqxnF8-Vx4_S/s320/The+Great+Fire+of+Orange+R.+Duff+Green.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The ruins of Orange Baptist Church, 1908 (R. Duff Green)</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p style="text-align: left;">About 5:30 Sunday morning. November 8, 1908.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> While making his customary rounds on the streets of Orange, the town's only policeman noticed a fire in the apartment over the drugstore of Dr. Lawrence Sanford Ricketts on Railroad Avenue. <br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> The policeman raced to the Baptist church and sounded the alarm on its bells. Within minutes, all able-bodied people within the sound of those bells grabbed pails from their homes and formed a bucket brigade to battle the blaze. Water was drawn from private wells and cisterns while terrified residents did heroic work in battling the flames. Unfortunately, there was a high wind that morning, and in a very short time the main business district was engulfed in flames.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Shown below is a detail from the December 1905 Sanborn Company fire insurance map showing the section of Main Street and Railroad Avenue affected by the fire. Pink indicates buildings made of brick; yellow means it was a wooden structure. The note next to the Sanborn stamp sums up the inadequacy of Orange's readiness to react to a fire: "Water facilities: Private wells and cisterns. Fire Department: None. The town has two water tanks of 300 gallons each, mounted on wheels and drawn by hand. Hand pump of 40 gallons per minute capacity attached to each tank. Also one hand pump of same capacity used to fill tanks. About 600 feet of 1/2-inch hose. Carts equipped with buckets and axes. Topography mostly level, Streets not graded."</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMnKxfleTtsVue1C76OI8JK4uPz3FSlE-blGwy330teoL4mZpjbkt9xWLOibJsE-1sp-jx-4wET95W7FrRA_tdjl63TNUbusSfWEcelxWES3kGv_YP7_ePBKihMawcD1aJpx5KvJ_wAgtD/s1566/Sanborn+map+1905.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1532" data-original-width="1566" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMnKxfleTtsVue1C76OI8JK4uPz3FSlE-blGwy330teoL4mZpjbkt9xWLOibJsE-1sp-jx-4wET95W7FrRA_tdjl63TNUbusSfWEcelxWES3kGv_YP7_ePBKihMawcD1aJpx5KvJ_wAgtD/s320/Sanborn+map+1905.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> By 8:00 a.m., it was obvious that the town's resources were inadequate to deal with the emergency. A message was sent to Charlottesville, and the fire department there responded with the urgency the situation demanded. A special train was outfitted with a steam-powered pumper, three horses, a tanker car filled with water and additional fire-fighting equipment. Fourteen trained firefighters were also on board. Within an hour of receiving the alert, the train reached Orange. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> The unlikely team of townspeople equipped with buckets and professional firefighters from Charlottesville worked together to battle the flames. The Baptist church marked the easternmost extent of the fire, which stopped at Church Street to the south. An estimated $100,000 damage had occurred, only half of which was covered by insurance. Despite those uninsured losses, reconstruction on some of the now emptied lots began shortly after the fire.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Based on newspaper accounts published in the aftermath of the disaster, I compiled this list of the destroyed properties:</p><p style="text-align: left;">-The Orange Baptist Church, which was valued at $6,000. Soon after the fire, members of the congregation began a subscription to raise the money to rebuild, and $4,000 was contributed right away. A brand new organ (valued from $1,350-$2,000 by the newspapers), obtained by the Lady's Aid Society, had just been installed. It was to be played for the first time on the morning of the fire.</p><p style="text-align: left;">-The drug store of Dr. Lawrence Sanford Ricketts and the two apartments above the store.<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">-The Ware-Watts Hardware Company.</p><p style="text-align: left;">-The real estate office of Adonirum Judson Harlow, who also owned the undertaking business mentioned below.</p><p style="text-align: left;">-Two vacant stores owned by G.A. Gaines. </p><p style="text-align: left;">-The building owned by Mrs. J.E. Perry which housed the grocery store of J.D. Morris and the clothing store of Sol Cohen. </p><p style="text-align: left;">-Emil Levy's dry goods store, "Levy's Busy Corner."</p><p style="text-align: left;">-Waite & Chewning Furniture Company.</p><p style="text-align: left;">-Dwelling owned by J. Martin and occupied by Mrs. Carrie Anderson.</p><p style="text-align: left;">-Dwelling of Mrs. Jane McDonald.</p><p style="text-align: left;">-Building owned by Mrs. Emma Slaughter of Washington, DC, which included an apartment and a bakery owned by Mr. Bushby.</p><p style="text-align: left;">-Business and residence of A.J. Harlow. Mr. W.L. Randolph was the licensed undertaker employed by Mr. Harlow. </p><p style="text-align: left;">-The Southern Railway telegraph office and interlocking tower. The nearby telephone and telegraph lines were also destroyed.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> The following six photographs, taken the day after the fire, were shared with me by historian Ray Ezell. They are part of the Grymes Collection in the archives of the Orange County Historical Society. The captions for these pictures were written by Mr. Ezell:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEVNgkz6baG96CYwDhVrL5k7zU49-09MAXIYUYh0XzJO6WnhYwFjQLRnXewJn1nNCSqxKbGhxNkAY9XIFgisE6izIZw29rHYHuwwhAVIyQ_aQSMLdb2SzUzOpIH9fzpZb9v4GEm1AEdpir/s3136/GrymesCollection-1908Fire-025.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1003" data-original-width="3136" height="102" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEVNgkz6baG96CYwDhVrL5k7zU49-09MAXIYUYh0XzJO6WnhYwFjQLRnXewJn1nNCSqxKbGhxNkAY9XIFgisE6izIZw29rHYHuwwhAVIyQ_aQSMLdb2SzUzOpIH9fzpZb9v4GEm1AEdpir/s320/GrymesCollection-1908Fire-025.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> This photo is taken from Church Street, east of where it crosses the railroad tracks, and gives the widest perspective on the damage caused by the fire. The partially standing brick walls of the Orange Baptist Church are visible frame-right and the steeple of the Orange County Courthouse is visible frame-left.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV8LZQJSMRX1OgvO_zUqeCLjjuDR9JZ_9rrDLzJnNzhS4g9-w6NvF5Ic9iE69drfUvx6v3hZLmAdY05szCDNIqTNJBi893n53CjmbeI_Zpb4HA9AxYNhtA-0liETTynCx8B8OHhBHTRyUA/s3125/GrymesCollection-1908Fire-021.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1006" data-original-width="3125" height="103" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV8LZQJSMRX1OgvO_zUqeCLjjuDR9JZ_9rrDLzJnNzhS4g9-w6NvF5Ic9iE69drfUvx6v3hZLmAdY05szCDNIqTNJBi893n53CjmbeI_Zpb4HA9AxYNhtA-0liETTynCx8B8OHhBHTRyUA/s320/GrymesCollection-1908Fire-021.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> This view shows the wholesale destruction along Railroad Avenue and the south side of East Main Street. The burnt out walls of the Orange Baptist Church are visible in the background and the ruins of Levy's Busy Corner building are in the foreground. Mayor Perry's distinctive turreted house is also visible in the background obscured by the smoky haze from the smouldering hot spots.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheq3Y-zS0MtCgf7sN5o3beWfFK6lRG1WKdYVPQf7x17ybTg8Yqf0WYSVa4kdpmOLVCSvXAgPosbIROxFPEc_OyubFZ4e45HDkM7y13mHbekvtf0LDCD9-F7OpladS8rsdHlJEKw9k5zplO/s3136/GrymesCollection-1908Fire-024.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1003" data-original-width="3136" height="102" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheq3Y-zS0MtCgf7sN5o3beWfFK6lRG1WKdYVPQf7x17ybTg8Yqf0WYSVa4kdpmOLVCSvXAgPosbIROxFPEc_OyubFZ4e45HDkM7y13mHbekvtf0LDCD9-F7OpladS8rsdHlJEKw9k5zplO/s320/GrymesCollection-1908Fire-024.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> This view is taken from where Main Street crosses the railroad tracks and looks to the south. Levy's Busy Corner (built earlier in 1908) had been destroyed by the fire, as well as Z.W. Chewning's Furniture Store directly east across the tracks from Levy's. The Southern Railway telegraph station, also destroyed, would have stood directly behind the photographer. Careful interpretation of the photo shows men at the tops of the telegraph poles re-stringing telephone and telegraph lines which were destroyed in the fire.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjknoku7KrVCnOmOOGoOFy6HO5s52FiTEASdJMVLR6jRoa_uWmQ-nu4VuXN9E35iDuJoLV8zHVBaihyphenhyphendQNLg_efk83glUVGDtZjE71ywrw5aC0hxbmcMqOzyw_O5xbcCNT1VGHqJg0bpe04/s3125/GrymesCollection-1908Fire-020.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1006" data-original-width="3125" height="103" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjknoku7KrVCnOmOOGoOFy6HO5s52FiTEASdJMVLR6jRoa_uWmQ-nu4VuXN9E35iDuJoLV8zHVBaihyphenhyphendQNLg_efk83glUVGDtZjE71ywrw5aC0hxbmcMqOzyw_O5xbcCNT1VGHqJg0bpe04/s320/GrymesCollection-1908Fire-020.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p style="text-align: left;"> This photo is looking northeast from where Main Street crosses the railroad tracks. The ruins of the building on the north side of Main Street are visible as well as the impressive (former) People's Grocery Warehouse which borders the burnt district on the north. <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZs1Pfrr33Ph-gaBvrOthp9Lf1kNBmLQqdhuOquKfqHSFubP9kmJV7tQGw7lnoiHpO-q4yC2r8wQ98Ap8PEQMgzksQno25awneBwLkwkajygw0evJ_5_tqQop7Frw0YrT5f7sZ6OvbQFNn/s3136/GrymesCollection-1908Fire-022.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1003" data-original-width="3136" height="102" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZs1Pfrr33Ph-gaBvrOthp9Lf1kNBmLQqdhuOquKfqHSFubP9kmJV7tQGw7lnoiHpO-q4yC2r8wQ98Ap8PEQMgzksQno25awneBwLkwkajygw0evJ_5_tqQop7Frw0YrT5f7sZ6OvbQFNn/s320/GrymesCollection-1908Fire-022.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> This photo is looking south from the north side of East Main Street through the burnt district. The pile of rubble in the foreground is from the former Z.W. Chewning and Waite Furniture Company, which today is the location of the Orange Railroad Depot building. This shot makes clear the extent of the fire damage to the south along Railroad Avenue and on West Main Street.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1euVSZRmlYMjApWsuS0TKOBLMuO2Sq0PQdEWpelTSKtoczXh0-6GJNFk0pajRCQ-kYHej4ik-v3zg9H2jrk5KCoADcXqv_Q2EPf3U7dCgMKKLEeaQg7yxwy1BjMR8mbFkLAO9DHt_irSj/s3136/GrymesCollection-1908Fire-023.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1003" data-original-width="3136" height="102" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1euVSZRmlYMjApWsuS0TKOBLMuO2Sq0PQdEWpelTSKtoczXh0-6GJNFk0pajRCQ-kYHej4ik-v3zg9H2jrk5KCoADcXqv_Q2EPf3U7dCgMKKLEeaQg7yxwy1BjMR8mbFkLAO9DHt_irSj/s320/GrymesCollection-1908Fire-023.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> This photo is taken from the railroad tracks, probably near the location of the railroad passenger depot. Large crowds are visible that have descended upon the burnt district to survey the damage. Railroad Avenue is at the left of the frame, and the ruins of the Orange Baptist Church is visible at the right of the frame.<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> So, what caused the great fire of Orange? [1]</p><p style="text-align: left;"> In the immediate aftermath of the fire, there was some speculation that the cause of the conflagration was a cat that had knocked over lantern. Like the story of Mrs. O'Leary's cow and the Chicago fire of 1871, the cat tale proved to be apocryphal. It soon became apparent that the unknowing culprit was 77-year-old Towles Terrill, who lived in one of the apartments over Dr. Ricketts's drug store. Towles lived in the most meager of circumstances in his modest quarters. It was said that his bed consisted of a large wooden box filled with crumpled newspapers. While perhaps lighting his pipe that morning, his unextinguished match found its way into the detritus of his room, which then caught fire. Although he did not suffer serious burns from his mishap, by the time he was carried to safety he had lost consciousness from smoke inhalation. He did not regain his senses until Tuesday. He was still in critical condition, however, and it was feared that he might succumb to broncho-pneumonia. He was taken to the hospital in Charlottesville, where he eventually recovered. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfEZqDKyNPqHC5ABaBUwT6HSwJ2kFQ0j0kaU7ap5ix0xmKjhNHwHRAiw5Yk_daLgjJLGWL1pl3Rb3RzlQbl9DSPwZFoKKaWnRwU4Bxw_HkduZwLFnKhQedczauM5aFR5GyZTciGl2iADao/s2310/Orange+map.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="926" data-original-width="2310" height="128" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfEZqDKyNPqHC5ABaBUwT6HSwJ2kFQ0j0kaU7ap5ix0xmKjhNHwHRAiw5Yk_daLgjJLGWL1pl3Rb3RzlQbl9DSPwZFoKKaWnRwU4Bxw_HkduZwLFnKhQedczauM5aFR5GyZTciGl2iADao/s320/Orange+map.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map detail of Orange County, 1863<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Born on March 20, 1831, Towles Terrill was one of ten children born to Dr. Uriel Terrill (1793-1885) and the former Janet Lovell. The Terrill farm lay along the Orange Turnpike about five miles east of the town of Orange. On the map detail shown above, the Terrill farm can be seen at the right-center of the image. Towles Terrill spent his first 31 years working on this farm. </p><p> In addition to being a well-respected physician in Orange County, Dr. Terrill was also active in the political life of Virginia. In the 1840s, Dr. Terrill's name appeared in various newspapers because of his activities with the Whig Party. When that party lost its influence ten years later, Dr. Terrill switched his allegiance to the Democratic Party, to which he remained loyal for the last thirty years of his life. </p><p> On the eve of the Civil War, Dr. Terrill would have been considered a wealthy man. The 1860 census shows that his personal and real estate was valued at $48,460. The high value of his personal estate reflected his investment in the 37 enslaved people he owned. </p><p> During the Civil War, Dr. Uriel Terrill willingly sold goods and services to various quartermaster officers of the Confederate army. In 1863, he filed a claim for losses incurred when the divisions of Confederate generals Early and Johnson camped on his property. The claim involved the confiscation of a large amount of his fencing, which was then used as firewood. On October 31, 1863, Confederate quartermaster Major Robert H. Turner paid Dr. Terrill $319.20, the full amount of his claim.</p><p> Dr. Terrill remained on his farm for just six more years after the conclusion of the war. In 1871, just one year after the death of his wife, he sold his farm to New Jersey native Henry Mason for $9,000. He moved in with the family of his daughter Mary Julia and lived with them for the rest of his days. </p><p> Despite the sadness and turbulence of his later years, Dr. Terrill remained active in the political arena, and was elected to the House of Delegates at least once. He was still serving as a legislator at age 90.</p><p> Towles Terrill worked as a laborer on his father's farm until April 17, 1861, when he joined the militia company known as the Montpelier Guards. The following month, the Guards became Company A of the 13th Virginia Infantry. Towles's war record shows that he stood 5'7" tall, had a light complexion, gray eyes and dark hair.</p><p> Except for a bout of illness early in the war, the first two years of Towles's service in the Confederate army seemed to go well. He was marked "present" on the surviving muster roles during that time. But his fortunes took a dramatic turn on May 6, 1864.</p><p> During the Battle of the Wilderness, the 13th Virginia Infantry was part of Pegram's brigade in General Jubal Early's division. During the fighting on May 6, Towles was struck by a bullet in his left leg "just below his knee and fractured the bone somewhat." After a long convalescence, he appeared before a medical examining board on March 21, 1865. The board then issued a certificate of disability, which stated that he was "entirely disabled and cannot perform in any branch of field service." The board recommended that he be reassigned to duty with Major Cornelius Boyle [2], provost marshal at Gordonsville. <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU30uU9zz85nkmC5pBhaiLbN2_-_5SzOTIqZ0YE64vsXcNFPcb4zX8WeTZOHEOzQZQttt3fFk_BbIO3atOS25fdviJAFiv1DffF0iExGnUHFa426OLRcnf_j9upK7KnGMIvdICI2vWfIs0/s1600/Terrill%252C+Towles+%252830%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1220" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU30uU9zz85nkmC5pBhaiLbN2_-_5SzOTIqZ0YE64vsXcNFPcb4zX8WeTZOHEOzQZQttt3fFk_BbIO3atOS25fdviJAFiv1DffF0iExGnUHFa426OLRcnf_j9upK7KnGMIvdICI2vWfIs0/s320/Terrill%252C+Towles+%252830%2529.jpg" width="244" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Certificate of disability of Towles Terrill<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> Towles was greatly troubled by his injury for the rest of his life. In 1884, he applied for aid under the provisions of an act of the General Assembly which entitled soldiers and marines "wounded in the late war" to receive some small compensation. His application included a certification from Dr. William Shepherd Grymes (who served as regimental surgeon of the 13th Virginia Infantry at the beginning of the war) that Towles's wound "required the resection of one of the bones of the leg and is to be presumed that he is more or less disabled for physical labor." For his sacrifice during the war, Towles received $60 on February 12, 1886.</p><p> After the war, Towles returned to his family's farm. Unable to endure the physical rigor of farm labor, he looked for work in another sphere. In 1869, he was hired as a traveling agent for the firm of Miller & Hopkins, land agents. His work carried him to destinations across the state, and he became well known for his outgoing personality and the knack for telling a good story. His popularity and ability to gain the attention of people he wished to impress was documented in an article that appeared in the Alexandria Gazette on May 11, 1887. By then he was known as "Colonel" Terrill, and was turning on the charm during an extended stay at the Metropolitan Hotel in Washington, D.C. Apparently, his reason for being in the nation's capital was to draw attention to the sad condition of the graves of the Madison family at Montpelier. He hoped to convince those in power to provide funding for a suitable monument for the father of the constitution. Such was Towles's eloquence on this subject, reported the Alexandria Gazette, that a New Yorker at this gathering offered to pay Towles's expenses to come back to Washington during the next session of Congress. </p><p> In his later years, Towles became a teacher in the Orange County schools. The Daily Star reported in October 1899 that Towles was teaching in one of the "colored" schools. When he retired from teaching in 1911 at age 80, he was granted an annual pension of $91.50.<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> "Colonel" Terrill seemed to have learned little from his brush with death in November 1908. By 1916 he was living in an apartment on the second floor of the Gaines Building on Railtoad Avenue. On October 30, 1916, a fire broke out in his room. What happened next was reported in the November 3 edition of the Culpeper Exponent:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyRStjtWhu86JQSy_kZTXurQS7sBH-i1izKQ5XW9if1uX13pMLKOdiGMLb3xLWQXlzqOD8OXMe5lzNlbO9AMs6ipwPFB93Bg2nWHUCdld1knDo2i64cw-QRzX2YN2sfJE8RR0qiMjxuDCg/s878/Culpeper+Exponent+11031916-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="878" data-original-width="378" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyRStjtWhu86JQSy_kZTXurQS7sBH-i1izKQ5XW9if1uX13pMLKOdiGMLb3xLWQXlzqOD8OXMe5lzNlbO9AMs6ipwPFB93Bg2nWHUCdld1knDo2i64cw-QRzX2YN2sfJE8RR0qiMjxuDCg/s320/Culpeper+Exponent+11031916-1.png" width="138" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivBfVSocI7t-7oH-R2eBRjgW7Ll9NANmgf_doVQfMXXlTZ8Rd5uZLBd4Txd4Fs3VI_bO-6Dflx0JUUaH_4v_xvWBhWh1YTInZmmK7YHww0fL1ArdlawtTIIakKZziE4E_JgJYM9P27jUJt/s910/Culpeper+Exponent+11031916-2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="910" data-original-width="374" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivBfVSocI7t-7oH-R2eBRjgW7Ll9NANmgf_doVQfMXXlTZ8Rd5uZLBd4Txd4Fs3VI_bO-6Dflx0JUUaH_4v_xvWBhWh1YTInZmmK7YHww0fL1ArdlawtTIIakKZziE4E_JgJYM9P27jUJt/s320/Culpeper+Exponent+11031916-2.png" width="132" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> The cause of death listed on his death certificate is "suffocated by smoke, caught in a burning building. His undertaker is shown to be A.J. Harlow, who lost his residence and businesses in the 1908 fire. Towles Terrill is buried in Graham Cemetery.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAT3rAJYoULcemafRlF97_T4bVHJMp0IKXI30lzMRMXxIqt0s-EL7SBBdE-sAA_XI7jTy-UdICwEa9rSyVx1yyT9Dp4nXC6KN9inMVZpKlZGC3fIpgBQvjEwkh2jjciXEm_WIEyNABJ7ub/s1326/Towles+Terrill.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1144" data-original-width="1326" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAT3rAJYoULcemafRlF97_T4bVHJMp0IKXI30lzMRMXxIqt0s-EL7SBBdE-sAA_XI7jTy-UdICwEa9rSyVx1yyT9Dp4nXC6KN9inMVZpKlZGC3fIpgBQvjEwkh2jjciXEm_WIEyNABJ7ub/s320/Towles+Terrill.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgseniPA52bqXNZ9j5QjvwawJYvgATJMzwmDkIPZDMX0Il28tulKp4yQ1oEs0L272PdMFfiOW0mzgQJGjsdwr6H2-Rs_-f0FkSyFifmYbOmP27CtxZbYz5Pvzi4M-NYfoUReP3_tILtFEdE/s856/Grave.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="856" data-original-width="640" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgseniPA52bqXNZ9j5QjvwawJYvgATJMzwmDkIPZDMX0Il28tulKp4yQ1oEs0L272PdMFfiOW0mzgQJGjsdwr6H2-Rs_-f0FkSyFifmYbOmP27CtxZbYz5Pvzi4M-NYfoUReP3_tILtFEdE/s320/Grave.png" width="239" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;">Special thanks to Ray Ezell for his assistance with this article.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">[1] While the fire of 1908 is usually thought of as the "great" fire, another blaze struck Railroad Avenue just nine months later on July 20, 1909, as reported in that day's Richmond Times Dispatch:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8wG42Tojpu4ZPTeTv6rreVEtQPQq_VcEBf-Gp0tbKBNyHr7qEjFrbkOcRPT0TNudO150YFXAx7hV22hZwg_GVkL5v3zKVePJxSYBaWgmLVCmSlVTgH0vSR4KeWGWFpDRdnlaiyV_TX2ZU/s942/Times+Dispatch+072109-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="942" data-original-width="758" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8wG42Tojpu4ZPTeTv6rreVEtQPQq_VcEBf-Gp0tbKBNyHr7qEjFrbkOcRPT0TNudO150YFXAx7hV22hZwg_GVkL5v3zKVePJxSYBaWgmLVCmSlVTgH0vSR4KeWGWFpDRdnlaiyV_TX2ZU/s320/Times+Dispatch+072109-1.png" width="257" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRmMHkzkBbg4FP5SXJObu4DVjMJKj6J6YqCiFCel6wazZbfQawS5m89u8DVMH9i5HkLGvD8ITiaOqr084O3DBn8g_p_tje2FMI779w8McUEUc8Z9rfbm5F-Rx4mLpZzTPamzo-bFmm8vHP/s950/Times+Dispatch+072109-2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="950" data-original-width="754" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRmMHkzkBbg4FP5SXJObu4DVjMJKj6J6YqCiFCel6wazZbfQawS5m89u8DVMH9i5HkLGvD8ITiaOqr084O3DBn8g_p_tje2FMI779w8McUEUc8Z9rfbm5F-Rx4mLpZzTPamzo-bFmm8vHP/s320/Times+Dispatch+072109-2.png" width="254" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEKW0j7xYTD3dN1j1F9SSASJl-doe7BE0HZ5pYepqok0j1_zPGbTcyuHAuqdAUDrwPlZ4IREU2Nf3Q7SKxqlF7FtV0yLF0kMQ64_PGcV6dhlRkY9YfMmjbgemYbMGS77wCozToFHu5qWUF/s760/Times+Dispatch+072109-3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="556" data-original-width="760" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEKW0j7xYTD3dN1j1F9SSASJl-doe7BE0HZ5pYepqok0j1_zPGbTcyuHAuqdAUDrwPlZ4IREU2Nf3Q7SKxqlF7FtV0yLF0kMQ64_PGcV6dhlRkY9YfMmjbgemYbMGS77wCozToFHu5qWUF/s320/Times+Dispatch+072109-3.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> The Sanborn Company fire insurance map of September 1909 shows an empty void along Railroad Avenue where the destroyed buildings once stood:</p><p style="text-align: left;"> </p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxHgXZ9ear5CNFgpGXcM_jiOXJk_kWHBwewtr7hwBWt0n582R2gDC-fDWsuTDp1j1pCMNVaM_LT7iCfLXactEafnpRbTtotlI50uBnobYYdefkz3UYv6gq31NqnYJkprcvthIN_9WA3H_f/s1582/Screen+Shot+2021-11-16+at+11.44.35+AM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1348" data-original-width="1582" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxHgXZ9ear5CNFgpGXcM_jiOXJk_kWHBwewtr7hwBWt0n582R2gDC-fDWsuTDp1j1pCMNVaM_LT7iCfLXactEafnpRbTtotlI50uBnobYYdefkz3UYv6gq31NqnYJkprcvthIN_9WA3H_f/s320/Screen+Shot+2021-11-16+at+11.44.35+AM.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> [2] While it is unlikely that Towles spent very much time, or any, with Cornelius Boyle at Gordonsville, I thought it worthwhile to write a little about him. Dr. Cornelius Boyle (1817-1878) was a lifelong resident of Washington, D.C. until the start of the Civil War. He was one of the city's leading physicians, and was well-connected politically and socially. In 1852, Boyle wrote the death certificate of John Payne Todd, the step-son of President James Madison:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1KLuRSuLhxn5s5icqsKrawN8byUy6XdSzRT21BvB4cCOPL455rbgJr1x4ATjLNYRbQyWGrVHgQZAEDwUJV6oB2SztLIJw2xeplobnwGGieW4yEQbzET5mGZSqKD0q35iZPdi-itbEJJxo/s1400/Cornelius+Boyle+certifies+death+of+JP+Todd.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="1064" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1KLuRSuLhxn5s5icqsKrawN8byUy6XdSzRT21BvB4cCOPL455rbgJr1x4ATjLNYRbQyWGrVHgQZAEDwUJV6oB2SztLIJw2xeplobnwGGieW4yEQbzET5mGZSqKD0q35iZPdi-itbEJJxo/s320/Cornelius+Boyle+certifies+death+of+JP+Todd.png" width="243" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;">Dr. Boyle also treated Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner after he was caned by South Carolina Senator Preston Brooks on the Senate floor in 1856.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Dr. Boyle sympathized with the Southern cause and was part of a network of other influential people in Washington who wished to give aid and comfort to the Confederacy. At he beginning of the Civil War, Boyle and his family left Washington and moved to Virginia. He was selected by Robert E. Lee to act as provost marshal at the critical rail junction at Gordonsville, which was linked to both Richmond and Washington. Intelligence gathered by spies in Washington would be sent to Gordonsville, and from there Boyle would ensure that it reached Richmond. </p><p style="text-align: left;">Dr. Boyle led a fascinating life, which is referenced in this article which I think many of you will find interesting: <a href="https://www.trishkaufmann.com/masonry/resources/15-29kscq-no-20-final-2.pdf" target="_blank">Secret Societies of the South</a></p><p style="text-align: left;">My primary sources for this article were contemporaneous articles from the following newspapers:</p><p style="text-align: left;">-The Alexandria Gazette</p><p style="text-align: left;">-The Daily Press (Newport News)</p><p style="text-align: left;">-The Free Lance (Fredericksburg)</p><p style="text-align: left;">-The Culpeper Exponent</p><p style="text-align: left;">-The Culpeper News <br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">-The Richmond Times Dispatch</p><p style="text-align: left;">-The Shenandoah Herald (Woodstock)<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">-The Native Virginian (Orange)</p><p style="text-align: left;">-The Daily Star (Fredericksburg) <br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">I also used information from the website of the <a href="https://www.orangevfc.com/content/history/" target="_blank">Orange Volunteer Fire Company</a><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> <br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> <br /></p>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-87413976736572517522021-06-13T13:58:00.002-04:002021-06-13T20:25:45.444-04:00Henry Robey and Hopewell Nurseries<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGxnVY3R275pAmkosKP-7G2jBdvu5k-4etvuFKDUhBnnuW-YcCOo9yhfeOu8AhXMDtxUQmK2SriANgZ2Cj1qVtm4nwM3Z-XwEVPzl5sxESvOK6HZc01CnhyphenhyphenXI0XCxuXj9pqw0ISprrLpd9/s1232/Screen+Shot+2021-06-13+at+11.20.33+AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1232" data-original-width="880" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGxnVY3R275pAmkosKP-7G2jBdvu5k-4etvuFKDUhBnnuW-YcCOo9yhfeOu8AhXMDtxUQmK2SriANgZ2Cj1qVtm4nwM3Z-XwEVPzl5sxESvOK6HZc01CnhyphenhyphenXI0XCxuXj9pqw0ISprrLpd9/s320/Screen+Shot+2021-06-13+at+11.20.33+AM.png" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> (Photograph of Henry R. Robey from Glen Holmes's compilation of "Robey Family History," Courtesy of R. Brooks Robey.)</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Henry Richard Robey was born in Fredericksburg on July 26, 1810 to Richard Robey and the former Ann Jones. Richard served in the American Revolution and participated in the siege of Yorktown in 1781.</p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RgbRqns4bbWKzr2G65TOzByjjEwOFTHfTns-jbXgfNfef9GSiGQnuawoR6sQS9Jbwt9mK1Xb8-kQcZ1fk9Ystib11jDYz9-11Ians2CoF4EWKXcQZ5AME_3jFWHQFyeHN7Yvjc5ki6gi/s1042/Screen+Shot+2021-06-13+at+11.27.47+AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1042" data-original-width="990" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RgbRqns4bbWKzr2G65TOzByjjEwOFTHfTns-jbXgfNfef9GSiGQnuawoR6sQS9Jbwt9mK1Xb8-kQcZ1fk9Ystib11jDYz9-11Ians2CoF4EWKXcQZ5AME_3jFWHQFyeHN7Yvjc5ki6gi/s320/Screen+Shot+2021-06-13+at+11.27.47+AM.png" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> (Page 660 of "Virginia Silversmiths, Jewelers, Watch and Clock Makers, 1697-1860, " by Catherine B. Hollan. Hollan Press, 2010. Courtesy of R. Brooks Robey.)</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Henry was an energetic young man with good business sense, and by the age of 20 he was in the grocery business in Fredericksburg with jeweler James R. Johnson. This enterprise did not last long, as Mr. Johnson moved to Richmond to try his luck there. Next, Henry partnered with William C.C. Abbott. This effort was also short-lived, as Henry's real interest appeared to lie in the cultivation of trees. By 1835, Henry was already advertising trees for sale in two of Fredericksburg's newspapers, <i>The Virginia Herald </i>and <i>The Political Arena</i>. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnAIJm6jMgnc1CFvi-U4Jq0KuOgJIFmNmXrQ_z2TwEG8GzME79bUSA2P2MVulig6yNkACEoycCOSVyJY5yp0xD_OqANe3qfioQdnModup2R-TwcxRyCwXnPMruM2pHgcfTT_3dgWFN8Vc5/s1172/map.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1172" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnAIJm6jMgnc1CFvi-U4Jq0KuOgJIFmNmXrQ_z2TwEG8GzME79bUSA2P2MVulig6yNkACEoycCOSVyJY5yp0xD_OqANe3qfioQdnModup2R-TwcxRyCwXnPMruM2pHgcfTT_3dgWFN8Vc5/s320/map.png" width="320" /></a></div><p>(Map detail of Spotsylvania County, 1863.)</p><p> In May 1838, Henry bought from James Ross a 494-acre farm in Spotsylvania named "Hopewell." This place was located on the south side of what is now called Old Plank Road behind Zoan Baptist Church, In the years leading up to the Civil War, Henry added to Hopewell's size. The 1860 census showed his farm to then consist of 701 acres. The nurseries also included a few greenhouses, traces of which could still be seen in the 1930s.<br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7bKPuwlatnWyTXHIzDc9BeQ3ks7_WfEFNmKboK892nQ2Ez82KC-ygRJc8OcioKCr9dlCN1K7S477t9UTz_6TgpkRNV91b5Ih-OvWdMZsOX_pYOGkhZxE84WtbplTIOwwC5yVTxXClUJXb/s960/Hopewell+Nurseries--Jim+Orrock.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="718" data-original-width="960" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7bKPuwlatnWyTXHIzDc9BeQ3ks7_WfEFNmKboK892nQ2Ez82KC-ygRJc8OcioKCr9dlCN1K7S477t9UTz_6TgpkRNV91b5Ih-OvWdMZsOX_pYOGkhZxE84WtbplTIOwwC5yVTxXClUJXb/s320/Hopewell+Nurseries--Jim+Orrock.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: left;">(Image courtesy of John Ryland Orrock.)</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Henry married his first wife, Clarissa Taliaferro Brooke, on June 3, 1834. Over the next nine years they would have six children together, only two of whom survived infancy--Charles Henry and William Brooke. Clarissa herself died on January 28, 1843, two weeks after the birth of her last child.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> In November of the following year, Henry married Susan Frances Brownlow. They had two children together, Susan and Henry, Jr., both of whom lived to adulthood.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Over the years, Henry propagated untold numbers of trees, and he shipped his products to customers across Virginia and to many states in the eastern United States. By the 1850s, Henry was widely considered to be one of Virginia's leading arborists. His name frequently appeared in trade journals and catalogs, a few examples of which are shown here:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr0740iBIpVtVPXPllMtFgtkBMDYPRZIR_7H92e7p7Hmf9WRL7xL3i9obuTXtalhxMsraChAoRvQxwGiUjJADVE4FlJ6LvwL6VaHazPzheQ4tILRjfjF4q71L2P4OXCKVoGuIoI38eRrWZ/s1200/hopewell-nursery-catalog-cover.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="832" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr0740iBIpVtVPXPllMtFgtkBMDYPRZIR_7H92e7p7Hmf9WRL7xL3i9obuTXtalhxMsraChAoRvQxwGiUjJADVE4FlJ6LvwL6VaHazPzheQ4tILRjfjF4q71L2P4OXCKVoGuIoI38eRrWZ/s320/hopewell-nursery-catalog-cover.jpg" /></a></div><p>(From Eric Mink's article: <a href="https://npsfrsp.wordpress.com/2013/01/28/landscaping-the-rappahannock-region-spotsylvanias-hopewell-nurseries/" target="_blank">Landscaping the Rappahannock: Spotsylvania's Hopewell Nurseries</a>)</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilDqJ5NHCjM_jNsCFNcS31bitvpvT_IVqkeCVRxo9hjr1OqyPSg8RQQLKPd_9Ap0jvSJ3Iqzwxx6cH_aM59sPzpJh1IfTim_JpUxatwuitR19QQj2SY5YcJpEZ6z3ef6YMDRR6ipgfigXE/s924/The+Southern+Cultivator+1854.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="586" data-original-width="924" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilDqJ5NHCjM_jNsCFNcS31bitvpvT_IVqkeCVRxo9hjr1OqyPSg8RQQLKPd_9Ap0jvSJ3Iqzwxx6cH_aM59sPzpJh1IfTim_JpUxatwuitR19QQj2SY5YcJpEZ6z3ef6YMDRR6ipgfigXE/s320/The+Southern+Cultivator+1854.png" width="320" /></a></div><p>(From <i>The Southern Cultivator</i>, 1854.)</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEqmJS88Sh8TMlrmZkomI7yYNARufOiw_nkKd6XEkDOfczQPmwKZgOFF2ROnV7bEBISu2dU-If0g3szCobBkfzG-V9J50VbdKtWtGSpeAO2ZMIBmIER89xIKOAcg49XgLC5kguBGSNfvib/s1200/hopewell-broadside1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="763" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEqmJS88Sh8TMlrmZkomI7yYNARufOiw_nkKd6XEkDOfczQPmwKZgOFF2ROnV7bEBISu2dU-If0g3szCobBkfzG-V9J50VbdKtWtGSpeAO2ZMIBmIER89xIKOAcg49XgLC5kguBGSNfvib/s320/hopewell-broadside1.jpg" /></a></div><p>(From Eric Mink's article: <a href="https://npsfrsp.wordpress.com/2013/01/28/landscaping-the-rappahannock-region-spotsylvanias-hopewell-nurseries/" target="_blank">Landscaping the Rappahannock: Spotsylvania's Hopewell Nurseries</a>)</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF906hcC6Gj5NysjxmSk0HrnWB2Rlnt2cNcuUH_u-wQy6vgXxZkqA-2RVeXBQyTiKFZDN6hA7xU7xq0zxO8hLgTTKasi8Hk4PURd1eBcSx4ELDdiRD6acd9vSXhxS_pI8NU6Mus1UFBAol/s1032/Screen+Shot+2021-06-13+at+12.07.23+PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1032" data-original-width="916" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF906hcC6Gj5NysjxmSk0HrnWB2Rlnt2cNcuUH_u-wQy6vgXxZkqA-2RVeXBQyTiKFZDN6hA7xU7xq0zxO8hLgTTKasi8Hk4PURd1eBcSx4ELDdiRD6acd9vSXhxS_pI8NU6Mus1UFBAol/s320/Screen+Shot+2021-06-13+at+12.07.23+PM.png" /></a></div><p>(From <i>The Cultivator</i>, Vol. 1, No. 6, 1844. Courtesy of R. Brooks Robey.)</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLCzXM-QCf4W3pLOKhJWNPEHWyCSZH2I8TrG5RPiwCgqMeDFEFwBm-ogR_OIt0iWL66mgrmE46gaVsVCIhoVB5DsGoFBCc0P5AoUvMzhqqx1shgJYil5Ccw16bwrq7LvVrfM4NHGs7yiqu/s1006/Screen+Shot+2021-06-13+at+12.11.24+PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="982" data-original-width="1006" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLCzXM-QCf4W3pLOKhJWNPEHWyCSZH2I8TrG5RPiwCgqMeDFEFwBm-ogR_OIt0iWL66mgrmE46gaVsVCIhoVB5DsGoFBCc0P5AoUvMzhqqx1shgJYil5Ccw16bwrq7LvVrfM4NHGs7yiqu/s320/Screen+Shot+2021-06-13+at+12.11.24+PM.png" width="320" /></a></div><p>(From <i>The Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste, </i>January 1861. Courtesy of R. Brooks Robey.)</p><p> Henry Robey's business was frequently featured in newspaper articles:</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi55BXdLu_B5H_NiMv-S_BF7lBx8U-SZhXARDMdkTOaS1kt_zb1OCUpjwN_OpUHmMQ9SidIkC_Hj_8olilZ79L5jk891_ID7CfJf49Aifnx2ZPDXUyw06fIira8iS6j8ECdDZIyGitULbNu/s790/FN+6+feb+1852.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="722" data-original-width="790" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi55BXdLu_B5H_NiMv-S_BF7lBx8U-SZhXARDMdkTOaS1kt_zb1OCUpjwN_OpUHmMQ9SidIkC_Hj_8olilZ79L5jk891_ID7CfJf49Aifnx2ZPDXUyw06fIira8iS6j8ECdDZIyGitULbNu/s320/FN+6+feb+1852.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;">(<i>The Fredericksburg News</i>, 6 February 1852.)</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNpuwmX6WiocURy0_HEykBvzzXdkOp2Ukj8WjRUs4CemDm70Z4UwP2cV0tB1G79LvFKCxVY9x6u9jcaG5hmarP8gC2k_b9WDsQWZiqvRhTEuu04-rMbsmZDnO8OKjLa1e4rBMuXiUzvigA/s818/AG+23+sep+1850.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="818" data-original-width="610" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNpuwmX6WiocURy0_HEykBvzzXdkOp2Ukj8WjRUs4CemDm70Z4UwP2cV0tB1G79LvFKCxVY9x6u9jcaG5hmarP8gC2k_b9WDsQWZiqvRhTEuu04-rMbsmZDnO8OKjLa1e4rBMuXiUzvigA/s320/AG+23+sep+1850.png" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;">(<i>The Alexandria Gazette</i>, 23 September 1850.)</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNJOr7Lcsicov0EkqDI8Obk8QHU70BWT1znt10S0W9AiWQj_11uScqeJ7icsWQT7H5dn5G-g1wznVkvznnxwntMnvyrSgAxTqtQpcFX4ZMwV7hJwBu8yU9JSEejWVCVX3uRav5QfbsDkpN/s1244/FN+14+may+1858.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1244" data-original-width="846" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNJOr7Lcsicov0EkqDI8Obk8QHU70BWT1znt10S0W9AiWQj_11uScqeJ7icsWQT7H5dn5G-g1wznVkvznnxwntMnvyrSgAxTqtQpcFX4ZMwV7hJwBu8yU9JSEejWVCVX3uRav5QfbsDkpN/s320/FN+14+may+1858.png" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> (<i>Fredericksburg News</i>, 14 May 1858.)</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6ahfxIL1whakp3zKTrZnyzNG0dFn5CQ2iYk0OR2N5vMAx_pQb7yvNkMFtkaFkS_tMSGI0dJhtQfUhJntVM_jMstEBozFE0aJAlh9kTvyL5AXhqB1BuBoify2MZ0XY9f8T2S8CVn5itBTB/s978/REnq+31+aug+1860.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="334" data-original-width="978" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6ahfxIL1whakp3zKTrZnyzNG0dFn5CQ2iYk0OR2N5vMAx_pQb7yvNkMFtkaFkS_tMSGI0dJhtQfUhJntVM_jMstEBozFE0aJAlh9kTvyL5AXhqB1BuBoify2MZ0XY9f8T2S8CVn5itBTB/s320/REnq+31+aug+1860.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;">(<i>Richmond Enquirer</i>, 31 August 1860.)</p><p style="text-align: left;"> From the Rumsey Auctions website I learned that one of Henry's customers before the Civil War was William Massie (1795-1862) of Nelson County, Virginia. In 1815, Massie's father gave him a 1500-acre estate named "Pharsalia." This well-diversified farm included a number of money-making enterprises, including large and well tended orchards. Massie had plenty of help to see to all this work; the 1850 census shows that he owned 139 slaves.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoTaMFvTdzg9fyJHQUW-AqdEe8_s4u1jrI9pkyGXUMJWSmzoj9DQzsoeuywlspTny5IkxhSAdBC8aCdiShk49AsTuaPTzPzxJKpGwtANFInI9ZbkHVjdaGdwzHAQQLabnlPq3ej-yasiuE/s811/William+Massie.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="811" data-original-width="676" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoTaMFvTdzg9fyJHQUW-AqdEe8_s4u1jrI9pkyGXUMJWSmzoj9DQzsoeuywlspTny5IkxhSAdBC8aCdiShk49AsTuaPTzPzxJKpGwtANFInI9ZbkHVjdaGdwzHAQQLabnlPq3ej-yasiuE/s320/William+Massie.jpeg" /></a></div><p>(William Massie. From Find-a-Grave).</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCPxPWk4R0-FmseSd8RygdoXmgxoGO8VqptHrAz8cX3D9AJ3F7s16QaDUVCajziKaTcEXte19q3YbLCWN0VsMhRYyq6asD-cZEwdUKnExEARTDwbWbtFTvtYEbhj6b1c2A4VEUR70sHfuX/s1182/rumsey+auctions.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="1182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCPxPWk4R0-FmseSd8RygdoXmgxoGO8VqptHrAz8cX3D9AJ3F7s16QaDUVCajziKaTcEXte19q3YbLCWN0VsMhRYyq6asD-cZEwdUKnExEARTDwbWbtFTvtYEbhj6b1c2A4VEUR70sHfuX/s320/rumsey+auctions.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;">(Envelope from Hopewell Nurseries addressed to William Massie, Esqr., Massies Mills, Nelson County Va. Dated November 1861. Note the Confederate stamp. From Rumsey Auctions.)</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Henry's two oldest sons served in the Confederate army during the Civil War. William rode with the 9th Virginia Cavalry, Charles enlisted in the 55th Virginia Infantry. William survived the war without being wounded, captured or hospitalized. Charles was not so fortunate. He spent much of the war seriously ill, both at home and at Confederate hospitals. He suffered from a variety of chronic complaints, including hepatitis, neuralgia and diarrhea. On April 3, 1865 he was captured by Union forces while still a patient in one of the hospitals in Richmond. He was first taken to Libby Prison, and from there was transported to Newport News on April 23. There he remained a captive until he took the oath of allegiance to the United States on July 1, 1865. He then returned to Spotsylvania and continued working at Hopewell. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Henry had his own troubles during the Civil War. During the Battle of Chancellorsville, Hopewell was used as a campsite by Cobb's Legion and the 4th Virginia Cavalry. A field hospital was set up there. Ordnance wagons and troop baggage trains were parked there. "For want of axes" needed to chop firewood, Confederate soldiers instead helped themselves to Henry's fencing in order to build fires. Hundreds of horses grazed freely on his land, eating up half the grass he would have otherwise cut for hay that year. Henry submitted a claim for damages to the Confederate army, which was approved just days before the end of the war. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Henry's second wife Susan died on April 12, 1865. It is said she died upon hearing the news of the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox. Nine months later, Henry married his third wife, Ann Lucas. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> During the 1870s, St. George's Episcopal Church in Fredericksburg underwent a tumultuous period during which two of its pastors resigned from the pulpit. Reverend Magruder Maury, who had been rector at St. George's since December 1864, resigned in 1871 in a dispute over his salary. His replacement, Reverend C. Murdaugh, also had his problems with the parish. He resigned in 1877 in order to form Trinity Episcopal Church in Fredericksburg. About a third of St. George's members followed him there. In 1871, Henry deeded an acre of his land in order build St. George's Chapel. I have not discovered whether there is any connection between St. George's problems in Fredericksburg and Henry's building the chapel, but the timing is interesting. The chapel once stood on what is now called Old Plank Road at the far east corner of Henry's property, probably near the intersection with Ziyad Drive. Services were regularly held there well into the twentieth century. The chapel ultimately fell into disuse and succumbed to decay.</p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW8njJo2lJu0ENDe1ko-_bG_nc3p9sa69l7i_YhvFQC2QcEi07No9moYAxlglB1HROxkpEZVd2MTabHe-fenTySou8EbhqpEax7LC_ycdayt3apg_X2mgQCeZhVr_iLoJ4Mg5AendM4YFp/s1280/Election+flyer.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="847" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW8njJo2lJu0ENDe1ko-_bG_nc3p9sa69l7i_YhvFQC2QcEi07No9moYAxlglB1HROxkpEZVd2MTabHe-fenTySou8EbhqpEax7LC_ycdayt3apg_X2mgQCeZhVr_iLoJ4Mg5AendM4YFp/s320/Election+flyer.jpeg" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> At some time, probably in the early 1870s, Henry Robey--who was active in local politics--ran for justice of the piece, as shown on the election broadside above (which I found among my great-grandfather's papers). I was not able to learn if Henry won.</p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ3Zall9Nhdt-bclg7EVkQ3vcJ6Wf0XWxQ-CJKR0zJxcWI5zvDXcZr_J3bJilJY4-DwjmKYdIlGVmL1Ip44uxVEZLU7FGEtgvYUPI3Sq3KkGB9GRFrJG5r72rD1NlakYX082Dj3hj0V-zK/s972/ds+13+jun+1895.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="972" data-original-width="662" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ3Zall9Nhdt-bclg7EVkQ3vcJ6Wf0XWxQ-CJKR0zJxcWI5zvDXcZr_J3bJilJY4-DwjmKYdIlGVmL1Ip44uxVEZLU7FGEtgvYUPI3Sq3KkGB9GRFrJG5r72rD1NlakYX082Dj3hj0V-zK/s320/ds+13+jun+1895.png" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;">(From <i>The Daily Star</i>, 13 January 1895.)</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Beginning in the early 1850s, construction began what would become the Potomac, Fredericksburg and Piedmont Railroad, a rail line that would connect Fredericksburg with the Town of Orange. Work stopped on the railroad during the Civil War, and resumed shortly thereafter. The railroad passed through Hopewell, and "Robey's" became one of the scheduled stops. The first train to rumble down the tracks left Fredericksburg on February 26, 1877.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5-nhcTNLTwSobKNpIuaMsU6TuS0lGAEET1jDym7LmC5IJ2dg-ITTSHYo7cL1JV_uGMGnPfh3k12vjCK8S7N0EFhUmRaAebcTUbPFxeKrXPM5YwmOCLiHLselnEKlhy9a-EJ79e_Jmif4k/s455/FN+10+Feb+1876.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="263" data-original-width="455" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5-nhcTNLTwSobKNpIuaMsU6TuS0lGAEET1jDym7LmC5IJ2dg-ITTSHYo7cL1JV_uGMGnPfh3k12vjCK8S7N0EFhUmRaAebcTUbPFxeKrXPM5YwmOCLiHLselnEKlhy9a-EJ79e_Jmif4k/s320/FN+10+Feb+1876.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;">(<i>Fredericksburg News</i>, 10 February 1876.)</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Henry Robey did not live to see that day. He died at his home on February 7, 1876. The funeral was held at the chapel near his house, and he was buried in the Fredericksburg Cemetery. His wife Ann followed him to the grave just nine months later.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> After the Civil War, Henry's youngest son, Henry, Jr., moved to Arkansas and lived there until his death in 1909. William Brooke Robey had seven children by two wives. His oldest daughter, Lula, taught in the public schools of Spotsylvania County. In 1898 she married Charles Andrew Orrock. Charles's father, James Orrock, was a Scottish immigrant who worked as a nurseryman for Henry Robey. One of Charles and Lula's daughters, Mollie, was one of my teachers at Chancellor Elementary School.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Charles Henry Robey worked at Hopewell until his father's death in 1876. In the 1880s, Charles attended the Fredericksburg Normal Institute, and began teaching in the Spotsylvania County schools in the 1890s. Charles was also a journalist and wrote many articles for the local newspapers. His unmistakable literary style was fluent, vivid and highly entertaining. In 1896, he wrote an article describing the violent confrontation between Phenie Tapp's new husband and her long-time lover. If you have not read my article on Phenie before, I think you will find this interesting: <a href="http://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2014/09/the-world-according-to-phenie-tapp.html" target="_blank">The World According to Phenie Tapp</a>. Charles died in the Confederate Home in Richmond in 1903.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">My thanks to John Ryland Orrock for providing background information for this article. </p><p style="text-align: left;">I will mention here again Eric Mink's article on Hopewell. This is well worth your time: <a href="https://npsfrsp.wordpress.com/2013/01/28/landscaping-the-rappahannock-region-spotsylvanias-hopewell-nurseries/" target="_blank">Landscaping the Rappahannock: Spotsylvania's Hopewell Nurseries</a></p><p style="text-align: left;">For those of you who may be interested in the history of St. George's Episcopal Church here is the link to the article I consulted for this post: <a href="https://history.churchsp.org/the-saints-split-trinity-episcopal-is-created-from-st-georges-1877/" target="_blank">The Saints Split: Trinity Episcopal is created from St. George's , 1877</a> <br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-49100606913143520702021-05-07T09:08:00.000-04:002021-05-07T09:08:18.471-04:00The McCrackens<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0tk6onq3aRIrttuZ4EqDbAGy02m6mQG9asenX4nqz3jHeLpdGrmmIkCAI-GaAlJjMMDCf3nsz5DDRgslFV1Pc8Xj7uh4hREUQ3LKPoH1aovLTS4dl18BWT56a3FmutDFIbYOE83sNZVZM/s560/Skibbereen_by_James_Mahony%252C_1847.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="560" data-original-width="405" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0tk6onq3aRIrttuZ4EqDbAGy02m6mQG9asenX4nqz3jHeLpdGrmmIkCAI-GaAlJjMMDCf3nsz5DDRgslFV1Pc8Xj7uh4hREUQ3LKPoH1aovLTS4dl18BWT56a3FmutDFIbYOE83sNZVZM/s320/Skibbereen_by_James_Mahony%252C_1847.JPG" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> For a number of reasons, not the least of which were the oppressive policies of absentee British landlords, the potato became the main source of sustenance for the rural poor in Ireland by the 1800s. When Ireland's potato crop was blighted by the Phytophthoria infestans mold in 1845, the effect on the country's people was immediate and devastating. During the next ten years, more than one million Irish starved to death, and another two million left Ireland. The engraving of the effects of the famine in Skibbeeren shown above was made by Irish artist James Mahony in 1847.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Among those who emigrated from Ireland during this period were the McCracken family, who found their way to Spotsylvania County by the 1850s. Thomas and Emma McCracken and their four sons--Patrick, Michael, Bernard ("Barney") and Terence prospered in their adopted country and contributed a great deal the civic and economic life of Spotsylvania and Fredericksburg. Their lives would be noted for both episodes of sublime grace and madness.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Bernard McCracken, more commonly known as Barney, was born in Ireland in 1836. At the beginning of the Civil War, some say he briefly served the Confederacy in Captain Thornton's Company of Irish Volunteers, which became part of the 19th Battalion of Virginia Heavy Artillery. But by 1863 Barney was working in a liquor shop in Washington, D.C. when he registered for the draft, as seen in the image below. Whether he ever wore a Union uniform is not known, but is doubtful as his name appears in the 1864 edition of the city directory as a "saloon keeper."</p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMrskWRTw6JU9d8mFIuPuARn8-VnAPbwoHKti_R_2h0PrzppYHnObavMQtTZoSTgM6WBAGSPT7-HCKlN8vyscNX6OLHe5TSwrNkydJ9pTl6Sd-YiC-8I8tBa2LGyWKFP9jL9mcavjJ0u81/s1684/Barney+u.s.+draft.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1326" data-original-width="1684" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMrskWRTw6JU9d8mFIuPuARn8-VnAPbwoHKti_R_2h0PrzppYHnObavMQtTZoSTgM6WBAGSPT7-HCKlN8vyscNX6OLHe5TSwrNkydJ9pTl6Sd-YiC-8I8tBa2LGyWKFP9jL9mcavjJ0u81/s320/Barney+u.s.+draft.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Soon after the Civil War, Barney married Mary F. Bowling and settled in Louisa County, where they had three children together. Barney became active in Republican Party politics and for a time served as tax assessor for Louisa and Orange counties. In 1869, he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates. The one term he served in that august body was notable for the press coverage devoted to his escapades on the floor of the House. The two articles below--the first from <i>The Daily Dispatch</i> of April 13, 1870 and the second from <i>The Daily State Journal</i> dated March 16, 1871--are examples of a colorful personality, or one that is slightly unhinged:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRGdPBmsA0rw02gIYyp8-pUcHWkWkNQp5xAP97gOv3msmWEHrbtIAHCcClpElwSvLJ8jCpUodDUVGq-VArVUbOeRC-YGVy3TwB0SU0SUTe8WeKNKfB_q4UHznIK0KUZjFUdhsuBooOn56-/s1056/Daily+dispatch+13+apr+1870.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1056" data-original-width="516" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRGdPBmsA0rw02gIYyp8-pUcHWkWkNQp5xAP97gOv3msmWEHrbtIAHCcClpElwSvLJ8jCpUodDUVGq-VArVUbOeRC-YGVy3TwB0SU0SUTe8WeKNKfB_q4UHznIK0KUZjFUdhsuBooOn56-/s320/Daily+dispatch+13+apr+1870.png" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVLVlQ9VGRFwa90qIQcUiJ2XBHqi2QYnFPRYRWYPiL40CmfRBB7UytcDHaPYdSpgrO1n6WEkRU26CGti1Hd0NSE7r-W_TV-imnIFc5qVyTN2uwCxttduLhuM8c55Ei1XK-6LXCYVzL5haI/s970/Daily+State+Journal+16+mar+1871.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="970" data-original-width="534" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVLVlQ9VGRFwa90qIQcUiJ2XBHqi2QYnFPRYRWYPiL40CmfRBB7UytcDHaPYdSpgrO1n6WEkRU26CGti1Hd0NSE7r-W_TV-imnIFc5qVyTN2uwCxttduLhuM8c55Ei1XK-6LXCYVzL5haI/s320/Daily+State+Journal+16+mar+1871.png" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Thirty-five-year-old Bernard McCracken died in Fredericksburg on December 17, 1871. He is buried in the Confederate Cemetery there.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgvVdUsgLo2D80Edx-4o5jemGJFdby4IVrNQMKUoDp8Ozsp23vIAN7FynChww-BN8cXLpwmMo4mrwJ5XJVgfd6NvW1CZz4y-tJXtn6Eou4TOcWvdd8R4RVidUOhl1CUimFUodVhyphenhyphenZbZCwD/s884/barney+headstone.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="884" data-original-width="666" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgvVdUsgLo2D80Edx-4o5jemGJFdby4IVrNQMKUoDp8Ozsp23vIAN7FynChww-BN8cXLpwmMo4mrwJ5XJVgfd6NvW1CZz4y-tJXtn6Eou4TOcWvdd8R4RVidUOhl1CUimFUodVhyphenhyphenZbZCwD/s320/barney+headstone.png" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> In 1856, Barney's father Thomas bought a 325-acre farm in western Spotsylvania County near Parker's Store, and divided it between himself and his sons Patrick and Michael. Where his youngest son Terence was at that time is not known; he may have been attending school somewhere. In the 1863 map detail of western Spotsylvania, the McCrackens' farm can be seen in the lower left of the image as "McCrackings."</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDxt5JXhQYumnTnDl95jEYLYdGxAxii6J_MCth4IhKE2SlNyGJxLE0FPwRmh0LNYZ2UKSYAZFxbqDzDAFv6-UyeNrfN_TphY76DutvQJvTlPyfd1jboK4uDX2vNpW7PUIgWaMqeNfCKAAb/s1638/Screen+Shot+2021-05-06+at+7.31.47+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1638" data-original-width="1462" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDxt5JXhQYumnTnDl95jEYLYdGxAxii6J_MCth4IhKE2SlNyGJxLE0FPwRmh0LNYZ2UKSYAZFxbqDzDAFv6-UyeNrfN_TphY76DutvQJvTlPyfd1jboK4uDX2vNpW7PUIgWaMqeNfCKAAb/s320/Screen+Shot+2021-05-06+at+7.31.47+PM.png" /></a></div><p></p><p> Patrick McCracken was born in Ireland on December 4, 1826. He married Elizabeth Dickey of Orange County on March 2, 1857 and they made their home at Patrick's farm.They had one son, William, who died young.<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> In April 1862, troops of the United States army crossed the Rappahannock River and occupied Fredericksburg, where they remained until August. Some time in July Patrick McCracken drove a wagon load of produce into Fredericksburg to sell. His presence aroused the suspicion of overly vigilant soldiers, who arrested him and sent him to Washington, D.C. where he languished in the Old Capitol Prison for nine weeks. Patrick finally was admitted to the office of General James S. Wadsworth, who was at the time military governor of the Washington district. Wadsworth quickly decided that there was no legal basis to detain him and freed Patrick after he pledged to not support the Confederacy.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif2OFO98kjmGufAAetjrOj3R52BAxyM67SyhF7b0-z7wkvW3j9cgxt1o3qEnd5fz7DkxkNe-FfHmyKQhJOX3ZUMmVwzPj5wenCDQbsTENRUsG2RkhGKWUpy_twuG-mmD0r9DxARNfae51B/s678/James_S._Wadsworth.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="678" data-original-width="488" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif2OFO98kjmGufAAetjrOj3R52BAxyM67SyhF7b0-z7wkvW3j9cgxt1o3qEnd5fz7DkxkNe-FfHmyKQhJOX3ZUMmVwzPj5wenCDQbsTENRUsG2RkhGKWUpy_twuG-mmD0r9DxARNfae51B/s320/James_S._Wadsworth.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> The lives of General Wadsworth and Patrick McCracken were fated to intersect one more time two years later, during the Battle of the Wilderness. On May 6, 1864 Wadsworth was leading his men in the chaotic fighting near the intersection of Brock and Plank roads when he was shot in the back of his head. While his wound was mortal, death was not instantaneous. He was taken to a Confederate field hospital set up on the Pulliam farm. Below is a photograph taken in 1866, showing the place were General Wadsworth was wounded:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvrFexBLWd8kPnW5ge6WqOYpV77uadTY9ml_3ZKHnZLl3oQMs7bTeRcshMGl-N5XhoeuRoqx_sfiAy8mQ2-yTD9xOn5xMk49PrZd0CjxLMFwFX_gK-m3vDp4WYkGK30y_2aoOD4bgvENQ7/s1920/1920px-Scene_of_General_Wadsworth%2527s_death._Tree_in_foreground_was_shattered_by_shell_that_killed_his_horse_LCCN2012647736.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1785" data-original-width="1920" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvrFexBLWd8kPnW5ge6WqOYpV77uadTY9ml_3ZKHnZLl3oQMs7bTeRcshMGl-N5XhoeuRoqx_sfiAy8mQ2-yTD9xOn5xMk49PrZd0CjxLMFwFX_gK-m3vDp4WYkGK30y_2aoOD4bgvENQ7/s320/1920px-Scene_of_General_Wadsworth%2527s_death._Tree_in_foreground_was_shattered_by_shell_that_killed_his_horse_LCCN2012647736.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> News of Wadsworth's wounding and his presence at the temporary hospital at the Pulliam farm reached Patrick McCracken. Patrick packed up some food and took a bucket of milk with to go to Wadsworth and do what he could for him. Once he got there, he learned from Dr. Zabdiel Adams, who was also a wounded prisoner who had tried to help Wadsworth, that the General was unconscious and unable to eat or drink. Patrick said that the doctor could have the milk and food instead. The next day, Patrick returned to the Pulliam farm with some sweet milk, which he used to moisten Wadsworth's lips. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Wadsworth died the following day. When Patrick showed up to care for Wadsworth, he learned that he had died and had been laid aside for burial. Patrick had the General's body transported to his farm, where he made a coffin out of some doors and boards that he painted black. Patrick dug a grave in his family's cemetery and placed Wadsworth in it and covered the coffin with a plank and then dirt. He then fashioned a grave marker and placed it at the head of the grave. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Several days later, Union General George Meade sent a letter to General Robert E. Lee, seeking to make arrangements to retrieve the body of General Wadsworth. On May 12, under a flag of truce, Union soldiers came to the farm of William A. Stephens and learned from the Confederates where the General's body had been taken. An ambulance was dispatched to the McCracken farm, and the mortal remains of James S. Wadsworth began their long journey to his home town in New York.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> The day after Wadsworth died, Patrick wrote this letter to his widow, which was printed in the 1865 edition of the New York State Agricultural Society:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2og1eYGugE3DiMFLy-jYbidNN1aW8TuD5WyFAql1Ilo-YmaG9zwaz96v1aUUX_7bOHd1HWHZrcIBxOAkb7eqxn1oOOzIFirYajM7lkIK7aKyL-3HJjmCgiXC_pGlxE6jKGmhRxxFYgP1V/s1144/Proceedings+of+the+NY+State+Agricultural+society.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1144" data-original-width="824" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2og1eYGugE3DiMFLy-jYbidNN1aW8TuD5WyFAql1Ilo-YmaG9zwaz96v1aUUX_7bOHd1HWHZrcIBxOAkb7eqxn1oOOzIFirYajM7lkIK7aKyL-3HJjmCgiXC_pGlxE6jKGmhRxxFYgP1V/s320/Proceedings+of+the+NY+State+Agricultural+society.png" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Mrs. Wadsworth sent a sum of money to Patrick as a token of her appreciation for his kindness. According to McCracken family lore, Patrick and his brother Terence used that money to start their grocery business in Fredericksburg. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Within two months of the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox, Patrick opened a grocery store in Fredericksburg on what is now known as William Street. From the June 24, 1865 edition of <i>The Fredericksburg Ledger</i>:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja2Dgo5od3PZEeI-qUfZTpnYsNQsrkzppNo4zgfq3cEKO1qEIHhaz9WKSTKtZcZmDqpa7cWfJU0PGGlNOvEiJaiqeph-qMyS0A4CF-BIr2AwSpZ1WOvydytO_uadCcoXTJ4hDF0gH-FxX3/s934/ds+24%252Cjun+1865.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="380" data-original-width="934" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja2Dgo5od3PZEeI-qUfZTpnYsNQsrkzppNo4zgfq3cEKO1qEIHhaz9WKSTKtZcZmDqpa7cWfJU0PGGlNOvEiJaiqeph-qMyS0A4CF-BIr2AwSpZ1WOvydytO_uadCcoXTJ4hDF0gH-FxX3/s320/ds+24%252Cjun+1865.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p> Not long after, Patrick's brother Terence joined him as a partner in the business. After Patrick's death, Terence would have at least one other partner, but he never changed the name of the business.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCXoDMnnnt2gKfQTmT32GEdWZwaANSc7HwttnGK-Uw_2WekOOxqguNRdFkWchug_N4OahrE7liXuOHWDyroMXx_vCmjiwWJ2RPN90uyX7i8nFJgVG0MMzERYa7UjrQFv3jN1TcH2yP7dy6/s1280/img305.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCXoDMnnnt2gKfQTmT32GEdWZwaANSc7HwttnGK-Uw_2WekOOxqguNRdFkWchug_N4OahrE7liXuOHWDyroMXx_vCmjiwWJ2RPN90uyX7i8nFJgVG0MMzERYa7UjrQFv3jN1TcH2yP7dy6/s320/img305.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> By 1870, Patrick and Elizabeth were living in Fredericksburg. The 1870 census tells us that also living in the McCracken household was Patrick's clerk, 27-year-old George Edward Chancellor. The son of Reverend Melzi Sanford Chancellor, George was a veteran of the 9th Virginia Cavalry. Within a couple of years, George opened his own store at the corner of William and Charles streets (this building still exists and serves as home to Castiglia's Italian Restaurant). Shown below is an 1866 photograph of George Chancellor (seated, wearing striped pants) with his family.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4PdtHm0CMGY9QeCv9iLRBmYUoxAlLUc8bYZKvNy3cwFBbNhcMI43K5w3C6hH8SF_xognEAIeegk1osx6d9IhwgPfwOgBbT5jIko5LVnmyq94xYprckm1Phy2LLenhoVjcTSE33AUclqo2/s702/Chancellor+family.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="702" data-original-width="646" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4PdtHm0CMGY9QeCv9iLRBmYUoxAlLUc8bYZKvNy3cwFBbNhcMI43K5w3C6hH8SF_xognEAIeegk1osx6d9IhwgPfwOgBbT5jIko5LVnmyq94xYprckm1Phy2LLenhoVjcTSE33AUclqo2/s320/Chancellor+family.jpeg" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Elizabeth Dickey McCracken died on October 21, 1873. Patrick followed her to the grave on June 18, 1875. They are both buried in the Confederate Cemetery in Fredericksburg.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheoyTcB0P6z9LCgN-oxPNFvkg4jrHdui4XfwewgY2ohFFtVNmD3INHQo2iwl0G_s4zeZ3o76mBPWtldwIK5MTG6j9yxljPdtn1sblDZWhYhupTh-DHUQNS3VkXafMk6bHV6HZmV65efNl-/s2048/AlexGaz+16+Jun+1875.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1816" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheoyTcB0P6z9LCgN-oxPNFvkg4jrHdui4XfwewgY2ohFFtVNmD3INHQo2iwl0G_s4zeZ3o76mBPWtldwIK5MTG6j9yxljPdtn1sblDZWhYhupTh-DHUQNS3VkXafMk6bHV6HZmV65efNl-/s320/AlexGaz+16+Jun+1875.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYM0ewSRdMDSul4-ec_YZwAzgCsrpHGQlyVs8Z5euCbh_n6hg5fOARrU8onzx6M6bfjp7j-9VrhbAAldHW2x9jcgpTaxIt-1KyuNvCAho1NCAhF7hHiuvkKSD0WxQdXIGeOtwbViRw5iXD/s911/patrick+and+elizabeth.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="911" data-original-width="700" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYM0ewSRdMDSul4-ec_YZwAzgCsrpHGQlyVs8Z5euCbh_n6hg5fOARrU8onzx6M6bfjp7j-9VrhbAAldHW2x9jcgpTaxIt-1KyuNvCAho1NCAhF7hHiuvkKSD0WxQdXIGeOtwbViRw5iXD/s320/patrick+and+elizabeth.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Like his brother Patrick, Michael McCracken also began his adult life as a farmer and slave owner in Spotsylvania near his parents. Also like his older brother, Michael married a woman from Orange County, Martha Jane Almond. They exchanged vows in Orange on December 23, 1856. They had two sons--Melvin, born in 1861 and Thomas, born in 1864.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Michael enlisted in Company E of the 9th Virginia Cavalry on April 5, 1862. By September he was detailed as an ambulance driver. He remained at this duty until he was dropped from the rolls on June 1, 1863, when he was awarded a mail contract. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Michael and his family remained on his farm until after the 1870 census. By 1873, the McCrackens had moved to Fredericksburg, where Michael started out as a saloon keeper. A few years later he and Martha built a hotel on Commerce (modern William) Street. There was also a McCracken Spoke Factory in Fredericksburg, but to which brother or brothers this enterprise belonged is not known. Michael became active in the civic affairs of Fredericksburg. He was a member of the fire department, an officer in the Building and Loan Association, a member of the Rappahannock Boat Club, and he served as town magistrate. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> By the mid-1880s, the behavior of Michael's son Thomas was already making the news, but not in a positive way. From the December 11, 1885 edition of <i>The Free Lance</i>:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxzUi_QcAzg53D2ExbmSvHOztbBd-puDLvL22HK7puprTX8jQ-2N71hwn_5ISLv-H2oxA2CyQXdpZUYCT-Xvq7VKClhspA47yxKLOpq2aIjcKneXeY2x9bU-k2_np_uYHLnZvqOKeiTAfs/s670/FL+11+dec+1885.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="486" data-original-width="670" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxzUi_QcAzg53D2ExbmSvHOztbBd-puDLvL22HK7puprTX8jQ-2N71hwn_5ISLv-H2oxA2CyQXdpZUYCT-Xvq7VKClhspA47yxKLOpq2aIjcKneXeY2x9bU-k2_np_uYHLnZvqOKeiTAfs/s320/FL+11+dec+1885.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Martha Almond McCracken died on August 17, 1887. She lies buried in the Confederate Cemetery in Fredericksburg. From <i>The Free Lance</i>:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDZC59Bp5Ws3mrEbTu1YwnGEibkCwpOkLdqRYmfpP-9QtbXWUkCMDfthSgu7yChiOXfTsS_cOB4rRqlxB8vdM5uEba3rhjKrEGExPtBr8mi6E0sx-CFi65PTFF4jowC6Yg1a05bnHQ5Q_U/s880/FL+19+Aug+1887.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="880" data-original-width="716" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDZC59Bp5Ws3mrEbTu1YwnGEibkCwpOkLdqRYmfpP-9QtbXWUkCMDfthSgu7yChiOXfTsS_cOB4rRqlxB8vdM5uEba3rhjKrEGExPtBr8mi6E0sx-CFi65PTFF4jowC6Yg1a05bnHQ5Q_U/s320/FL+19+Aug+1887.png" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Four years later, the McCracken family's name would again appear in the newspapers in a highly unfortunate, indeed tragic, event. On February 20, 1891, Thomas McCracken murdered his father on William Street. The particulars were described in February 22 edition of <i>The Richmond Dispatch</i>:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcaPF4KU3uKGs72CbLSdhIBXZ6NvKoJ9lkc2kdNN_tp7Lv4rlkr6pQ1t6uqlubMfEg01obdLFWD6lhP0IJoWmJBJno8FXRgXXFUxThYKfGtnscTiTpe6YFeUSjiia2WR4JZYx1RgixKYSB/s1428/RD+22+Feb+1891.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1428" data-original-width="486" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcaPF4KU3uKGs72CbLSdhIBXZ6NvKoJ9lkc2kdNN_tp7Lv4rlkr6pQ1t6uqlubMfEg01obdLFWD6lhP0IJoWmJBJno8FXRgXXFUxThYKfGtnscTiTpe6YFeUSjiia2WR4JZYx1RgixKYSB/s320/RD+22+Feb+1891.png" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis5D6CPW8YkP5WJhrJR0Zc_tm9nRldpw_MCyRia7wQCuqUNbL3rktXcRIHcLfDhxoWMUlC_QTlPQkN15Lw8Bp4-wndwIpkaDxv6px0Tdb4zrOmx3PSowHewLtedOgW4Z4XQyCHpxdLrDQH/s1560/Screen+Shot+2021-05-04+at+6.06.13+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1560" data-original-width="484" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis5D6CPW8YkP5WJhrJR0Zc_tm9nRldpw_MCyRia7wQCuqUNbL3rktXcRIHcLfDhxoWMUlC_QTlPQkN15Lw8Bp4-wndwIpkaDxv6px0Tdb4zrOmx3PSowHewLtedOgW4Z4XQyCHpxdLrDQH/s320/Screen+Shot+2021-05-04+at+6.06.13+PM.png" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir9aotyMh55FW0hq4I-hceUQIE2BbIynYPehP2MvDsWA_YI3ILogYbFmd1CHy9WRLxZbo5TuX-sMnEkJG0oUZd1uH-BhSSB7LwYTtTEn1DLJ9tU-i-jX5z-9wDZ0BUUzpuSNctqgny7_aq/s578/Screen+Shot+2021-05-04+at+6.09.30+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="578" data-original-width="472" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir9aotyMh55FW0hq4I-hceUQIE2BbIynYPehP2MvDsWA_YI3ILogYbFmd1CHy9WRLxZbo5TuX-sMnEkJG0oUZd1uH-BhSSB7LwYTtTEn1DLJ9tU-i-jX5z-9wDZ0BUUzpuSNctqgny7_aq/s320/Screen+Shot+2021-05-04+at+6.09.30+PM.png" /></a></p><p> In the ensuing trial, Thomas was found not guilty by the jury by reason of insanity. He was committed to the Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg. He was furloughed for a few days the following year to visit his family at Christmas. From <i>The Free Lance</i> dated December 30, 1892:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE_s_u0XY_NNNvrE-tM73uQ6RG1IZRzKN1W-L5xLuxV3NFlW10Dfj4BBMZfXFD2czLdpyXsNFKUlUcZs0X0AcFrG44bCmZF8Bh9BXwKB2PR22lYLA2UvXQmghtoEqlQC7Me6ZLh__Wg-J0/s538/FL+30+Dec+1892.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="408" data-original-width="538" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE_s_u0XY_NNNvrE-tM73uQ6RG1IZRzKN1W-L5xLuxV3NFlW10Dfj4BBMZfXFD2czLdpyXsNFKUlUcZs0X0AcFrG44bCmZF8Bh9BXwKB2PR22lYLA2UvXQmghtoEqlQC7Me6ZLh__Wg-J0/s320/FL+30+Dec+1892.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p> Thomas was released from the asylum in 1902. The 1910 census shows that he was single and working as a house dealer in Bruton, Virginia. In 1920, Thomas McCracken, employed as secretary-treasurer of a syrup company, was living in Richmond with his wife and children. By 1930 he was living alone in Williamsburg and working as a house painter. After that, I find no mention of him in the public record.</p><p> The youngest of the McCracken brothers, Terence, was born in Ireland on June 21, 1844. He married Margaret Scott on December 26, 1866. By 1876, Margaret and both of their children had died. The following June he married Frances Catherine Doherty at St. Peter's Catholic Cathedral in Richmond. They had two sons, both of whom survived to adulthood. </p><p> In addition to owning the grocery and dry goods store with his brother Patrick, Terence was a member of the Building Association, the fire department, the grain exchange and the Chamber of Commerce. Beginning in the 1880s he served on the board of directors of the Eastern State Hospital, where his nephew Thomas would be committed in 1891. </p><p> Terence spent the last weeks of his life as a patient at the Laurel Sanitarium in Laurel Maryland, which treated mental illness and alcoholism. He died there on June 21, 1918. He is buried in the Confederate Cemetery in Fredericksburg. From his memorial on Findagrave:</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd2-ct0U6kyNol4MDN-SZvVHs9JBM64Ac6nFJ6RNM0t89OPAb6A4VoUWFtAi8UCdEhL7nrIBUYqk6Jn90aRVrbFfJv1i65BNCdUv1lrtqLcwivnDzxfoMWH56X32boEtKUS0c82anz8OoO/s1158/Screen+Shot+2021-05-07+at+8.50.35+AM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="912" data-original-width="1158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd2-ct0U6kyNol4MDN-SZvVHs9JBM64Ac6nFJ6RNM0t89OPAb6A4VoUWFtAi8UCdEhL7nrIBUYqk6Jn90aRVrbFfJv1i65BNCdUv1lrtqLcwivnDzxfoMWH56X32boEtKUS0c82anz8OoO/s320/Screen+Shot+2021-05-07+at+8.50.35+AM.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHgCvwwbDTx1WcLEdkwf1C_W33t7q1WXROqq7gE46-1yJV979nbIKqswId7e4FLxhzT2Xkoluwu59JAGnqbSVhbowGJwP4SGLhVV2cZFkwclINIK2n7SAfnF2SLk1WKOiZq7rQCVuoyLwE/s1056/14572893_115004700615.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1056" data-original-width="804" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHgCvwwbDTx1WcLEdkwf1C_W33t7q1WXROqq7gE46-1yJV979nbIKqswId7e4FLxhzT2Xkoluwu59JAGnqbSVhbowGJwP4SGLhVV2cZFkwclINIK2n7SAfnF2SLk1WKOiZq7rQCVuoyLwE/s320/14572893_115004700615.jpg" /></a></div><p></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>My source for the story of Patrick McCracken and James S. Wadsworth is <a href="https://www.historynet.com/the-ultimate-price-at-the-battle-of-the-wilderness.htm" target="_blank">The Ultimate Price at the Battle of the Wilderness</a><br /></p>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-55105981808294331632021-03-27T07:36:00.000-04:002021-03-27T07:36:12.686-04:00Thomas Evan Thomas<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfQiFQN0E5PtuMfGLXmGxlcBJUh9fDdQnoOjZ00StZ247yaLXsSqStDM2Ivu8RPg2n5Cjh-DE7Jxn40-xPZ3k1uKaG-mgSxLohX-hF8LacO_LEzndird6nDlnA5Y-K0qqxonjew6oRjLdM/s1700/1857+arrival.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1700" data-original-width="1416" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfQiFQN0E5PtuMfGLXmGxlcBJUh9fDdQnoOjZ00StZ247yaLXsSqStDM2Ivu8RPg2n5Cjh-DE7Jxn40-xPZ3k1uKaG-mgSxLohX-hF8LacO_LEzndird6nDlnA5Y-K0qqxonjew6oRjLdM/s320/1857+arrival.jpg" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> Welsh immigrants began arriving in America in significant numbers by the end of the 17th century. Many who were attracted by William Penn's creed of religious tolerance came to Pennsylvania. By the mid-nineteenth century, Wales had become one of the world's leading coal producing regions. The burgeoning coal and steel industry in Pennsylvania lured large numbers of Welsh citizens to America. Ultimately, the Scranton area boasted the largest number of the Welsh people outside Wales itself.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> One of these immigrants was William Evan Thomas, born in Swansea, Wales on June 3, 1835. William secured second class passage aboard the sailing ship <i>Centurion</i> when it cast off from Liverpool, England in the summer of 1857. <i>Centurion</i> arrived at the Port of New York on July 23, 1857. The William E. Thomas shown on the ship manifest above was very likely the same person I mention here. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivtWXODq5xHrosnTZANG7pNuyv0xOTOOzWYgl229FK-y0ThPaR9NiajaKHuZ6HBxwX88badCSH5NwetrHHInMZWKj64yY0cpwcFoW383FTDKwQkNBC7_AnlsGD3swXO-vR6RbbDP6eTwju/s1026/Puddlers+at+work%252C+1920s.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="914" data-original-width="1026" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivtWXODq5xHrosnTZANG7pNuyv0xOTOOzWYgl229FK-y0ThPaR9NiajaKHuZ6HBxwX88badCSH5NwetrHHInMZWKj64yY0cpwcFoW383FTDKwQkNBC7_AnlsGD3swXO-vR6RbbDP6eTwju/s320/Puddlers+at+work%252C+1920s.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p> William made his way to western Pennsylvania, where he found work in the bustling coal mining and iron industry there. In 1863, he was working as an iron puddler, a worker who turns pig iron into wrought iron by "subjecting it to heat and frequent stirring in the presence of oxidizing substances." Shown above are puddlers at work in the 1920s.</p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiiDU3rLp_dUXXDgLkJKu8987ZrFvw2XzfY85x2OR2NvZWwywgXClFo3fgAPmjXP2kzccsntccYCBT7x7Qilo8DiosG3WetvrecspGgUqjdwWnJquhwhOMhDzn7NM9pO3HrP5ouTUC8Dyu/s1280/W.E.+Thomas+draft+registration.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="1280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiiDU3rLp_dUXXDgLkJKu8987ZrFvw2XzfY85x2OR2NvZWwywgXClFo3fgAPmjXP2kzccsntccYCBT7x7Qilo8DiosG3WetvrecspGgUqjdwWnJquhwhOMhDzn7NM9pO3HrP5ouTUC8Dyu/s320/W.E.+Thomas+draft+registration.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> On March 3, 1863, the United States Congress passed the Conscription Act, which required all male citizens between the ages of 20 and 45, and those who had applied for citizenship, to register for the military draft. On June 30 of that year, the name of William E. Thomas, a puddler aged 28, was written on a list of men from Scranton who were subject to the draft. Whether he ever served in the Union army is not known, although I suspect that the decision was made somewhere that his labor in the iron works was of greater benefit to the war effort than toting a musket into battle. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> Sometime in 1864, William married a young woman from Wales, Amelia Morgan, the daughter of a Welsh coal miner. Their first child, Thomas Evan Thomas, was born in Scranton on March 16, 1865. A daughter, Margaret, was born in 1869. Amelia died shortly after her birth. The 1870 census (in which William is now listed as a "miner") shows that William, Thomas and Margaret were living as boarders in Scranton in the household of Amelia's mother, who herself had also been recently widowed. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnFSrtyVMI8mzg5FA_Bq3THR75ZOuybPHyINjChKo-PtlxTLC-v1K9wE9jltIPin-mwogdra89A1NZtpepNwEZmWHtzskOQcfmBQP_PA-XWT2FVP910Twp2Fol3CRp4uCetZz2P_iffe6L/s2048/Sarah+passenger.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1944" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnFSrtyVMI8mzg5FA_Bq3THR75ZOuybPHyINjChKo-PtlxTLC-v1K9wE9jltIPin-mwogdra89A1NZtpepNwEZmWHtzskOQcfmBQP_PA-XWT2FVP910Twp2Fol3CRp4uCetZz2P_iffe6L/s320/Sarah+passenger.jpg" /></a></div><p> </p><p> In 1875, William married another Welsh immigrant, Sarah Mills Williams, born in Cardiff in January 1839, the daughter of Jane Mills and Samuel A. Williams, a Congregationalist minister. As seen on the ship manifest above, the Williams family arrived at the Port of New York on the sailing ship <i>Carroll of Carrolton</i> on November 4, 1840. Sarah was not yet two years old. The Williams family settled in Bradford County, Pennsylvania. The 1870 census shows that Sarah was living with her parents and working as a "tailoress."</p><p> William and Sarah's first child, Jane "Jennie" Williams Thomas was born on September 19, 1876. By this time, William had laid plans to move his family to Spotsylvania. By a deed dated November 27, 1877, William Evan Thomas bought a 184-acre farm in Spotsylvania from Anthony and Maria Wineschenk. Located about a half mile west of Zoan Baptist Church, the farm "lay on both sides of the old Turnpike Fredericksburg to Orange Court House" [that is, today's Route 3]. William and Sarah's youngest child, Samuel, was born there two years later, on June 5, 1879. </p><p> In 1884, William bought a 143-acre tract that was part of the estate of the late Reuben McGee (1798-1881). This was located on the Turnpike (today's Route 3) adjacent to the modern location of the Spotsylvania County History Museum. Today what remains of that property is owned by the Battlefield Trust.</p><p> In December 1887, William deeded the former Reuben McGee property to his son Thomas, now 22 years old. Here Thomas would build the house he and his large family would live in for many years.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3TTJuo2UMsGmioNaAd2RQrS7TUwoO9MNbXSrltvYjExTDXeCYzUJ5csnHusFMqwdLCWOCRWP-4lP817KFkOTCPsjEVb2BGS_OxERGFJ7j6UcFWjxG9axq-avoQCDTxQtg6xDJvq2RtVgJ/s1468/Thomas+family.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1468" data-original-width="1232" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3TTJuo2UMsGmioNaAd2RQrS7TUwoO9MNbXSrltvYjExTDXeCYzUJ5csnHusFMqwdLCWOCRWP-4lP817KFkOTCPsjEVb2BGS_OxERGFJ7j6UcFWjxG9axq-avoQCDTxQtg6xDJvq2RtVgJ/s320/Thomas+family.png" /></a></div><p></p><p> On July 30, 1890, Thomas married 32-year-old Ida Kezia Morrison. Their wedding took place at the home of her parents, James T. and Sarah Eastburn Morrison, and was officiated by by Methodist minister Arthur R. Goodchild. Fourteen years later, Ida's younger sister Abbie married Scottish immigrant Mungo William Thorburn, who--like Thomas--would become one of Spotsylvania's leading citizens (William Thorburn is particularly remembered for being instrumental in the founding of <a href="http://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2013/01/the-fredericksburg-wilderness-telephone.html" target="_blank">The Fredericksburg and Wilderness Telephone Company</a>). During the 21 years they were together, Thomas and Ida became the parents of 12 children, ten of whom survived childhood. In the family portrait above, Thomas and Ida pose with seven of their offspring. (Photo credit: Stephen Huerta on Ancestry.com)</p><p> Thomas was a deeply religious man. He became an ordained minister in the Methodist church, and his family were devoted members of Tabernacle Methodist Church. Over the years, Reverend Thomas conducted services at a number of local churches and officiated at many weddings and funerals. He read from the Bible each morning at breakfast while holding one of his children in his lap. Shown below is Tabernacle Methodist Church as Reverend Thomas knew it.<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimRmyEu3AVIiE3znVEcBvXi8N33yOx936lxtabvlEqQCdd9V-lZyfg5Lh847dvqfXJRrxUbe-39zttnXIdpebYxSTZHwivxu7K-4sE__lk_UyTHPhfzDyMgDB0gnwtblrO6oy9cizKBMnt/s845/tab+about+1950.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="845" data-original-width="594" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimRmyEu3AVIiE3znVEcBvXi8N33yOx936lxtabvlEqQCdd9V-lZyfg5Lh847dvqfXJRrxUbe-39zttnXIdpebYxSTZHwivxu7K-4sE__lk_UyTHPhfzDyMgDB0gnwtblrO6oy9cizKBMnt/s320/tab+about+1950.png" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> In addition to his clerical life, Thomas was for many years actively in the Spotsylvania Republican Party. In 1899, he was elected to the first of several terms as justice of the peace. The following year, he was appointed as one of Spotsylvania's enumerators for the 1900 census. In 1901, he was elected as a delegate to the Virginia Republican convention. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> The dawn of the twentieth century brought with it the first of a series of tragic evens that would befall the Thomas family. On April 9, 1900, Ida Lady, the 9-month-old daughter of Thomas and Ida, died of whooping cough. She was laid to rest in the cemetery at Salem Baptist Church. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUGOvwEhOPOYtEbQN2J1YvxmNg4YPjCZbEhgowmplDPm3Pd_GWOt_L9TlE0tZZ6YjWTW7ZihN98Eiy2n8AQyzgzZUqhkT21EzF_DaLAEYrhy3KgoSFt7Z0TnolJk8h-FCEsxpbCgKjUFMF/s898/Ida+Lady.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="898" data-original-width="790" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUGOvwEhOPOYtEbQN2J1YvxmNg4YPjCZbEhgowmplDPm3Pd_GWOt_L9TlE0tZZ6YjWTW7ZihN98Eiy2n8AQyzgzZUqhkT21EzF_DaLAEYrhy3KgoSFt7Z0TnolJk8h-FCEsxpbCgKjUFMF/s320/Ida+Lady.png" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Two years later, on May 5, 1902, 67-year-old William Evan Thomas died of heart disease at his home. His funeral was held at his house, officiated by Methodist minister James William Heckman. William lies buried in the cemetery at Salem Baptist Church. His grave is marked by an impressive obelisk with several inscriptions on it. The first is the well-known quote from Matthew 5:8: "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God." It appears first in English, then in Welsh. This is followed by a heartfelt sentiment from his widow, Sarah, which reads in part: "Farewell my dear husband, thy days on earth are over. Thy sufferings to an end have come. Those pains thou shalt feel no more."</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc3xDeb0z-iDoJ55cedyW8q3Ph-BJroCSEun26CT9ZTPXW0QxkRz9KPmm4EvtPlu_16nPL7j992D1woR85v3W4tpmycIK9wCmg84rdV-fUL48PrtNiqG64WC0aOh26Vcc7FGJC1MwaY_6D/s1280/WET+stone.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="359" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc3xDeb0z-iDoJ55cedyW8q3Ph-BJroCSEun26CT9ZTPXW0QxkRz9KPmm4EvtPlu_16nPL7j992D1woR85v3W4tpmycIK9wCmg84rdV-fUL48PrtNiqG64WC0aOh26Vcc7FGJC1MwaY_6D/s320/WET+stone.jpeg" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Sarah Williams Thomas outlived her husband by 24 years. After the death of William, Sarah made her home with the family of her daughter, Jennie Ricker, and moved with them to Clarendon in Arlington. She died there on January 14, 1926. She is buried near her husband at Salem Baptist Church, her grave marked by an obelisk of the same design as her husband's:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnXTjGcFB1UB2UHnKrQeHk4UVRRaxKV_6foC_KAdEEalOqYde0LmhYJcTS2KseSn8TjeMqYeywWTCBO7rFnJ8bU3IG7bO0yDQIfxEBbtZIlYLFWPBI6Qlf1GdkXPvbnwEOb5tB2fctvvAo/s3319/sarah+stone.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3319" data-original-width="947" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnXTjGcFB1UB2UHnKrQeHk4UVRRaxKV_6foC_KAdEEalOqYde0LmhYJcTS2KseSn8TjeMqYeywWTCBO7rFnJ8bU3IG7bO0yDQIfxEBbtZIlYLFWPBI6Qlf1GdkXPvbnwEOb5tB2fctvvAo/s320/sarah+stone.jpeg" /></a></div><p> </p><p> The Holiness movement in America had its roots in 19th-century Methodism. The adherents of the Holiness doctrine were Pentecostal and evangelistic. Revival camps sprang up in many places, including Spotsylvania. Methodist minister James William Heckman established the Spotsylvania Holiness Association in 1903. The Association bought a tract of land at the intersection of Brock and Piney Branch roads. By 1906, the camp consisted of "a large and well-ventilated auditorium, eight commodious cottages and a large dining room." Revival meetings would be held at this location for nearly half a century.</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8q6SlVo6srBVUeGvOLWzxDdbnmZGdUEY3cIj0y5ZdsVplcYyKAicg4IKIRUAE4T-fQrSp216CVJpVONBU81qTiQZ5WSAtlfkDAGbCf_MF0YJzE6x_wNSbsm6u67lsEbkVDzhJbBX-U8c6/s834/James+William+Heckman.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="834" data-original-width="528" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8q6SlVo6srBVUeGvOLWzxDdbnmZGdUEY3cIj0y5ZdsVplcYyKAicg4IKIRUAE4T-fQrSp216CVJpVONBU81qTiQZ5WSAtlfkDAGbCf_MF0YJzE6x_wNSbsm6u67lsEbkVDzhJbBX-U8c6/s320/James+William+Heckman.jpeg" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> Reverend Thomas was elected as the first president of the Association, and he played a key role in its success in the years to come. The captioned photograph below, taken in August 1907, is the earliest known picture of the SHA camp. Among those shown here are Reverend Thomas (18), Cora Lewis Parker, who would become Thomas's second wife (21), Thomas's daughter Abbie (34), Reverend Heckman (48), and Thomas's son, Thomas Maxwell (50).</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggR71rkZYI-aQekmTegX0Jh3ehsdgHuhy6kutsntj3QBAIOKxEfCwwFAvOAnfgXRMP9-E1KvedQTCwjARFIj6O4FraSl-msEkG_Ae87ZKUX98ZGuXaNVUj27BYSjfkIR1_ZTuULKHndONM/s1280/Spotsylvania+Holiness+Association.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1001" data-original-width="1280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggR71rkZYI-aQekmTegX0Jh3ehsdgHuhy6kutsntj3QBAIOKxEfCwwFAvOAnfgXRMP9-E1KvedQTCwjARFIj6O4FraSl-msEkG_Ae87ZKUX98ZGuXaNVUj27BYSjfkIR1_ZTuULKHndONM/s320/Spotsylvania+Holiness+Association.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> In addition to this image, there are three other known photographs of gatherings at the Holiness camp site which were shared with me by Barbara Faulconer. I have been told that the captions for the first two were prepared by Thomas's youngest child, the late Amy Thomas King.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAYB8oAcwzYAiPX6VpgZBiNLAGpq9GqjF4flbfAZBTdUrT04ZHaZS0V2ZKJqJ28lLKyu87B4JREZf4ojxCBV2HbMcUJnEejEEJh7YUQE-Atd6K7iwPzmLra3knKvZqtp9FnHnTPTtGinzx/s1280/Camp+meeting+2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1265" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAYB8oAcwzYAiPX6VpgZBiNLAGpq9GqjF4flbfAZBTdUrT04ZHaZS0V2ZKJqJ28lLKyu87B4JREZf4ojxCBV2HbMcUJnEejEEJh7YUQE-Atd6K7iwPzmLra3knKvZqtp9FnHnTPTtGinzx/s320/Camp+meeting+2.jpeg" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTt2fP_FrlVCfNRopCU_vvSKqZmG9MCdaDohzRmSVdzKRG0f2JtZ_3uspySfm9S5dXJbcbMePQ_3CH2jb94NLTNTH3R6FxoQDlLOH7eATeaDJbO2YQV8ytxbBNav7r0yEXzodk5vRE06s0/s1280/Camp+meeting+3.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1161" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTt2fP_FrlVCfNRopCU_vvSKqZmG9MCdaDohzRmSVdzKRG0f2JtZ_3uspySfm9S5dXJbcbMePQ_3CH2jb94NLTNTH3R6FxoQDlLOH7eATeaDJbO2YQV8ytxbBNav7r0yEXzodk5vRE06s0/s320/Camp+meeting+3.jpeg" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-PTtPbj_x6ucRvxDyjVG46nDyfyjsrag7oq4y5tiAQ39kKKi2qmhdNMF4rHd4GPGBT3M-Y9MYv8AM7GnytU07o84zZNa1ZhA7kbiYgUI2grQq19ZDnlJJ3kI8d4N_yUanU-e-oNzbISq9/s1280/Camp+meeting+5.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1035" data-original-width="1280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-PTtPbj_x6ucRvxDyjVG46nDyfyjsrag7oq4y5tiAQ39kKKi2qmhdNMF4rHd4GPGBT3M-Y9MYv8AM7GnytU07o84zZNa1ZhA7kbiYgUI2grQq19ZDnlJJ3kI8d4N_yUanU-e-oNzbISq9/s320/Camp+meeting+5.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p> In the last photograph, Reverend Thomas can be seen standing at right with his arms folded across his chest:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQhnYvjHAO66WxjBN4XBr_FmMrKTR2390c88V5LI116T3zV7VSdQ7yHkhYWgfLEWLI0VJuqpZ-dGPUZ79hK5DwhMdg3ARisjGyvTXt9JQ52_A1KscyKsG-GgNHwhJFE0KoymdXYscKKl5n/s1290/TET+enlargement.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1290" data-original-width="612" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQhnYvjHAO66WxjBN4XBr_FmMrKTR2390c88V5LI116T3zV7VSdQ7yHkhYWgfLEWLI0VJuqpZ-dGPUZ79hK5DwhMdg3ARisjGyvTXt9JQ52_A1KscyKsG-GgNHwhJFE0KoymdXYscKKl5n/s320/TET+enlargement.png" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> As if his activities in the religious and political realms were not enough to occupy his time, Thomas found other constructive outlets for his boundless energy. He had to make a living, of course, and he did this by farming his own land as well as a 243-acre farm he bought near Screamersville called the Appler Tract. He also owned a sawmill operation near the Jackson monument (he generously provided Thanksgiving dinner to his mill employees in 1909, a kindness noted by <i>The Free Lance</i>). For a time he served as school trustee and was postmaster at the general store at Screamersville 1908-1910. The store and post office also served as a stop on the Potomac, Fredericksburg and Piedmont Railroad. Below is a rare photograph of the store taken in the early 1900s (Photo credit: Vickie Neely).</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjognR8uSYfzOLFvwLYFsVyqm2HVbB5XHuhEHXcuV2hNtfU1giCsCqHzxv25BDCr3S_Wy-A656Jrq8HImgfZWttA9WD6pAfluIEUEwq1H1CBOa0vAJZIJ2QCG75tE0y-g7L_qBsMqI0Xk8d/s1600/Screamersville+copy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1385" data-original-width="1600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjognR8uSYfzOLFvwLYFsVyqm2HVbB5XHuhEHXcuV2hNtfU1giCsCqHzxv25BDCr3S_Wy-A656Jrq8HImgfZWttA9WD6pAfluIEUEwq1H1CBOa0vAJZIJ2QCG75tE0y-g7L_qBsMqI0Xk8d/s320/Screamersville+copy.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> The house that Thomas had built on Route 3 had to grow as his family grew. These undated photographs show two elevations of his house (pictures courtesy of Carolyn Carmichael):</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHZQeWBTf_1nDqhETyp0EKeShIipO0t1zlAObHsKKApEphFffy4se1bf84_Z3UpFyJR-OfQfHwKxbEhiQngdYzCoh0Fhkj0uh4WGbHbk6Mh4IZYGLeG9WXj7W5j2gTy7OjUx1thCpW7fbv/s1224/IMG_0289.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="709" data-original-width="1224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHZQeWBTf_1nDqhETyp0EKeShIipO0t1zlAObHsKKApEphFffy4se1bf84_Z3UpFyJR-OfQfHwKxbEhiQngdYzCoh0Fhkj0uh4WGbHbk6Mh4IZYGLeG9WXj7W5j2gTy7OjUx1thCpW7fbv/s320/IMG_0289.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdofe4jT21PXDyrBNLl3QIKCXEIRPCX6geu32WgAMjgwJ4-NAHDXxZcWLXCR3NcMheRQ91u0zd6heTdIQ88jePyaNamqClASAwyonGA7ctQF2THCpSkvprQ4wKEdwNk4dK5ZhOCuyUCYTT/s1055/IMG_0288.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="782" data-original-width="1055" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdofe4jT21PXDyrBNLl3QIKCXEIRPCX6geu32WgAMjgwJ4-NAHDXxZcWLXCR3NcMheRQ91u0zd6heTdIQ88jePyaNamqClASAwyonGA7ctQF2THCpSkvprQ4wKEdwNk4dK5ZhOCuyUCYTT/s320/IMG_0288.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Thomas's farm and residence were among the most modern of their era by Spotsylvania's standards. He used a hydraulic ram to pump water up two hills from a stream to his house. He had a carbide lighting system for his house and he also made use of a Delco Light Plant to furnish electric lights for the farm. It is said that his farm was the first to have electric lights before electricity in Spotsylvania was available by transmission lines. Shown below is a representation of the Delco Light Plant:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV6SXra-bUEyyohr2iz7ag2xST14e9e95S0u7Ga4NoyplfoCU13QxXwl3okPE3vaUL7iBpSw9gjhEybffGSv2GJ2Arbyc4-fuavVkBRPLfY27XYzDBm2o7hHcOAZ9NXqZkXl08QGJj77Yn/s1270/Delco+light+plant.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="892" data-original-width="1270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV6SXra-bUEyyohr2iz7ag2xST14e9e95S0u7Ga4NoyplfoCU13QxXwl3okPE3vaUL7iBpSw9gjhEybffGSv2GJ2Arbyc4-fuavVkBRPLfY27XYzDBm2o7hHcOAZ9NXqZkXl08QGJj77Yn/s320/Delco+light+plant.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> The Thomas farm included a milk barn with a concrete vat in which the milk cans were immersed in cold water until they could be transported. There was a silo, a cow barn, woodshed, brooder house, a granary, machinery shed, corn house and a barn for the horses and mules that included a hayloft.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> All of Thomas's thirteen children who lived to be of school age received a good education. In 1911, it was reported that three of his children were attending the Hanover School in Fredericksburg. When <a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2015/06/chancellor-high-school-1912-1940.html" target="_blank">Chancellor High School</a> was built in 1912, the Thomas children became students there. This photograph taken about 1920 shows three of his sons standing in front of the school: Thomas Maxwell (16), Adlowe (20), and Rhys (23):</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUphJt-OE-fEIIX0PFxYtXv8o7CspbkQPmJ7yJP3HWcRIJpzXzsXCf6VocRt_TNBse60QuvM49cjQG0sxEwOvGJPkv2xyMX9dq99HH5OrZ-VlOCDf05X3BkKGSpGW_9QX0Ji_b_WwX5lv-/s1280/Chancellor+high+school+1920+%25281%2529.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="995" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUphJt-OE-fEIIX0PFxYtXv8o7CspbkQPmJ7yJP3HWcRIJpzXzsXCf6VocRt_TNBse60QuvM49cjQG0sxEwOvGJPkv2xyMX9dq99HH5OrZ-VlOCDf05X3BkKGSpGW_9QX0Ji_b_WwX5lv-/s320/Chancellor+high+school+1920+%25281%2529.jpeg" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Thomas was dealt two crushing blows in March 1911. Ida died suddenly at home on March 11. Eight days later, their four-year-old son Edward died of pneumonia after a bout with whooping cough. Mother and son are both buried at Salem Baptist Church. The sad news of their passing was noted in <i>The Daily Star</i>:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgioebtEHm4uQVlvKqIxlH_oTr23vvPi3JbttVsfaIEpb9NANgMjFI63EmM4aS8LDgNf8T3gRRdhYrWkVOAbImGkasWFGsoylymLAcIA2jWUnezOGA4COmigShjQmVa_G-kIsIZwl5O0xZd/s634/Daily+Star+15+March+1911.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="504" data-original-width="634" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgioebtEHm4uQVlvKqIxlH_oTr23vvPi3JbttVsfaIEpb9NANgMjFI63EmM4aS8LDgNf8T3gRRdhYrWkVOAbImGkasWFGsoylymLAcIA2jWUnezOGA4COmigShjQmVa_G-kIsIZwl5O0xZd/s320/Daily+Star+15+March+1911.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXEXAkCksSjC7gMZloZDOEr-XRuHoyu95t39V9yvVcb1eXntRbdG6onRLGitwKl3ANj2N9N7K8fIATs-_PbdQGYcH86NatE-R3eboFb66O4LbhGJoRk8fVvE02dO8hL6yJ6wD2eLKwbXTg/s616/Daily+Star+20+March+1911.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="616" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXEXAkCksSjC7gMZloZDOEr-XRuHoyu95t39V9yvVcb1eXntRbdG6onRLGitwKl3ANj2N9N7K8fIATs-_PbdQGYcH86NatE-R3eboFb66O4LbhGJoRk8fVvE02dO8hL6yJ6wD2eLKwbXTg/s320/Daily+Star+20+March+1911.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Cora Lewis Parker was born in Spotsylvania County on April 28, 1885. By 1910 she was living with the family of her sister Charlotte in Staunton. Charlotte's husband, Clifton, was a teacher at the Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind. Cora also taught there. She gave up her career when she married Thomas Evan Thomas on October 14, 1913. The wedding took place in Washington, DC and was officiated by Reverend Henry B. Hosley, pastor of the Wesleyan Pentecostal Church on D Street. Hosley was closely identified with the Holiness movement and frequently preached at the Spotsylvania Holiness Association (Reverend Hosley also married my grandparents in 1917). Shown below is a likeness of Hosley from one of the Washington newspapers.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoLkGPHQSVvaunfCDsuLN70iXPeY3AFRAHTW1m6vfo89QKIVlBFZsBsOWZCzpyBn-fEL1yUSXNVi-TMWv9KGJrlcY9KKu5FGuip1mh47s3qz-kVcaHwUZaATnF1-tSJqJJcH-ddMIfCuIx/s1002/Reverend+H.B.+Hosley.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1002" data-original-width="582" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoLkGPHQSVvaunfCDsuLN70iXPeY3AFRAHTW1m6vfo89QKIVlBFZsBsOWZCzpyBn-fEL1yUSXNVi-TMWv9KGJrlcY9KKu5FGuip1mh47s3qz-kVcaHwUZaATnF1-tSJqJJcH-ddMIfCuIx/s320/Reverend+H.B.+Hosley.png" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Advocating for the rights of farmers was also part of Thomas's portfolio. In 1890, he was elected as an officer in the Spotsylvania chapter of the Farmers Alliance. He later was active in the Virginia Agricultural Council of Safety and the Virginia Farmers' Educational and Co-Operative Union.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> During World War I, Thomas was the Fredericksburg chairman of the YMCA's effort to maintain the organization's huts at all the army training camps in Virginia. During the war, the YMCA was the principal provider of services to men in uniform to sustain their morale and to promote their spiritual and physical well-being.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> During the 1920s, Thomas was elected to two terms on the Spotsylvania Board of Supervisors. He was named chairman of this board in 1926. In late 1928, Thomas fell ill and when it appeared that he was not improving, he sought treatment at Sibley Hospital in Washington, DC. It was presumed that he was suffering from cancer of the stomach, and an exploratory surgery was performed on October 26, which revealed that his illness was too advanced to be successfully treated. He died at the hospital on November 5, 1928 at 11:00 p.m. with Cora at his side. His body was brought back to Spotsylvania. His funeral was held at Tabernacle Methodist Church and he was buried in Oak Hill Cemetery.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVKJstuNkh_GGXr5WN279cjhwwkiMNDtg5RuBe3ojK_Fd4aPA_rcsAy9xfnKjIt8hJUiJqbem5KPA7NjKi1x3vXixjgrZe-YnPclsjskXrd7vVHWeBoNk7105bpFf_7ZeNfL2Lk-GAR0Li/s2048/Thomas+1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1535" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVKJstuNkh_GGXr5WN279cjhwwkiMNDtg5RuBe3ojK_Fd4aPA_rcsAy9xfnKjIt8hJUiJqbem5KPA7NjKi1x3vXixjgrZe-YnPclsjskXrd7vVHWeBoNk7105bpFf_7ZeNfL2Lk-GAR0Li/s320/Thomas+1.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdQmrEgtcoEyCS6nGrvKgeTWAhH2ZRIOVWHMf2v_B-i_GdH3ppuJrv4C__kM3QxlP2B2yhO1Eeb_D3ygfeJcFDdce_0wotOyZ6bIF3cCfeiKbCd5id5UTbsXS9z6RFHL1S1XWKvlh9mBoV/s2048/Thomas+2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1149" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdQmrEgtcoEyCS6nGrvKgeTWAhH2ZRIOVWHMf2v_B-i_GdH3ppuJrv4C__kM3QxlP2B2yhO1Eeb_D3ygfeJcFDdce_0wotOyZ6bIF3cCfeiKbCd5id5UTbsXS9z6RFHL1S1XWKvlh9mBoV/s320/Thomas+2.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"> Cora Thomas outlived her husband by 48 years. She remained on the farm and taught in the public schools. She was also a long-time Sunday school teacher at Tabernacle. In 1940, she boarded several lodgers at her house, including Gay Broaddus, who was the last principal at the R.E. Lee School at Spotsylvania Court House (the school burned in December 1941). Cora died at the Riverside Nursing Home in Fredericksburg on July 10, 1976. She is buried near Thomas at Oak Hill Cemetery.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxSv7Po5guAmn1N3InfbMUpKNW9T2B4_wo4g-gJ0ONKyvrCp68L-QDyq7DMBKbYnLdqMpPw14M_WHapy8Dhf_WJStp8MLZBs7BEU3eayICiURyq69fJAGulZAlrPLQRX8EpFKJmzFhoySr/s1280/FLS+12+Nov+1976.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="467" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxSv7Po5guAmn1N3InfbMUpKNW9T2B4_wo4g-gJ0ONKyvrCp68L-QDyq7DMBKbYnLdqMpPw14M_WHapy8Dhf_WJStp8MLZBs7BEU3eayICiURyq69fJAGulZAlrPLQRX8EpFKJmzFhoySr/s320/FLS+12+Nov+1976.jpeg" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">My thanks to Carolyn Carmichael, a granddaughter of Thomas Evan Thomas, for her help in writing this article. <br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> <br /></p>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-41287018522936106572021-01-01T11:59:00.002-05:002021-09-08T10:24:36.362-04:00John J. Wright<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiZolUUbJVhDvJAsmNtOUgST5PXbOk_W-PQY0_em5keRCuyv6Ex1jjuPgbjBOMGPhGbaDLl5Z52pUsDcx4DI6hBaYaLUkQgdivt40Pyi15V7MaaEXh8fxSGJSVEo2VHUnJ8VW41Bca3tyQ/s1280/JohnWright.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="843" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiZolUUbJVhDvJAsmNtOUgST5PXbOk_W-PQY0_em5keRCuyv6Ex1jjuPgbjBOMGPhGbaDLl5Z52pUsDcx4DI6hBaYaLUkQgdivt40Pyi15V7MaaEXh8fxSGJSVEo2VHUnJ8VW41Bca3tyQ/s320/JohnWright.jpeg" /></a></div> John J. Wright<br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> On November 18, 1863, John Julius Wright was born into slavery in Spotsylvania County at "the Blanton farm" near Massaponax. His mother was Louisa Alsop; his father's name is unknown. His step-father was Woodson Wright. As a free person after emancipation, John attended a nearby one-room school for black children on what is now Route 1. As a young student, John demonstrated intellectual promise and an aptitude for learning.</p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5Pr7ILmqUhRXh2PjM7KL__EB8KB_5EjHj9PaVVBP940_R74mQoe5o5RkGMz5NanyupsuP2sRoqodSyiC1pBedAxBgvSckode13I7Pe3i2fbvmdPsBOlG9QZBAhMCyj91HwQvw8kVyaMSm/s2000/Va+Norm+%2526+Ind+Inst+main+bldg+%2526+prez+house.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1316" data-original-width="2000" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5Pr7ILmqUhRXh2PjM7KL__EB8KB_5EjHj9PaVVBP940_R74mQoe5o5RkGMz5NanyupsuP2sRoqodSyiC1pBedAxBgvSckode13I7Pe3i2fbvmdPsBOlG9QZBAhMCyj91HwQvw8kVyaMSm/s320/Va+Norm+%2526+Ind+Inst+main+bldg+%2526+prez+house.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><p> Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute (Library of Virginia)</p><p> <br /></p><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> John attended the Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute near Petersburg, where he graduated with honors in 1894. The Institute was established by the state legislature in 1882 to educate black scholars who wished to pursue a career in teaching. Over the years, the school's name changed as its mission evolved. In 1902 it became the Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute. In 1946 it was renamed Virginia State College. And in 1979 it became Virginia State University. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> His education now complete, John returned to Spotsylvania County where he became a teacher at the one-room school where he had once been a pupil.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> On February 12, 1896, John married Jennie Garnett, who had also attended the Institute. Like her husband, Jennie also had taught school in Spotsylvania. She died shortly after the birth of their daughter Jeanette in November 1898. Jeanette followed in her parents' footsteps as an educator after completing her Ph.D. at the University of Chicago. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> John next married Cora Jackson at Beulah Baptist Church on April 16, 1902. Cora had been a teacher in the Reedy School District of Caroline County. After marrying John, she assisted him in promoting black education in Spotsylvania County. They had one son, Jesse, who was born in 1903. John and Cora also adopted a boy named Randolph Thurston. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> John J. Wright believed that the path to success for the black race required the ownership of land and a quality education. During the Jim Crow era, white-led school boards paid scant attention to the educational needs of black children. To help remedy that state of affairs, John organized a meeting of representatives of Spotsylvania's historically black churches. This meeting was held at St. Luke's Baptist Church on July 5, 1905, and the Spotsylvania Sunday School Union was established. One of the decisions made that day was to begin a fund raising effort to build a proper school for black students. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> After several years of raising money for the new school, the SSSU had enough resources to buy a 158-acre tract in Snell for $3 per acre. A deed dated January 3, 1910 conveyed the property to John J. Wright and two other trustees of the SSSU. From 1910-1912, plans were made for the new building which were then approved by the County Board of Education. Master carpenter and contractor Alfred "Allie" Fairchild was chosen to construct the school, which was called the Snell Training School (it was also called the Spotsylvania Industrial School).</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP1n9d25VKtQNgvnOjfuW26wPcXAORAEeZhVv-ChoSB0nQlfl2UBVdqJAsdbJkbJMQktWI839LEoN-qU97cRuYkFv08MBr2hTy8EcMF5MOqX0tWkPxLuznJyiBAQ5SkWTQcK7Y2r-RB9Px/s1280/Alfred+Fairchild.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="798" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP1n9d25VKtQNgvnOjfuW26wPcXAORAEeZhVv-ChoSB0nQlfl2UBVdqJAsdbJkbJMQktWI839LEoN-qU97cRuYkFv08MBr2hTy8EcMF5MOqX0tWkPxLuznJyiBAQ5SkWTQcK7Y2r-RB9Px/s320/Alfred+Fairchild.jpeg" /></a></div><p> Alfred Fairchild</p><p> In the fall of 1913, the first classroom was completed and classes began for 47 black students in grades 1-7. The first teacher at the school was Sadie Coates Combs, who had been a student of John J. Wright and had earned her degree at the Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute at the age of 19.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqa499bW6wGZXnUZIBjw0qU1_QZpLOipgszI3WFv23RrfsuYkWvy_-W1eyTuMqlVe5dr8dJ79ircryAPA3sw0agFhG0TinT1vFdMByIxVEQpejVGsl656S6h9oh2y4D9C-J31nzBFHXBke/s566/SadyeCombsJohnson-e1436212042389.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="566" data-original-width="495" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqa499bW6wGZXnUZIBjw0qU1_QZpLOipgszI3WFv23RrfsuYkWvy_-W1eyTuMqlVe5dr8dJ79ircryAPA3sw0agFhG0TinT1vFdMByIxVEQpejVGsl656S6h9oh2y4D9C-J31nzBFHXBke/s320/SadyeCombsJohnson-e1436212042389.jpeg" /></a></div><p> Sadie Coates Combs</p><p> Work continued on the new school, which was completed in 1922 at a cost of $7,500. John J. Wright served as the school's first principal. The building consisted of four classrooms, twelve bedrooms and four rooms in the basement dedicated to feeding the students. Although this school was created to serve black students from throughout Spotsylvania County, no provision was made to provide bus transportation on that scale. If black students could make it to Spotsylvania Court House, the county would then bus them the three miles to the school. For that reason, the Snell Training School was, in part, a boarding school.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3L1ng7cA6276JOtVOQH-DqIRvTarAb0Iq6zlAHr8_r9YCB3atv8iPK2SmHmsTsdO3WMtu9v25QxEGTukc7gFzAuNBd3aiwzF-60pM-yet58HAIhb8inRFdYw8rneukBVqE6NZOZ-znua1/s498/Screen+Shot+2019-08-02+at+12.07.34+PM.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="282" data-original-width="498" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3L1ng7cA6276JOtVOQH-DqIRvTarAb0Iq6zlAHr8_r9YCB3atv8iPK2SmHmsTsdO3WMtu9v25QxEGTukc7gFzAuNBd3aiwzF-60pM-yet58HAIhb8inRFdYw8rneukBVqE6NZOZ-znua1/s320/Screen+Shot+2019-08-02+at+12.07.34+PM.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p> Snell Training School</p><p> In 1927, the SSSU paid off the remaining indebtedness of the school, and a cornerstone was laid during a well-attended ceremony on October 2. The cornerstone was laid by the Prospect Lodge of Lewiston, assisted by the Prince Hall Lodge of Fredericksburg. In that same year, the building and four acres were leased for 20 years to the County Board of Education.</p><p> By 1930, there were 135 students attending the Snell Training School, with a faculty of four teachers. During the early 1930s two years of high school instruction were added and two more rooms were added to the building, as well as some other improvements. A library was added in 1934, and that same year the school was accredited by the State Department of Education.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis4DiX1dHIWVrc3EMIltK9NsBmKTBqij3SlWMvnG1k5sQ2ve5BRfAmXj712pTS4rpi6Q1LZdH1sPk08Hn0kThmQYk_LtztqQlvxbteQG9qiohDWaoY9VFbD4c8r3tLZhoRcqSQWKQDH-lx/s628/Screen+Shot+2020-12-28+at+5.01.48+PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="450" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis4DiX1dHIWVrc3EMIltK9NsBmKTBqij3SlWMvnG1k5sQ2ve5BRfAmXj712pTS4rpi6Q1LZdH1sPk08Hn0kThmQYk_LtztqQlvxbteQG9qiohDWaoY9VFbD4c8r3tLZhoRcqSQWKQDH-lx/s320/Screen+Shot+2020-12-28+at+5.01.48+PM.png" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"> John J. Wright</div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> John J. Wright died of apoplexy while at home on January 2, 1931. He is buried at Beulah Baptist Church. At some time after his death the Training School was renamed John J. Wright School</div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlj9U00YBF9hBFjbJIxHXTFeEa8_kQyqkGkN10QjtyXndTIUXLSN2uLDiv_1f8m2-KeenqdDtYI12yZid8hAHZ2zIYjv0ZVVDqz2sNLqV3Xivl-ihW_-pFLVylyVPXN0RczKwUFDxDUi1k/s1028/FLS+3+Jan+1931.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1028" data-original-width="430" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlj9U00YBF9hBFjbJIxHXTFeEa8_kQyqkGkN10QjtyXndTIUXLSN2uLDiv_1f8m2-KeenqdDtYI12yZid8hAHZ2zIYjv0ZVVDqz2sNLqV3Xivl-ihW_-pFLVylyVPXN0RczKwUFDxDUi1k/s320/FLS+3+Jan+1931.png" /></a></div> <i>Free Lance Star</i> 3 January 1931</div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqf_kYTDAhnLJr7B_UuYQwmxdsdLX_eCMn7buQFu2krs_gmKGYaz1NasVpoJIWN6NMZg5jdgyAiKA6VOCieq7yBu3YwnwuvEtoFR_EC8fXTfDjOYHCP1jSANQcfa46g3wY35Hly4Fr2fCg/s1161/John+J.+Wright+Beulah+.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="651" data-original-width="1161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqf_kYTDAhnLJr7B_UuYQwmxdsdLX_eCMn7buQFu2krs_gmKGYaz1NasVpoJIWN6NMZg5jdgyAiKA6VOCieq7yBu3YwnwuvEtoFR_EC8fXTfDjOYHCP1jSANQcfa46g3wY35Hly4Fr2fCg/s320/John+J.+Wright+Beulah+.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> </div><p></p><p> Shortly after 9 p.m. on February 3, 1941, John J. Wright School caught fire. The conflagration apparently was started by an overheated stove in one of the students' bedrooms.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihG2pAGUU2DS1Rgt9iJbEjVE7aVxZ6Coyz50XodRsGUVvGnbOSfoi-TdP7C2cx9WUiC8pdNb7vBVRT0Ppbm1qIQczvxhpPG91xFVBoZ2XuPhtzcE8dqHXAl6cqVdwqMzitEwMOu_UTTUWS/s1462/FLS+4+Feb+1941.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1462" data-original-width="936" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihG2pAGUU2DS1Rgt9iJbEjVE7aVxZ6Coyz50XodRsGUVvGnbOSfoi-TdP7C2cx9WUiC8pdNb7vBVRT0Ppbm1qIQczvxhpPG91xFVBoZ2XuPhtzcE8dqHXAl6cqVdwqMzitEwMOu_UTTUWS/s320/FLS+4+Feb+1941.png" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZF6RXfdzwW_cPhCmA6wFtDhh3xLcgaIwqQL_D1cSKHWhX6C69KIrj_myZsZPvqhdNymdoNupVsoBrpYS1nf802PCmcqsmDFpFQklJXoooOiKUo6_Nu3jcjwCetBHl68ZxMeZ8puXLJNQ0/s680/4+Feb+1941.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="436" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZF6RXfdzwW_cPhCmA6wFtDhh3xLcgaIwqQL_D1cSKHWhX6C69KIrj_myZsZPvqhdNymdoNupVsoBrpYS1nf802PCmcqsmDFpFQklJXoooOiKUo6_Nu3jcjwCetBHl68ZxMeZ8puXLJNQ0/s320/4+Feb+1941.png" /></a></div><p> <i>Free Lance-Star </i>4 February 1941</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYXm_uJO4NpdQxUrk3Qk2coiAwmwyPnhCmATxU0dT81uT5IMOUXPnGg2qx_MUzdq8HKf6oTTtMz9yR5-y6TUv7ezlsfPy3Y5pa3q7EK6_YuxVBH2nBXbVk5haPhvquQjl0xFQee5kKGbMT/s1196/FLS+5+Feb+1941.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="374" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYXm_uJO4NpdQxUrk3Qk2coiAwmwyPnhCmATxU0dT81uT5IMOUXPnGg2qx_MUzdq8HKf6oTTtMz9yR5-y6TUv7ezlsfPy3Y5pa3q7EK6_YuxVBH2nBXbVk5haPhvquQjl0xFQee5kKGbMT/s320/FLS+5+Feb+1941.png" /></a></div> <i>Free Lance-Star </i>5 February 1941<br /><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoDHO5yzXXlM-hqduwU8H8AmdVDS4UCI39VfvUsOH4e8rqmd6jF_swcx8EScRnpUHeXSFPb4TRFLV9HjAgMS23EbCIHXhULobv70HACpDm7ZaFBxFQC01LmUjT5Fh_4Cmjh92GWUdhSL41/s888/FLS+6+Feb+1941.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="888" data-original-width="384" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoDHO5yzXXlM-hqduwU8H8AmdVDS4UCI39VfvUsOH4e8rqmd6jF_swcx8EScRnpUHeXSFPb4TRFLV9HjAgMS23EbCIHXhULobv70HACpDm7ZaFBxFQC01LmUjT5Fh_4Cmjh92GWUdhSL41/s320/FLS+6+Feb+1941.png" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJsW8enXRhR6oWO6WFlCItoHayPB6_qIBkq17EJMadO2qxMRT46hQwm4xZ38u2LcBq66gBd5m-F817nssgKxBjoJ49ndcVyngwmoKMEY5FZ5Zx2moB6IrGPpBcl9Glk-kgFirfms235WzG/s676/6+Feb+1941.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="676" data-original-width="384" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJsW8enXRhR6oWO6WFlCItoHayPB6_qIBkq17EJMadO2qxMRT46hQwm4xZ38u2LcBq66gBd5m-F817nssgKxBjoJ49ndcVyngwmoKMEY5FZ5Zx2moB6IrGPpBcl9Glk-kgFirfms235WzG/s320/6+Feb+1941.png" /></a></div><p> <i>Free Lance-Star </i>6 February 1941</p><p> In the immediate aftermath of the school's destruction, the decision was made to modify the surviving building that had served as an auditorium into classrooms. Over time, other temporary buildings, referred to as "tar paper shacks," were built to accommodate the students. The Spotsylvania County School Board agreed to build a new school and pay the teachers' salaries, In return, the SSSU donated to the county 20 acres of the original school site and turned over the $20,000 insurance settlement.</p><p> A number of obstacles arose in starting construction of the new school in a timely fashion. Not the least of these was the reality of World War II, which made large projects requiring manpower and materials difficult. Delays were also caused by the insurance settlement, the lengthy negotiation on the size of the new school, the contract bidding and so on. Ultimately, the Literary Fund of Virginia--a state-sponsored program that made available low-interest loans for school construction--provided most of the funds.<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrCH3b8lZyy7H7y-S3lGOZjVAgFHcxcOLbmPeEiH9QyY4Sa7nLi5MLo6V7f3bgmUnU9durymrFmdD1UFl6AIMvYMM0_a7GpC5GK_b1BAT09tTu9JU5zmUq3pD8vUpMQGxZGUDCcMI6wY9m/s1446/FLS+16+Oct+1950.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1446" data-original-width="306" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrCH3b8lZyy7H7y-S3lGOZjVAgFHcxcOLbmPeEiH9QyY4Sa7nLi5MLo6V7f3bgmUnU9durymrFmdD1UFl6AIMvYMM0_a7GpC5GK_b1BAT09tTu9JU5zmUq3pD8vUpMQGxZGUDCcMI6wY9m/s320/FLS+16+Oct+1950.png" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdsUY8MNXvnOoI3d83AzIOFfSOaV7BIf1byuiAcVVON8o5MKXbBV9zT9Y6C0Q2_ac9HE3LWPOMYHVEZg2BoG2EMdjFONNF9MR1bxBhbEmTEQaJ4gqGHqztUP-w1ROs20rCCnYjOnJk2_tb/s1418/16+Oct+1950.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1418" data-original-width="408" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdsUY8MNXvnOoI3d83AzIOFfSOaV7BIf1byuiAcVVON8o5MKXbBV9zT9Y6C0Q2_ac9HE3LWPOMYHVEZg2BoG2EMdjFONNF9MR1bxBhbEmTEQaJ4gqGHqztUP-w1ROs20rCCnYjOnJk2_tb/s320/16+Oct+1950.png" /></a></div><p> <i>Free Lance-Star </i>16 October 1950 </p><p> The groundbreaking ceremony for the construction of the new John J. Wright Consolidated School took place on October 16, 1950. The school opened its doors to black students in grades 1-12 in 1952. In April of the following year, the school was officially dedicated</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOvj7elP7Ozo4Z9DJ4pTIKKvO6m6nWa1uEj8RgKdvqPUY0Uoe2xqdxvkEWBP3RsVN2fLEwNcLKuYpt9vJUeVYQnESq3B7lRwT1CXwuxvSdbeu-g12YGW7hqoJE8tOcunrvZCWJEiZ7VB0V/s1258/FLS+27+Apr+1953.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1258" data-original-width="392" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOvj7elP7Ozo4Z9DJ4pTIKKvO6m6nWa1uEj8RgKdvqPUY0Uoe2xqdxvkEWBP3RsVN2fLEwNcLKuYpt9vJUeVYQnESq3B7lRwT1CXwuxvSdbeu-g12YGW7hqoJE8tOcunrvZCWJEiZ7VB0V/s320/FLS+27+Apr+1953.png" /></a></div><br /> <i>Free Lance-Star </i>27 April 1953 <br /><p></p><p> Desegregation of Spotsylvania's public schools began in 1963, when 7 girls ages 9-15 from John J. Wright Consolidated School began attending classes at previously all-white schools. The county's public schools were completely integrated in 1968. At that time, John J. Wright became an intermediate school, serving black and white students in grades 6 and 7. When the 8th grade was added in 1978, the school was renamed John J. Wright Middle School, which remained in operation until 2006. Today the building serves as the John J. Wright Education and Cultural Center. <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: left;">The primary sources for this article are:</div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://cas.umw.edu/hisp/files/2020/05/%E2%80%9CFor-the-People-Had-a-Mind-to-Work%E2%80%9D-A-Century-of-African-American-Education-in-Spotsylvania-County.pdf" target="_blank">"For the People Had a Mind to Work"</a> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://scholarworks.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1382&context=etd" target="_blank">The Development of Education in Spotsylvania County 1721-1944</a> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.spotsylvaniasundayschoolunion.com/h" target="_blank">Spotsylvania Sunday School Union</a> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.spotsylvania.k12.va.us/domain/423" target="_blank">John J. Wright History</a> </div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> <br /></div><div><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> </p><p style="text-align: left;"> </p><p style="text-align: left;"> </p><p style="text-align: left;"> </p><p style="text-align: left;"> <br /></p></div>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-50122664009119968372020-08-19T10:57:00.002-04:002021-11-18T20:04:11.814-05:00William Aquilla Harris<p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuTTO2CgsdA_PiMmasBm7OuL9lVSACzpLdszc3YvhRE6_Yckqtv5Ua91Af7NCb5jfnLKiCeYmVCTETlMsBAeL-HpeUEFv5cXbgRtBuOZ7JSwMW5m3Jc4ZyNdziS4NL7CacKOQf0qSeUWPn/s1280/Dr.+W.A.+Harris.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="815" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuTTO2CgsdA_PiMmasBm7OuL9lVSACzpLdszc3YvhRE6_Yckqtv5Ua91Af7NCb5jfnLKiCeYmVCTETlMsBAeL-HpeUEFv5cXbgRtBuOZ7JSwMW5m3Jc4ZyNdziS4NL7CacKOQf0qSeUWPn/s640/Dr.+W.A.+Harris.jpeg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">William Aquilla Harris (Courtesy of Rich Morrison)<br /></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p style="text-align: left;"> He came from a distinguished family that arrived in Spotsylvania in the early 1840s, and during his long and useful life, William Aquilla Harris made a significant mark in the community in the form of public service. He is best remembered as an excellent physician, and was my family's doctor for decades.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> William was born in Spotsylvania County on December 28, 1877 to Thomas Addison Harris and the former Mary Elizabeth Poole. At the time of William's birth, Thomas was overseer of the poor for Spotsylvania. The county poor house was located off Gordon Road near Old Plank Road. I believe the overseer's house was located on the poor house property. Thomas would later serve as county sheriff for twenty years, and then served the last nine years of his life as clerk of the Spotsylvania court.</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOc8ROYauwz58Z2bh16rdp-fODbgjjCi0rTxcpBNMMc9sN-DLi7iOfGIWUxey5vAPZF9RZqKp85oToOCErOluaK5C6qGRNPUvEtDjRysCRTYrlOHPoLpWymCm-9q1Zt2JsQqJ0fsL7O8sT/s1220/House+opposite+CH+%2528VMHC%2529.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1002" data-original-width="1220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOc8ROYauwz58Z2bh16rdp-fODbgjjCi0rTxcpBNMMc9sN-DLi7iOfGIWUxey5vAPZF9RZqKp85oToOCErOluaK5C6qGRNPUvEtDjRysCRTYrlOHPoLpWymCm-9q1Zt2JsQqJ0fsL7O8sT/s640/House+opposite+CH+%2528VMHC%2529.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">House on Court House Road opposite the court house (Confederate Memorial Literary Society) <br /></div><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> Four years after William's birth, Thomas bought a 260 acre farm that lay along a stretch of Court House Road from Brock Road north. This was the house in which William spent most of his childhood. As a young boy, Thomas had attended Shady Grove Church with his family. But now that he was established at the courthouse, he and his family became members of nearby Zion Methodist Church. In the photograph below, William Harris appears seated in front (#58):</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-6RTyJXqjA0UBcKbHtnWFvM-SfFWU_rUkJn9tit7FyEgFjM0CwQY5SDykZibziDdtpS02nUqNn16_LoukCsJgK87pWAFSsmPp7CYeDfmn_BcfDv9zycTeKYwp2BAjMd6RY30TeFXA6U8T/s1280/Zion+Methodist+Church+1885-86+%25281%2529.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1277" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-6RTyJXqjA0UBcKbHtnWFvM-SfFWU_rUkJn9tit7FyEgFjM0CwQY5SDykZibziDdtpS02nUqNn16_LoukCsJgK87pWAFSsmPp7CYeDfmn_BcfDv9zycTeKYwp2BAjMd6RY30TeFXA6U8T/s640/Zion+Methodist+Church+1885-86+%25281%2529.jpeg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Sunday school group of Zion Methodist Church, about 1885</div><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> William appears in another group portrait of that era. The photograph below was taken at Spotsylvania Court House about 1890. Shown are William (#5) and his father, Sheriff Thomas Harris (#13):</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwxtcGvJLiG86Mq1MLwqExi9CJFxubkekhFCzfsaBeRGEGPgNGXOmJwRAC7QmJieRsHhinab-bVa5VP4bkBIm603_InxnuEaYPqTvF3KdXhUUMlMOItq48EAU7Hz3jQfzGbuSOyYjYjIFX/s1280/Spotsylvania+court+house+1890.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="934" data-original-width="1280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwxtcGvJLiG86Mq1MLwqExi9CJFxubkekhFCzfsaBeRGEGPgNGXOmJwRAC7QmJieRsHhinab-bVa5VP4bkBIm603_InxnuEaYPqTvF3KdXhUUMlMOItq48EAU7Hz3jQfzGbuSOyYjYjIFX/s640/Spotsylvania+court+house+1890.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div> <p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> William was educated in the public school near the court house until he was 15, then was tutored by a Professor George Jenks, an Englishman. He then studied Under Dr. George Rayland of Johns Hopkins University. In 1898, William entered the Medical College of Virginia, and earned his medical degree in 1901. He was president of his class. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuNqQLaOKJAKuBUd0Npbf3YEjkH1oVLLbncMn7GVKzD7BdsVUAz2B2BngFSsMoZjzB21_99Zt9RVg0IiKu7C9ocGcvxZC0Ss1h1-YRXcIoJwyIK0YOGLjCnOxpYeJI8v2wptkvSAkjguTO/s1254/9126+Courthouse+rd.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1106" data-original-width="1254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuNqQLaOKJAKuBUd0Npbf3YEjkH1oVLLbncMn7GVKzD7BdsVUAz2B2BngFSsMoZjzB21_99Zt9RVg0IiKu7C9ocGcvxZC0Ss1h1-YRXcIoJwyIK0YOGLjCnOxpYeJI8v2wptkvSAkjguTO/s640/9126+Courthouse+rd.png" width="640" /></a></div><p style="text-align: center;">9126 Court House Road</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Upon his graduation from medical school, Thomas gave his son a portion of the family farm on which to build a house. During that eventful year, on July 3, 1901, William married Dora Crismond, who was the daughter of Spotsylvania clerk of court Joseph Patrick Henry Crismond. They moved into their newly completed house at 9126 Court House Road in 1903. Dr. William Harris ran his medical practice from this house. William and Dora raised a son and two daughters here. This building still stands.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYfml7ORhlRncnfg9rl7ZYAA96l04-dCXhdc8qNHbqWYCKLg16lu_C_OinZp6bG4te8giMRKWEtGMnopqid0w-AVZOem_pjpAO29cnKYcVJT8HCXRbLVcn2UeV1NAzhzPSjQbIwQQ2YrlM/s646/fl+11+jan+1902.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="576" data-original-width="646" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYfml7ORhlRncnfg9rl7ZYAA96l04-dCXhdc8qNHbqWYCKLg16lu_C_OinZp6bG4te8giMRKWEtGMnopqid0w-AVZOem_pjpAO29cnKYcVJT8HCXRbLVcn2UeV1NAzhzPSjQbIwQQ2YrlM/s640/fl+11+jan+1902.png" width="640" /></a></div><p style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance</i> 11 January 1902</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Among Dr. Harris's earliest patients was my grandfather, Horace Row, and Zebulon "Buckshot" Payne, who were injured in a buggy mishap in 1902. Buckshot was seriously hurt. Twenty years later, Dr. Harris made out the death certificate for Mr. Payne, who drank himself to death. In 1939, Dr. Harris made out the death certificate for my grandfather, who died of a heart attack in Sperryville while picking apples.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkSTHDYweu8lcW3EhFyRbOExJwCBTy-xJTP-Oo9kKHKruTgqm8zzW9qCPwIgeYnf9voT9Nt_ff7GiJFDqW2nDHZa9Ac0tss_XxEdi8ViAeRh3YQ4675a7Sa9W5V8PCI6kdL9cquTtMBt-P/s842/Mary+Houston+2.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="842" data-original-width="619" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkSTHDYweu8lcW3EhFyRbOExJwCBTy-xJTP-Oo9kKHKruTgqm8zzW9qCPwIgeYnf9voT9Nt_ff7GiJFDqW2nDHZa9Ac0tss_XxEdi8ViAeRh3YQ4675a7Sa9W5V8PCI6kdL9cquTtMBt-P/s640/Mary+Houston+2.jpeg" /></a></div><p style="text-align: center;">Mary Houston (1882-1916)</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Three years later, Dr. Harris treated Horace's mother, Elizabeth Houston Row, while she was enjoying a visit from her niece, Mary Houston of Rockbridge County, Virginia. Upon her return home, Mary wrote a highly entertaining letter to her aunt, in which she made reference to William: "When your letter came, I was just starting to write to you. You don't know how sorry I am to know that you are not well again--I think I'll have to go back there and punch that doctor's head--he is too good looking anyway and a black eye would be just the thing for the old guy."</p><p style="text-align: left;"> William Harris was an early adopter of the automobile, and as by 1910 he was making house visits by car. This experience made him an avid and long-time proponent of improving local roads. He served for a number of years on the county's road commission. He was also a member of the Automobile Association of Virginia and the Fredericksburg Motor Club.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> In addition to his medical practice, William was actively involved in the civic life of his community. For a time he served as county coroner and was head of the board of health for Spotsylvania County. He served on the county school board. He was a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of the Elks. In 1912, he was appointed to the board of visitors of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB6WUcgkwG7yWLDZqmzN1Ss_iK5PqzGpeP-ZCl8McS9UISg5vcJc8W3wZ4hjlK2Lag2p-ZCSy-2m6DTL8vpDBwTEZYWOTLLkwSRfVGQ0pfHqt_DO5v6CqWvthJ3gmVvTwc6WYVtQQZSfaw/s1280/Dr.+W.A.+Harris+to+Lizzie+March+19%252C+1917.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="858" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB6WUcgkwG7yWLDZqmzN1Ss_iK5PqzGpeP-ZCl8McS9UISg5vcJc8W3wZ4hjlK2Lag2p-ZCSy-2m6DTL8vpDBwTEZYWOTLLkwSRfVGQ0pfHqt_DO5v6CqWvthJ3gmVvTwc6WYVtQQZSfaw/s640/Dr.+W.A.+Harris+to+Lizzie+March+19%252C+1917.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipvCVuXkN918XJW9MlJoT3Iuxb4ATM_ttOxekcXR3zNhDfyacN_ZCG8NT7QB6jehYZ-43YJJgaiG9KJeShqoJjgeNjeQh0sZI-NGh0jeWFfjy7L_H4pVGlgkdZDlPGK429DR33d7Eqhu_c/s1280/Dr.+W.A.+Harris+to+Lizzie+March+19%252C+1917+p2.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="883" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipvCVuXkN918XJW9MlJoT3Iuxb4ATM_ttOxekcXR3zNhDfyacN_ZCG8NT7QB6jehYZ-43YJJgaiG9KJeShqoJjgeNjeQh0sZI-NGh0jeWFfjy7L_H4pVGlgkdZDlPGK429DR33d7Eqhu_c/s640/Dr.+W.A.+Harris+to+Lizzie+March+19%252C+1917+p2.jpeg" /></a></div><p style="text-align: left;"> In March 1917, Dr. Harris wrote this letter to my great-grandmother, reassuring her about her health and telling her that she should make the trip to visit her brothers in Rockbridge County. He also comments on the recent marriage of Horace to my grandmother, Fannie Kent. (Eleven years later, Dr. Harris signed my great-grandmother's death certificate).<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> During World War I, Dr. Harris volunteered his services with the 304th Sanitary Train, which provided medical support for the 79th Division during its service in France. On June 30, 1918 he departed from Hoboken, New Jersey aboard USS Mongolia as a major in the Medical Reserve Corps. In June the following year he returned to the United States as a lieutenant Colonel in the MRC aboard USS Shoshone.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtxyYhUckdr0phUHm9AlUJTJyZ12Gol6vhE0V44cylapWRp7hBKYHH1tLJNZEWIdq0S4exdELjaFa1yGZGz44_V-O5tY2fAdA-sMjyUE99drWVHftyzWHS0VNH6bsi61Duzc6qtbNbdO3m/s201/WA+Harris+1938.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="201" data-original-width="126" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtxyYhUckdr0phUHm9AlUJTJyZ12Gol6vhE0V44cylapWRp7hBKYHH1tLJNZEWIdq0S4exdELjaFa1yGZGz44_V-O5tY2fAdA-sMjyUE99drWVHftyzWHS0VNH6bsi61Duzc6qtbNbdO3m/s0/WA+Harris+1938.jpeg" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;">Member of House of Delegates, 1938</p><p style="text-align: left;"> Dr. Harris served three terms in the House of Delegates, 1936-1942. It was during this time that his wife's health began to fail. Dora Harris died at their home on April 29, 1938 She lies buried in the Confederate Cemetery at Spotsylvania Court House. The following year, on October 19, 1939, William married Mattie Puckett of Russell County Virginia.</p><p style="text-align: left;"> William Aquilla Harris died suddenly at home of coronary thrombosis on May 25, 1944. He is buried near Dora in the Confederate Cemetery. </p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvJGaeoS459e9GlKIMJ5LWRRPWBjlvTt-s7iu612gRY6JLm_vnza565E4BGSSoRzVtvVDPT9rgZoHVAdN_cCrDFpV5-75m5cMkW2cc0fCeJ7Js1AoYASkUbuae-o261AsN3QsOc3Qbh8Va/s735/6879612_111861035323.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="551" data-original-width="735" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvJGaeoS459e9GlKIMJ5LWRRPWBjlvTt-s7iu612gRY6JLm_vnza565E4BGSSoRzVtvVDPT9rgZoHVAdN_cCrDFpV5-75m5cMkW2cc0fCeJ7Js1AoYASkUbuae-o261AsN3QsOc3Qbh8Va/s640/6879612_111861035323.jpg" width="640" /></a></div> <p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> After William's passing, Mattie Harris taught at Spotsylvania High School. She died on September 22, 1956. She is also buried in the Confederate Cemetery.</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiystYHMe6J7LfxcQ38kD17uE9Mnm3bEOADNr2zCv63sj9AonKJGQqrkqKk5JxtsHRaSs-nObORNpMsLHT4wG9knxxt-HCVyXnt1XlL4UcpxaXEW_IAN3phI5hH2Op6Bj7nHHu3286jqCG7/s374/Mattie+Puckett+Harris.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="374" data-original-width="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiystYHMe6J7LfxcQ38kD17uE9Mnm3bEOADNr2zCv63sj9AonKJGQqrkqKk5JxtsHRaSs-nObORNpMsLHT4wG9knxxt-HCVyXnt1XlL4UcpxaXEW_IAN3phI5hH2Op6Bj7nHHu3286jqCG7/s0/Mattie+Puckett+Harris.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Mattie Harris at Spotsylvania High School, 1954 <br /></div><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> </p><p style="text-align: left;">Links:</p><p style="text-align: left;">Biography of Thomas Addison Harris: <a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2013/10/thomas-addison-harris.html" target="_blank">https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2013/10/thomas-addison-harris.html</a> <br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">Biography of Joseph Patrick Henry Crismond: <a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2011/11/strange-tale-of-jph-crismond.html" target="_blank">https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2011/11/strange-tale-of-jph-crismond.html</a><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-77435921746426712152020-08-06T11:04:00.003-04:002020-08-06T11:14:29.207-04:00The Harris Brothers Go To War<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmfALcwZXmu6G4pWgnaN1Oiyv5e6TImVgxSNJv4i__R9_UGca_FWhj7tZ1gaZo3ms8qp4-0ufpFKw5-yzvQ2Ao5FXruW7TEAThTVQFdrmGFAkZ4h7fLRjkocjlbIBGm1JfKG4PrQedZD4X/s1510/Screen+Shot+2020-08-05+at+1.31.48+PM.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="894" data-original-width="1510" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmfALcwZXmu6G4pWgnaN1Oiyv5e6TImVgxSNJv4i__R9_UGca_FWhj7tZ1gaZo3ms8qp4-0ufpFKw5-yzvQ2Ao5FXruW7TEAThTVQFdrmGFAkZ4h7fLRjkocjlbIBGm1JfKG4PrQedZD4X/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-08-05+at+1.31.48+PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Map detail of Spotsylvania County, 1863</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> In the early 1840s, Robert McCracken Harris moved his family from Warren County, New Jersey to Spotsylvania, where he had bought a 250-acre farm near Shady Grove Methodist Church. His first four children were born in New Jersey; the next five would be native Virginians. The Harrises attended Shady Grove and enjoyed the respect of their neighbors. They did not own slaves. Instead, Mr. Harris employed two free women of color, Bettie and Mary Curtis, who lived on their farm for years. <br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> As the social and political structure of the nation began to fracture with the coming Civil War, it would have been interesting to hear conversations within the walls of the Harris home regarding their allegiances. All four of their sons of military age fought during the war. Only three wore the Confederate uniform.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Charles Montreville Harris (1845-1918) enlisted in the Fredericksburg Light Artillery. Although I could find no information about him from the compiled service records of Confederate soldiers, his service was mentioned in his obituary. He returned to Spotsylvania after the war and married Margaret Victoria Faulconer in 1868. They settled in Orange County, where he successfully farmed until he died of a stroke on November 19, 1918.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0Vss4h8t7tWHBOg-8YXV3iHrRyr5IP9Q_nKZneXqgptOv7AGhX_f8XExvkpDzKjywn0thQQYaSZDXqI0bG1IkZ9XiTSmlLeG1iWm7CxLquu2_WnjlAr97bDIVTxXm6DXOaOqFVdAtCFLa/s403/charles+ds+20+nov+1918.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="403" data-original-width="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0Vss4h8t7tWHBOg-8YXV3iHrRyr5IP9Q_nKZneXqgptOv7AGhX_f8XExvkpDzKjywn0thQQYaSZDXqI0bG1IkZ9XiTSmlLeG1iWm7CxLquu2_WnjlAr97bDIVTxXm6DXOaOqFVdAtCFLa/s0/charles+ds+20+nov+1918.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><i>The Daily Star</i> 20 November 1918</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Two Harris brothers, John A. (1840-1908) and Thomas Addison (1844-1912), enlisted in Company D of the 30th Virginia Infantry. They served with Benjamin Cason Rawlings (1845-1908), the Spotsylvania lad who ran away from home in December 1860 in order to join the Confederate army in Charleston, South Carolina. Several months later, he transferred to Company D of the 30th, where he was promoted to lieutenant at age17 and became captain of the company at age 18 in 1863. In the early 1900s, Ben wrote a memoir of his experiences during the war, which was the subject of Byrd Barnette Tribble's book <i>Benjamin Cason Rawlings: First Virginia Volunteer For the South</i>.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLuTqUor1u7oevjaAbG1m0-pMflCGPXwbkX0NxKzlLbPTwThRIxPuZT0XB-A19zWlRk3yFvTXw7r9d2iPUMmxsy7yJRUeCLXClds05BMYpKH1GejgOhUg7tW1_JsYQQkFNVus0tLZXZsnN/s1206/ben.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1206" data-original-width="970" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLuTqUor1u7oevjaAbG1m0-pMflCGPXwbkX0NxKzlLbPTwThRIxPuZT0XB-A19zWlRk3yFvTXw7r9d2iPUMmxsy7yJRUeCLXClds05BMYpKH1GejgOhUg7tW1_JsYQQkFNVus0tLZXZsnN/s640/ben.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Lieutenant Benjamin Cason Rawlings (Courtesy of Byrd Tribble)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> In his memoir, Ben related an incident involving John Harris. The 30th had been deployed to City Point, Virginia in late May 1862 to keep an eye on Federal gunboats in the James River:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> "One night around one or two o'clock I was roused by one of the guards, calling me to come down right quick. I found big excitement in camp. Everything was dark; all fires and lanterns were out. Brumley, one of the pickets, had brought in a prisoner. He reported that he had started from his post with Harris, another picket, and another prisoner. The other prisoner had stabbed Harris, whom Brumley had been obliged to leave along the edge of the railroad tracks while he brought his prisoner in. I was ordered to send out a detail of a corporal and four men to bring in the wounded man to camp. We found Harris with six or seven wounds in his breast and arms, near death from loss of blood. We carried him on a stretcher to our regimental surgeon and sent for whiskey.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> "...I got a first hand account of the trouble from Sergeant Johnson. Near the crossroad, a sentinel saw two men come blundering in from the bushes and arrested them. One seemed to be a sailor. The sergeant foolishly neglected to search them but put each one in the charge of a picket and started them to camp. Brumley, who was not more than 15 years old, kept his in front of him at the muzzle of his gun, but Harris let his prisoner walk by his side and talk to him. After a short distance, this sailor, a big, strong fellow, all at once threw his left arm around Harris, grabbed his gun, stabbed him seven or eight times in the breast and shoulder, and ran back into the bushes. Brumley was just a few feet ahead of Harris, but it was too dark for him to help, so he kept marching and left Harris by the railroad. I went on to City Point, notified the pickets, and then came on back, reaching camp just before daylight, very tired.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> "The next day some of the cavalry ran across the escaped prisoner in the woods and arrested him, putting him on a horse behind a cavalryman to send him to camp. As soon as the two were out of sight of the other men, the Yankee jerked the cavalryman's pistol out of the holster, knocked him on the head, and took off for the bushes again. He was never seen afterwards. The two were supposed to be spies sent from the boats and no doubt they got back that night. Harris was sent to the hospital and finally after a long time recovered and served the rest of the war. He is now a successful merchant in Fredericksburg but still carries the scars on the breast and arms."</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR1X5mUUPxp96EmZv5ut51yrNOzjn6Tv2123hXB9smOk4UwOmbTaC5MMgmdUUz71Ohhxesmy8_veWd8zbcW6zRFNYYI0OXKs_mD057IwJTOeOAn24zNa1BTnjE6S0KSIXCAR_OC8E_PvNT/s1280/Thomas+Addison+Harris.jpeg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="856" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR1X5mUUPxp96EmZv5ut51yrNOzjn6Tv2123hXB9smOk4UwOmbTaC5MMgmdUUz71Ohhxesmy8_veWd8zbcW6zRFNYYI0OXKs_mD057IwJTOeOAn24zNa1BTnjE6S0KSIXCAR_OC8E_PvNT/s640/Thomas+Addison+Harris.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Thomas Addison Harris (Courtesy of Rich Morrison)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Thomas Harris was discharged from the 30th Virginia on July 23, 1862. A month later, he joined Company E of the 9th Virginia Cavalry at Hanover Court House. He served as a scout for General J.E.B. Stuart. On June 21, 1863 Thomas's horse was killed in action during a fight with Alfred Pleasanton's cavalry at Upperville in Loudoun County. The wartime exploit for which he is best remembered took place during the Battle of Five Forks on April 2, 1865. Much of the fighting took place at "Burnt Quarter" in Dinwiddie County. Widow Mary Gilliam, who was then nursing a sick servant, and three of her daughters were trapped in their house as the fighting raged around them. Confederate General W.H.F. Lee, realizing that their lives were in peril, asked for five volunteers to escort them to safety. Corporal Thomas A. Harris was one of those five. Mary Gilliam refused to leave her ailing slave, but her daughters were safely brought out of harm's way. During this action Thomas was severely wounded, and his career as a cavalryman came to a close.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Thomas returned to Spotsylvania after the war, married and raised a large family. Over the years he held a number of positions of public trust, including twenty years as Spotsylvania sheriff and nine as clerk of the Spotsylvania court. Several years ago, I wrote a biography of Thomas Harris, which can be read at <a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2013/10/thomas-addison-harris.html" target="_blank">https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2013/10/thomas-addison-harris.html. <br /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> William Harris (1836-1911), the oldest of the fighting Harrises, evidently identified more closely with the cause of the United States than his brothers, and he cast his lot with the Union army. He chose not to enlist in a New Jersey regiment, probably to avoid the possibility of shooting at his own brothers. Instead, he "was in active service on the western frontier as a scout," as reported in his obituary. I found a pension card which indicates that he served in the 25th Wisconsin Infantry and in the Veteran Reserve Corps. The V.R.C. allowed soldiers who were too sick or too badly injured for service in the field to perform light duties, such as those of a guard or hospital orderly. Like his three brothers, William returned to Spotsylvania after the war.<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7uJacvaUpOFofN46ZkFfT-8l-MgCk24iuWUOvsx5DLi6Mi7htsyjnje_zuB_S71P1o8cwNzs-SINnvyWM7DXwEk3uzjDZnokT4jymzJWgcN7UjDSgWFCpis3gNaeSSZxloezgHupyLOrh/s2048/William+Harris+pension.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1456" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7uJacvaUpOFofN46ZkFfT-8l-MgCk24iuWUOvsx5DLi6Mi7htsyjnje_zuB_S71P1o8cwNzs-SINnvyWM7DXwEk3uzjDZnokT4jymzJWgcN7UjDSgWFCpis3gNaeSSZxloezgHupyLOrh/s640/William+Harris+pension.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Pension card of William Harris</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> John Harris married Annie McCracken, who was also from New Jersey, in 1873. By that time John owned a grocery at 615 Commerce (now William) Street near the city cemetery of Fredericksburg. John and Annie had three sons and a daughter, all of whom survived to adulthood. <br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> On October 14, 1870, William Harris married his neighbor, Mary Ann "Annie" Buchanan, at the Spotsylvania home of her brother, William Shelton Buchanan. Annie had grown up at "Shady Grove Corner," the Buchanan farm across Catharpin Road from Shady Grove Church. Before she married John, she taught school for a time at Hazel Hill. At the time they were married, William was working as a caretaker at Oakley farm which had been bought from Leroy Dobyns by Joseph Lichtenstern in 1868. William worked there until 1872, when Lichtenstern sold Oakley after running up large debts. William and Annie then moved to Fredericksburg and settled at 724 Commerce Street. John took William into the grocery business, which was thereafter called Harris & Brother. They remained in partnership until 1896, when William retired from the business. <br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_w9wjrJYvODX3G3uBTkrH0roJQgTOepKANckhpNaqAoBC3kiDVHdnr37_ECdpxQA_oIgDpmjTCHoG2iw8cp13f_UV0cRmXPowOpO_ARIU3hPQhqrQsY_jgs4mRSIzIfpQ6WETVBi7gnT7/s646/fl+17+feb+1885.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="416" data-original-width="646" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_w9wjrJYvODX3G3uBTkrH0roJQgTOepKANckhpNaqAoBC3kiDVHdnr37_ECdpxQA_oIgDpmjTCHoG2iw8cp13f_UV0cRmXPowOpO_ARIU3hPQhqrQsY_jgs4mRSIzIfpQ6WETVBi7gnT7/s640/fl+17+feb+1885.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance</i> 17 February 1885<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> In 1894, Harris & Brother was burglarized by professional safe crackers, as reported in the June 12, 1894 edition of <i>The Daily Star:</i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><i><br /></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLqOqPHygCssPbgItCr129WLafvRQolynWambW9YCNJIfkGk5Zbw9J5WTfVAf_Z_GHdDMBH6TUWbHJCTRwnRv2cdORBDF53BCid9d23zlXudQWyH_l0FqKCAp6becfL2QGlwQgll3R5JIB/s1240/fl+12+jun+1894.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="656" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLqOqPHygCssPbgItCr129WLafvRQolynWambW9YCNJIfkGk5Zbw9J5WTfVAf_Z_GHdDMBH6TUWbHJCTRwnRv2cdORBDF53BCid9d23zlXudQWyH_l0FqKCAp6becfL2QGlwQgll3R5JIB/s640/fl+12+jun+1894.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtgtCrv8EejV69USglNl6PZWSsDWzW8VBqQ2TXNeo109JpQ0bbryS3-ptFcDmLNKwrQyVvGxtHvg4Dx9w-8KK-q5l4axFgb_OD-Rr_Y2aimvZ1HZILdtiTFJmjN2_pVvkVkKeVJGTvlh9d/s660/fl+12+jun+1894+2.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="572" data-original-width="660" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtgtCrv8EejV69USglNl6PZWSsDWzW8VBqQ2TXNeo109JpQ0bbryS3-ptFcDmLNKwrQyVvGxtHvg4Dx9w-8KK-q5l4axFgb_OD-Rr_Y2aimvZ1HZILdtiTFJmjN2_pVvkVkKeVJGTvlh9d/s640/fl+12+jun+1894+2.png" width="640" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0000ee;"> <span style="background-color: black;"><span></span></span> <br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0000ee;"> <span style="color: black;">John Harris played an active role in the civic life of Fredericksburg. He was involved in local Democratic politics and served as town magistrate. He was a devoted member of the Baptist Church and of organizations like the Sons of Liberty. He died at home on May 3, 1908</span><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0000ee;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnS1BDtQZ6ruhFToNIJtUq-9SxIG0hDrIa4U-pFf7dwqlyyzeWW_DYQa64KVCvD3l9wBK7azXqGCrgnMlVp09_kVXQXjzR19bsViu_FtAMvzAqdkGC01VzephLbTzEjmviOpb5V2LHF2Jw/s559/john+ds+4+may+1908.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="559" data-original-width="325" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnS1BDtQZ6ruhFToNIJtUq-9SxIG0hDrIa4U-pFf7dwqlyyzeWW_DYQa64KVCvD3l9wBK7azXqGCrgnMlVp09_kVXQXjzR19bsViu_FtAMvzAqdkGC01VzephLbTzEjmviOpb5V2LHF2Jw/s0/john+ds+4+may+1908.jpg" /></a></div><span style="color: #0000ee;"><i><span style="color: black;">The Daily Star</span> </i><span style="color: black;">4 May 1908</span><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0000ee;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0000ee;"> <span style="color: black;">William outlived his brother by three years. He passed away at his home on January 10, 1911. He and Annie are buried at Shady Grove Methodist Church.</span><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0000ee;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNWxjluXIznrllqcdBi-cbX_5FhIUsSlTnz1k7rv7KuXbWJtiQWVuq6AGUVvJ-Ex-4vqLMzWWQypgvJTvBhBD-x5_d5UOrXrIGJKZtE9hCo8G_tzc6rz8ViEtW94Gz_YwYMomyAuatwJmo/s604/william+ds+10+jan+1911.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="604" data-original-width="355" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNWxjluXIznrllqcdBi-cbX_5FhIUsSlTnz1k7rv7KuXbWJtiQWVuq6AGUVvJ-Ex-4vqLMzWWQypgvJTvBhBD-x5_d5UOrXrIGJKZtE9hCo8G_tzc6rz8ViEtW94Gz_YwYMomyAuatwJmo/s0/william+ds+10+jan+1911.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpP9lBWvC4VeoThc6JCZ30omuNeXF9d7RXsl5Uk549Uw396k3McIg9dzwZNAQZsZrE3mprw4GgRAnnffkfpr8Ndydec5VUkfFikqszr6Dv7BfuhPCGvm25Wr10lse6aLs3ibmGSxg5It_t/s355/william+2.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="286" data-original-width="355" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpP9lBWvC4VeoThc6JCZ30omuNeXF9d7RXsl5Uk549Uw396k3McIg9dzwZNAQZsZrE3mprw4GgRAnnffkfpr8Ndydec5VUkfFikqszr6Dv7BfuhPCGvm25Wr10lse6aLs3ibmGSxg5It_t/s0/william+2.jpg" /></a></div><span style="color: #0000ee;"><i><span style="color: black;">The Daily Star </span></i><span style="color: black;">10 January 1911</span></span><br /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-65063063046437651122020-08-04T08:49:00.001-04:002020-08-04T17:54:00.572-04:00Fisticuffs on Princess Anne Street<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2BXWt6I0QOIi0IJNhu4x74VrDH5aAG8qfq12NJJ1KRhGJiVNvqSe3nqyXLN5942feUmHhjYTar88KsAc0U5e9hyfgyoOE2i0Fpskh3gZnV1KIz_6BdI_wNeCn6GSrYjSGR-fg6h6QSPpS/s796/Screen+Shot+2020-08-03+at+10.20.45+AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="796" data-original-width="588" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2BXWt6I0QOIi0IJNhu4x74VrDH5aAG8qfq12NJJ1KRhGJiVNvqSe3nqyXLN5942feUmHhjYTar88KsAc0U5e9hyfgyoOE2i0Fpskh3gZnV1KIz_6BdI_wNeCn6GSrYjSGR-fg6h6QSPpS/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-08-03+at+10.20.45+AM.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVjX0EUdkR9Q2xzZe59U7TrtzcMFyE-LjD6GQCjT88sNRyLJxbPR6pc50FZBs6hBv82iNcUOfMyNl7hKxYQpor3-OD5tRlwErmo1ZC-Jax4T9UxfSc3LDLojCHwFi77hcctQPo0wVbfqh3/s646/Screen+Shot+2020-08-03+at+10.20.24+AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="646" data-original-width="468" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVjX0EUdkR9Q2xzZe59U7TrtzcMFyE-LjD6GQCjT88sNRyLJxbPR6pc50FZBs6hBv82iNcUOfMyNl7hKxYQpor3-OD5tRlwErmo1ZC-Jax4T9UxfSc3LDLojCHwFi77hcctQPo0wVbfqh3/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-08-03+at+10.20.24+AM.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Cardinal Richelieu Coleman (Library of Virginia)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Cardinal Richelieu Coleman was born at "Alta Vista," a large farm in eastern Spotsylvania County, on November 19, 1878. His father, Solon T. Coleman, was a well known citizen who was active in Democratic Party politics. Solon was appointed as a registration official in the county in 1867 and was elected to the House of Delegates in 1893. He died the following year. <br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Richelieu followed in his father's footsteps and immersed himself in the boisterous world of local politics while still in his early twenties. He was elected twice to the House of Delegates, in 1909 and 1911; the portraits above were taken with the other delegates during those sessions. After his stint in the state legislature, Richelieu was elected as deputy commissioner of revenue in Spotsylvania. During the 1920s, he was working in the Virginia attorney general's office, was a member of the Virginia State Democratic Committee and served on the Spotsylvania County Elections Board. Richelieu's son, Solon Bernard Coleman (1901-1974), also decided on a life of public service and served as commonwealth's attorney, was elected to the Virginia state legislature and was appointed circuit judge.<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPbH7rWFyw1J-f1FyU7DFEy_GhnU65oaU3xu6l4Qj_WC3OlqqfhtRBTNscE5ZsfFMz5dS_-4nSkS9FXjvrNMfJ4CMrTgMktQyK12SoUwXoeRVs0CZZHL_skEYS4uPxWE4I_D6QUJiWi35C/s1210/DS+29+Jun+1925.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1210" data-original-width="692" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPbH7rWFyw1J-f1FyU7DFEy_GhnU65oaU3xu6l4Qj_WC3OlqqfhtRBTNscE5ZsfFMz5dS_-4nSkS9FXjvrNMfJ4CMrTgMktQyK12SoUwXoeRVs0CZZHL_skEYS4uPxWE4I_D6QUJiWi35C/s640/DS+29+Jun+1925.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Charles Ainsworth MacHenry (<i>The Daily Star </i>29 June 1925)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Charles Ainsworth MacHenry (1875-1957) was an attorney in New York City. In 1916, he bought historic Oakley farm on Catharpin Road. At the time, Oakley consisted of 1,081 acres. In 1919, he added an additional 730 acres. Like most of the owners of Oakley since the 1860s, MacHenry was largely an absentee landlord. However, he qualified as an attorney in Virginia and practiced in Spotsylvania when he happened to be there. He employed William Lee Kent as caretaker at Oakley 1916-1919, and then hired George Day Stephens to oversee the property until 1926. He also had two engineers, named Stockwell and Ashmead, tending to the mining activity at Oakley. The mining venture was not a success. In 1926, he sold Oakley to George Beals, whose family has owned it ever since. <br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS25txJpMkZJB81yQzjWNm-8UeJO3WCCn1pzNrnsRWOvvztLeEWGo5JytFeF_qYtiO3qoZtenDJILEzTvVTQIDMCWw8HgRr_0nagCqFF0MiQhURHXk5kJOAGMctlajlVk-ECi_iSZ9cv-a/s930/Oakley+1935+Francis+Benj+Johnston.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="738" data-original-width="930" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS25txJpMkZJB81yQzjWNm-8UeJO3WCCn1pzNrnsRWOvvztLeEWGo5JytFeF_qYtiO3qoZtenDJILEzTvVTQIDMCWw8HgRr_0nagCqFF0MiQhURHXk5kJOAGMctlajlVk-ECi_iSZ9cv-a/s640/Oakley+1935+Francis+Benj+Johnston.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Oakley, 1935 (Frances Benjamin Johnston)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU06VM55q1M2ItzwZm5BGt-4SeeqRtD_aRhkW11h35rpvrHpcAP9ei3rCdY4YbfnNlEFoWwYKoeNmDlHJeXcSQGhIyOxWhKkQoXLOCRmyy09xNOGccJhkzq0L2TkaFB1uy3jZtQBAOuBXY/s1167/WilliamLeeKent.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1167" data-original-width="885" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU06VM55q1M2ItzwZm5BGt-4SeeqRtD_aRhkW11h35rpvrHpcAP9ei3rCdY4YbfnNlEFoWwYKoeNmDlHJeXcSQGhIyOxWhKkQoXLOCRmyy09xNOGccJhkzq0L2TkaFB1uy3jZtQBAOuBXY/s640/WilliamLeeKent.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">William Lee Kent</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLszBlRADQGL0Z42B2RCBggA66VdJPwHSjpURzr7GJae5U60dTsACa2izKey0lhPOsFW-1o2KA7BtqGovvcPA00xbvwcRECXnAGFDLPVMvEcEzXwmQannP_3J-f9YL_5uci8Fa0d4VjigB/s1500/George+Day+Stephens.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="780" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLszBlRADQGL0Z42B2RCBggA66VdJPwHSjpURzr7GJae5U60dTsACa2izKey0lhPOsFW-1o2KA7BtqGovvcPA00xbvwcRECXnAGFDLPVMvEcEzXwmQannP_3J-f9YL_5uci8Fa0d4VjigB/s640/George+Day+Stephens.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">George Day Stephens (Courtesy of Matt Ogle)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> A general meeting of concerned Spotsylvania citizens met in the court house on March 17, 1924. MacHenry was the primary speaker that evening. The stated purpose of the meeting was to discuss the secretive manner in which a road bill had been passed by the legislature. A resolution was passed in which Governor Trinkle was asked to veto that bill. Those in attendance wanted to address other concerns, and MacHenry was only too happy to oblige. Another resolution was passed asking the Governor to remove Judge Frederick William Coleman (Richelieu's cousin) from office as Spotsylvania's Commissioner in Chancery and Commissioner of Accounts. <br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> <br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWeFoLjnxk0WC0vL5amDcl702rZgWkwe67e5LNThXJ4WLeP6izgFOlCsFUlCLQfH11QX8_x6RoPUiSleLXvgeA-iLTJLMqDwxWOR_b4ofc0A1q2vlr1Hn8bBcuMHLr6v4381mwW1qOTiJV/s1174/ds+29+mar+1926.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1174" data-original-width="926" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWeFoLjnxk0WC0vL5amDcl702rZgWkwe67e5LNThXJ4WLeP6izgFOlCsFUlCLQfH11QX8_x6RoPUiSleLXvgeA-iLTJLMqDwxWOR_b4ofc0A1q2vlr1Hn8bBcuMHLr6v4381mwW1qOTiJV/s640/ds+29+mar+1926.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Frederick William Coleman (<i>The Daily Star</i> 29 March 1926)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> The following day, March 18, 1924, an angry confrontation occurred on Princess Anne Street, as described by that day's edition of <i>The Daily Star</i>:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMmsjKzGUWn7ytI0eNdspzFoAX0gaJXFtagha5CaNW8Fb_ittWI4QlyPSsfTQn96FolaJosd_nm-VKP1ctEDH8H1hJrPIpvBbDysvOL1hLopdoAulCqZf7PapnCJ2xUMdsEBZbw2rgYBfG/s1280/Screen+Shot+2020-08-04+at+8.22.00+AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="644" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMmsjKzGUWn7ytI0eNdspzFoAX0gaJXFtagha5CaNW8Fb_ittWI4QlyPSsfTQn96FolaJosd_nm-VKP1ctEDH8H1hJrPIpvBbDysvOL1hLopdoAulCqZf7PapnCJ2xUMdsEBZbw2rgYBfG/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-08-04+at+8.22.00+AM.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibmCM1a_KcvD6I1B3K7zfRw8cYl1Nw9hkT0I58_i-Xdz2Or_SuFtwEJ-Mv9PxinMsyjDhQwKslPjFA1zGFZYvFzAedagYwqD5OMaNMz5_RlIIpQSUZHgMeA5-w4xaD6q8_vCgCtmNVRkWh/s1098/18+mar+1924+2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1098" data-original-width="634" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibmCM1a_KcvD6I1B3K7zfRw8cYl1Nw9hkT0I58_i-Xdz2Or_SuFtwEJ-Mv9PxinMsyjDhQwKslPjFA1zGFZYvFzAedagYwqD5OMaNMz5_RlIIpQSUZHgMeA5-w4xaD6q8_vCgCtmNVRkWh/s640/18+mar+1924+2.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> The case had the usual number of delays and postponements and finally came to trial in early May 1924. Once again, this was front page news in the May 3, 1924 edition of <i>The Daily Star</i>:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjujVm7ArNGj8PheBzmK4aigqRG-H_y7aihmOsOhlFrMT3ELtSFhTQsob4JzIdDwgBl0_r-6VU3u-rvEsaEWPyHLQwZlG7ZKzq3SosRFgop2g2O0rd3yMWWGQULJ_My2TcSL0PeMMJh3FA4/s1182/ds+3+may+1924.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1182" data-original-width="486" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjujVm7ArNGj8PheBzmK4aigqRG-H_y7aihmOsOhlFrMT3ELtSFhTQsob4JzIdDwgBl0_r-6VU3u-rvEsaEWPyHLQwZlG7ZKzq3SosRFgop2g2O0rd3yMWWGQULJ_My2TcSL0PeMMJh3FA4/s640/ds+3+may+1924.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8gZ21lZ_hqD-5uN6ngSRm3Cq5UIiz7tjMVEO-gsyFlFQ1BjqrqAAbHA0RSAqypYOqQJBBd2iMjcSmU82DO7qYChyfA9f64NEATQF-xlr886wHFApyaFirLPIhmXB0QLdsfA44UjKInQZE/s1252/3+may+2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1252" data-original-width="482" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8gZ21lZ_hqD-5uN6ngSRm3Cq5UIiz7tjMVEO-gsyFlFQ1BjqrqAAbHA0RSAqypYOqQJBBd2iMjcSmU82DO7qYChyfA9f64NEATQF-xlr886wHFApyaFirLPIhmXB0QLdsfA44UjKInQZE/s640/3+may+2.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEPWtNbzM6T7m3KZwQDgfV3OXsdmBXUCmE5bMeKOSz_1azwmS4rersHhy7CGLJ0K0F5Ds-eHBefi35NZdl2m3Zwcs26hwJCCRm-SOHtrQIsTRMnDCGu5lZj1BWwdktEk1BWK8qKDpFBFX-/s1080/3+may+3.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="482" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEPWtNbzM6T7m3KZwQDgfV3OXsdmBXUCmE5bMeKOSz_1azwmS4rersHhy7CGLJ0K0F5Ds-eHBefi35NZdl2m3Zwcs26hwJCCRm-SOHtrQIsTRMnDCGu5lZj1BWwdktEk1BWK8qKDpFBFX-/s640/3+may+3.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqmvQuXk3_WHSbkdlith1YSYCoN9eF1U7jVtm8PykaMn1PHkhQhL6zGkbZoEYUwNiw6gtIoHwVVIjABeZ2n2pkzIE6xSICicTley4iIf40110OoEasttRneK5YbAQykEwFTWEE09g136Hp/s488/3+may+4.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="346" data-original-width="488" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqmvQuXk3_WHSbkdlith1YSYCoN9eF1U7jVtm8PykaMn1PHkhQhL6zGkbZoEYUwNiw6gtIoHwVVIjABeZ2n2pkzIE6xSICicTley4iIf40110OoEasttRneK5YbAQykEwFTWEE09g136Hp/s0/3+may+4.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeaSAckQCLoCVVtyB0PkviP993Rnok4iN-fJyjhPnusP89YKRau1RNbxoOTiGIOa9pRPJBM2PX7B2-EaA51AeOJyxdwOVJaQtTVr87T_CpHUk_P_tV8pDMKK7lZwXkvW8BVhNWy67kIF8P/s806/3+may+5.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="806" data-original-width="488" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeaSAckQCLoCVVtyB0PkviP993Rnok4iN-fJyjhPnusP89YKRau1RNbxoOTiGIOa9pRPJBM2PX7B2-EaA51AeOJyxdwOVJaQtTVr87T_CpHUk_P_tV8pDMKK7lZwXkvW8BVhNWy67kIF8P/s640/3+may+5.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Fortunately for Richelieu Coleman, his life was not defined by this unfortunate incident. He went on to serve in a number of positions of public trust over the coming years, as described in obituary published in the May 8, 1963 edition of <i>The Free Lance-Star</i>:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhib2TX9LkqZEDxOllE0rOy_DeOX6QxeJSvpm1vdUmGNN0SuBouct7Oqldbpc86ALSJF-px4H7ISyqp017UhqURhN6JN8eRiYTcgrIPXgCZY-TDI0jbyVEURj-NDuE2zbtwR4hf8QUKGne8/s1278/8+may+1963.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1278" data-original-width="450" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhib2TX9LkqZEDxOllE0rOy_DeOX6QxeJSvpm1vdUmGNN0SuBouct7Oqldbpc86ALSJF-px4H7ISyqp017UhqURhN6JN8eRiYTcgrIPXgCZY-TDI0jbyVEURj-NDuE2zbtwR4hf8QUKGne8/s640/8+may+1963.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRYHpI89RY2-OcF3XDbXsaxK2dPK-H6MkQtBijZNxiLW5IfDtk7JII-jZ4H9wS41IEpXU5lffcSJUA2h19kusmhVg8RAyaTaTB6AY_9XEo83_hVQ4N4sBbaibXldChiL2jf54hiV39BJbd/s1274/8+may+2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1274" data-original-width="384" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRYHpI89RY2-OcF3XDbXsaxK2dPK-H6MkQtBijZNxiLW5IfDtk7JII-jZ4H9wS41IEpXU5lffcSJUA2h19kusmhVg8RAyaTaTB6AY_9XEo83_hVQ4N4sBbaibXldChiL2jf54hiV39BJbd/s640/8+may+2.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkILIIv5vSEsTFVFJGUjFstOfD9PCaRbAm4s0_TT2SdyKy1nW4bNMdSD2LzFb0XAoguYRC0x2zYKKSVxujlTfNK-hW9TnwuDzf_sm9ROwBDuj3vVGIGFbRKJSEHElltok0k6Hhyphenhyphen3DSiVbd/s802/8+may+3.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="802" data-original-width="396" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkILIIv5vSEsTFVFJGUjFstOfD9PCaRbAm4s0_TT2SdyKy1nW4bNMdSD2LzFb0XAoguYRC0x2zYKKSVxujlTfNK-hW9TnwuDzf_sm9ROwBDuj3vVGIGFbRKJSEHElltok0k6Hhyphenhyphen3DSiVbd/s640/8+may+3.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-71611356579680065952020-07-24T08:23:00.004-04:002020-07-24T16:59:32.650-04:00"He looked at me in a defiant manner"<div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVK0p1c8i4retw23e9W6c06Hc-HNgdM1bJQzzCTgoo4NcBc4xIfYHhLnNmAjgI1706azBZuZieb3ry7g4yRtSyCBxlIHityqsj57uIQx4cwSlPQNETXK89XcoH5sRkKNAP6OuONwmHMsRD/s960/Wilson+Comfort.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="682" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVK0p1c8i4retw23e9W6c06Hc-HNgdM1bJQzzCTgoo4NcBc4xIfYHhLnNmAjgI1706azBZuZieb3ry7g4yRtSyCBxlIHityqsj57uIQx4cwSlPQNETXK89XcoH5sRkKNAP6OuONwmHMsRD/s320/Wilson+Comfort.jpg" /></a></div>Wilson Comfort (Courtesy of Tyler Talley) <br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"> Thomas H. Comfort, a black citizen of Spotsylvania County, was born about 1862 to Wilson Comfort and Sarah Ann Brown. Thomas married Mary Woolfolk on December 23, 1884. Their time together would be short.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_4WhSCK7fWXuWGekqVSJ7NA60C0yU7YVf0dK_tdBR3vjg1ofaCdtitE4ExoZJ5X9N_Jx_X98nTYbcUnTk_Jwm9e5Qu3xeLNvZ3Mg9VuB74UU_yXjoI1dPY4hpuq5_arrys0EA8bsKGKOv/s1556/Screen+Shot+2020-07-23+at+2.17.38+PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1302" data-original-width="1556" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_4WhSCK7fWXuWGekqVSJ7NA60C0yU7YVf0dK_tdBR3vjg1ofaCdtitE4ExoZJ5X9N_Jx_X98nTYbcUnTk_Jwm9e5Qu3xeLNvZ3Mg9VuB74UU_yXjoI1dPY4hpuq5_arrys0EA8bsKGKOv/s320/Screen+Shot+2020-07-23+at+2.17.38+PM.png" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Map detail of Spotsylvania County, 1863<br /></div><div><br /></div><div> Jesse H. Stubbs, Jr. (1841-1919) was born in southwestern Spotsylvania County to Jesse Stubbs and Sarah Elizabeth Prewett. The Stubbs farm can be seen in the center of the map detail above. Jesse enlisted in Company I of the 6th Virginia Cavalry on May 4, 1861. He was absent from his regiment for a time in 1862 while recuperating from pneumonia. When he returned to active duty, he spent much of the remainder of the war on detached duty as a teamster for the quartermaster department. After the Civil War, Jesse returned home to Spotsylvania. He married Ann Judson Sanders on October 24, 1869. In the years that followed, Jesse earned his living as the owner of a grist mill and also ran a steam saw mill. He was active in local politics and appeared to be well regarded in the community.</div><div> On March 18, 1889 Thomas Comfort was working at the saw mill of Jesse Stubbs. He and Jesse were standing at opposite ends of the carriage which had just come off its track, apparently because a log was not placed properly on it. Thomas attempted to get the carriage back on the track by lifting up on it with a stick. Stubbs told him he was doing it the wrong way, and Thomas replied that he knew what he was doing, "to which he added an impolite word." Jesse picked up a five-foot black gum stick and struck Thomas twice. The first blow Thomas averted by throwing up his arms. The second blow smashed into the left side of Thomas's head, instantly rendering him unconscious. Jesse asked some of his other employees to carry Thomas out of mill shed. He was carried outside and laid on a pile of wood chips. Thomas lay insensible there for a time before regaining consciousness. When he woke up, he seemed not to understand what had happened to him. After a while, he managed to stand up and began tottering off in the direction of his home.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyCGvLQ-jfNSfpxTveC9FQEE8HGpnu7P2srZEQW8DOsBpxWSeD75baC7OmjoQflUGnlHgyYPP1Xv3TgY2_OJF9Y5nJBUOOZpLKf0geLYWuBEZbUvXpE61DqAEMcWOxIB-m1TsObwilfqld/s690/john+duerson+pulliam.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="690" data-original-width="497" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyCGvLQ-jfNSfpxTveC9FQEE8HGpnu7P2srZEQW8DOsBpxWSeD75baC7OmjoQflUGnlHgyYPP1Xv3TgY2_OJF9Y5nJBUOOZpLKf0geLYWuBEZbUvXpE61DqAEMcWOxIB-m1TsObwilfqld/s320/john+duerson+pulliam.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">John Duerson Pulliam and his wife</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"> Shortly thereafter, Thomas was seen by witness Cleverious Woolfolk staggering across one of the fields of Dr. John Duerson Pulliam's farm. Mr. Woolfolk helped Thomas reach his home, where he died shortly thereafter. A Dr. Woolfolk was summoned to examine Thomas's body, and he and Dr. Pulliam, who acted as coroner, performed an autopsy. During the trial of Jesse Stubbs four months later, Dr. Pulliam testified that he issued a warrant for Jesse's arrest the following day. The charge was murder.<br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3h-ze1OW8-K0QlUMZHq15Pvk38rtWJHVigYQUe55JnTr2R7yF8j0FC83TSURUVzGzFrzk05SfGtjL_1tkIP-0xx-IUEpZOZnSiBJPHaNBxoUO9c2RbfveeHYXqGbg2oSjrArglyNvPvu_/s918/fl+22+mar+1889.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="918" data-original-width="558" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3h-ze1OW8-K0QlUMZHq15Pvk38rtWJHVigYQUe55JnTr2R7yF8j0FC83TSURUVzGzFrzk05SfGtjL_1tkIP-0xx-IUEpZOZnSiBJPHaNBxoUO9c2RbfveeHYXqGbg2oSjrArglyNvPvu_/s320/fl+22+mar+1889.png" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance </i>22 March 1889</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7IS3ELw89-48R7fW1FsPeK5LBU3F3Fk6orPqvdEfbf6xpgCWAtmIj4f4awT23EIgpckPwgi3LtYfX8rTW_7UOkPnw0wpldWlLVywcQcEIkz8pat1RA_xlToPBc1tWwqWf0A2tK3FIJrDP/s1266/fl+9+jul+1889.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1266" data-original-width="622" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7IS3ELw89-48R7fW1FsPeK5LBU3F3Fk6orPqvdEfbf6xpgCWAtmIj4f4awT23EIgpckPwgi3LtYfX8rTW_7UOkPnw0wpldWlLVywcQcEIkz8pat1RA_xlToPBc1tWwqWf0A2tK3FIJrDP/s320/fl+9+jul+1889.png" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance </i>9 July 1889</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"> A trial was held at Spotsylvania Court House on July 2, 1889. Representing the prosecution were Commonwealth's Attorney Alfred Benjamin Rawlings and William Seymour White. White had suffered from poor health most of his life and had to be rolled about in a wheel chair. However, this is no way stopped him from accomplishing a great deal during his short life. In addition to his work as an attorney, White was also the editor of <i>The Free Lance</i> and the mayor of Fredericksburg.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCztWDxONQOTg7AuT_3kOIaT58B5_m2UREJ0pTPgi-DbZUCdZAWK3BY2SqL21SQasPceP3bM46fuja6lfu8KvC4rG0Hp-K43lYOq2BkQ7b8bWAfWB5B2cqB1WEz2ElR7EuRgcxVABGvGwI/s462/alfred+benjamin+rawlings.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="462" data-original-width="367" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCztWDxONQOTg7AuT_3kOIaT58B5_m2UREJ0pTPgi-DbZUCdZAWK3BY2SqL21SQasPceP3bM46fuja6lfu8KvC4rG0Hp-K43lYOq2BkQ7b8bWAfWB5B2cqB1WEz2ElR7EuRgcxVABGvGwI/s320/alfred+benjamin+rawlings.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipFvQVEk556XyYAEZ7VUV9YOsyCnhkp6V5AKqG0G667crOi7BhSHRzrDjzQXLSuvV6rz78-870V-gjXEQyyK5NhQ1mv7fFYZB5ruKXrIb-LEl8aitIhuWZ5MVgjIZNB-EaI6y-rrTyEg_G/s562/William+Seymour+White.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="562" data-original-width="393" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipFvQVEk556XyYAEZ7VUV9YOsyCnhkp6V5AKqG0G667crOi7BhSHRzrDjzQXLSuvV6rz78-870V-gjXEQyyK5NhQ1mv7fFYZB5ruKXrIb-LEl8aitIhuWZ5MVgjIZNB-EaI6y-rrTyEg_G/s320/William+Seymour+White.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">William Seymour White (Ancestry)</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"> The lawyers who defended Jesse Stubbs were also at the top of their profession. St. George Rose Fitzhugh was counsel for the RF&P and PF&P Railroads and the Weems Steamboat Line, and had once been city attorney of Fredericksburg. Lee Jackson Graves, who grew up on a farm near the Stubbs's property, succeeded A.B. Rawlings as commonwealth's attorney in 1899.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRRk_a_Kohk57vxlkLroJaa2A7ekpGYM_ASLxdTDhIEG0Ggr8AfqD5V5FS4Ahyruc6oppncm6W5KDwcYJLhlx060G0kY0QPgrKjky4FS_F9unSndbrlFj4kXCW6t6D3p0-YK0TE-i2eHW5/s1591/lee+jackson+graves.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1550" data-original-width="1591" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRRk_a_Kohk57vxlkLroJaa2A7ekpGYM_ASLxdTDhIEG0Ggr8AfqD5V5FS4Ahyruc6oppncm6W5KDwcYJLhlx060G0kY0QPgrKjky4FS_F9unSndbrlFj4kXCW6t6D3p0-YK0TE-i2eHW5/s320/lee+jackson+graves.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Lee Jackson Graves</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"> During the trial, Jesse testified in his own defense. He said that Thomas was trying to get the carriage back on the track incorrectly. When he told Thomas he was going about it in the wrong way, Thomas "made a vulgar, insulting remark to him." He then told Comfort to get away from his saw mill. "He looked me square in the face in a defiant manner. I then struck him on the head with the stick I had in my hand. As he fell, I caught him to prevent him from falling on the saw."</div><div style="text-align: left;"> William Seymour White "then opened the case for the prosecution. Those who heard his efforts, many of them gentlemen of the highest culture, and much observation of the practice of law, pronounced his speech as one of the master efforts of the Spotsylvania bar in the memory of the oldest citizen."</div><div style="text-align: left;"> There is an old adage among lawyers who try cases in court that goes something like this: If the law is against you, argue the facts. If the facts are against you, argue the law. If both are against you, argue like hell. At the conclusion of Mr. White's speech, Mr. Fitzhugh argued like hell during a three hour tirade during which he presented to the members of the jury what he wanted them to believe was really at stake in this trial. From the November 9, 1889 <i>The Free Lance</i>: <br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"> "It was thought by many that the argument made by Mr. Fitzhugh was impolitic as it might have been from a standpoint of public policy, especially coming from him, a man who stands at the head of the bar of the State, and otherwise a representative in and of the important relations of life, yet it was the only alternative under the evidence in the case. Mr. Fitzhugh told the jury of the superiority of the white man over the negro. He held that the deceased was an insolent trespasser upon the rights of the prisoner, and that he therefore had a clear right to do what he did do, should it be construed that he intended to kill the negro; but that the evidence proved that there was no intention upon the part of the prisoner to take the life of the deceased, and where there is no evil intent, there can be no offense in law no matter what the result. He dealt severely with the character of the deceased, as being an impudent hater of the white race, and that as well as on previous occasions, he not only tried to domineer and declare himself the superior of the white man, but was there grossly insulting Mr. Stubbs upon his own premises. He held that nature never intended for the negro to enjoy the franchise of the white man. That whilst he was opposed to slavery, he was opposed to the enfranchisement of the negroes. That that was an occasion in which the verdict of the jury should teach the survivors of the dead negro what they may expect to become of them in such an altercation (or words to that effect). He went so far as to say that if the jury convicted Mr. Stubbs, that the negroes would put an interpretation upon it that would have to wiped out with blood. Such was the tenor and the line of Mr. Fitzhugh's argument."</div><div style="text-align: left;"> When St. George Fitzhugh finished his summation it was nearly midnight. Court was then adjourned and reconvened the following morning. After a brief consultation, the jury returned a verdict that Jesse Stubbs was guilty of involuntary manslaughter. He was fined $100 and released.</div><div style="text-align: left;"> Eight months after he was murdered, Thomas Comfort's youngest son was born. His widow named him in her late husband's honor.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">To read a short biography of Dr. John Duerson Pulliam, click here: <a href="http://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2014/12/dr-john-duerson-pulliam.html">http://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2014/12/dr-john-duerson-pulliam.html</a><br /></div></div>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-55409136080676871092020-07-08T17:01:00.002-04:002020-07-08T20:11:45.042-04:00Lewis Boggs and the Mule Incident at Livingston<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2lK6ceFqUnMfR1gwnCL6iVRcIBRQmfX1Fl03T2PTTSDT2ZcwhqVI1UcZR8mXjp8w2U0ASLADkcK93yztxNxRxpOlJ8rOUCpQDNO4CNZ-wFzfOxdx2wNhe059JreemuBwVqSiU5wis5xcl/s1109/lewis+a+boggs.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1109" data-original-width="866" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2lK6ceFqUnMfR1gwnCL6iVRcIBRQmfX1Fl03T2PTTSDT2ZcwhqVI1UcZR8mXjp8w2U0ASLADkcK93yztxNxRxpOlJ8rOUCpQDNO4CNZ-wFzfOxdx2wNhe059JreemuBwVqSiU5wis5xcl/s320/lewis+a+boggs.jpg" /><br /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Lewis Alexander Boggs (Ancestry)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Hugh Corrans Boggs was born in County Donegal, Ireland on June 6, 1763. His family emigrated to the United States, where in 1789 he was ordained as an Episcopal priest by the Right Reverend William White, Bishop of Pennsylvania. That same year, Reverend Boggs was appointed rector of the Berkley Parish in Virginia and served as the pastor at Mattoponi Church in King and Queen County until his death in 1828. Mattaponi was built as an Anglican church in the 1730s and still stands today as Mattoponi Baptist Church. During his years in Virginia he preached at a number of churches and taught at the Llangollen Academy in Spotsylvania.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTLPTQykpusCsFLB4mFTa0H4wPlXg0FOtMQNolJjoVAdN0q0MYi8Avgwy5oWIJrfT6lezlzjgYeQPIXQnalqsAA20xAV0S147Aw5XP4-WjXfKUrYGx1bRqCNkTEY5KI3msEPz-ASobNM8a/s1504/map.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="742" data-original-width="1504" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTLPTQykpusCsFLB4mFTa0H4wPlXg0FOtMQNolJjoVAdN0q0MYi8Avgwy5oWIJrfT6lezlzjgYeQPIXQnalqsAA20xAV0S147Aw5XP4-WjXfKUrYGx1bRqCNkTEY5KI3msEPz-ASobNM8a/s320/map.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Map detail of southern Spotsylvania County, 1863</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Reverend Boggs settled in Spotsylvania County, where he married Ann "Nancy" Holladay on December 29, 1796. He built a fine house called "Livingston" on land given to him and Nancy as a wedding gift by her father, Lewis Holladay. In the map detail above Livingston--denoted as "Boggs"--can be seen at center right They had one son, Lewis Alexander Boggs, who was born on December 27, 1811. When his father died in 1828, Lewis obtained possession of the pulpit Bible of Mattoponi Church which had been published in England in 1754.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdAd4l7f6xK5Bhyphenhyphen5tdiQngkvEu5_UeIWGxi5sBDF3lXzeU9MrR7oGf46_g3VGq0P5zOlRVU8e-Yvde9m1RcEoXd9m9iCG79XQdBZFNP-7xm65XB4zUuY8ETfgtckbbxub_KeHSuch4YUhM/s2048/Mattaponi_Baptist_Church_Virginia.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdAd4l7f6xK5Bhyphenhyphen5tdiQngkvEu5_UeIWGxi5sBDF3lXzeU9MrR7oGf46_g3VGq0P5zOlRVU8e-Yvde9m1RcEoXd9m9iCG79XQdBZFNP-7xm65XB4zUuY8ETfgtckbbxub_KeHSuch4YUhM/s320/Mattaponi_Baptist_Church_Virginia.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Mattoponi Baptist Church today (Wikipedia)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Lewis Boggs was married three times (he outlived all three wives) and was the father of eight children, all of whom lived to adulthood. Lewis lived at Livingston until his death on July 15, 1880. He was a man of great energy who contributed much to the civic life of Spotsylvania. He served as a lieutenant in the 16th Regiment of the Virginia Militia, was active in Whig politics, served for many years as justice of the peace and was a lay-delegate for the Berkeley Parish to many annual conventions of the Virginia Diocese. He served on the first vestry of Christ Church when it was built at Spotsylvania Court House in 1841. He donated the church Bible from Mattaponi to Christ Church, where it continued to be used as the pulpit Bible for many years, and is still brought out on special occasions. <br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjsMA-n0d1Ao9fGUujtOLcZmfQbIVg-VhNsMTXqIUfzObUol7GWpgk9Vw46zN7Pxk7MY1rgjsh_Arcz71NzL998AOwIbro0AyPTDHoHcfkxUS-GNGvFNEugLd8yubbMyWWSKQj-Hx-IaCg/s2048/Boggs+family+at+Livingston+1900.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1236" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjsMA-n0d1Ao9fGUujtOLcZmfQbIVg-VhNsMTXqIUfzObUol7GWpgk9Vw46zN7Pxk7MY1rgjsh_Arcz71NzL998AOwIbro0AyPTDHoHcfkxUS-GNGvFNEugLd8yubbMyWWSKQj-Hx-IaCg/s320/Boggs+family+at+Livingston+1900.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Lewis Boggs, Jr., and family at Livingston, 1900 (Ancestry)<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2lK6ceFqUnMfR1gwnCL6iVRcIBRQmfX1Fl03T2PTTSDT2ZcwhqVI1UcZR8mXjp8w2U0ASLADkcK93yztxNxRxpOlJ8rOUCpQDNO4CNZ-wFzfOxdx2wNhe059JreemuBwVqSiU5wis5xcl/s1109/lewis+a+boggs.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> For decades, Livingston was a large and prosperous farm, consisting of 2,000 acres, and as of 1860 it utilized the labor of 63 enslaved people. Among them was Julia Ross Frazier, who was born at Livingston about 1856. She, her parents and her 16 siblings accounted for almost one-third of the slaves at Livingston. By the 1930s, Julia was living at 311 Hawke Street in Fredericksburg, where she was interviewed by WPA researcher Claude W. Anderson on April 20, 1937.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> During her interview with Mr. Anderson, Julia remembered Lewis Boggs as a "good man. There wasn't any beating. My master wouldn't allow any." Julia's mother was the cook for the Boggs family, and Julia was put to work cleaning the house. She enjoyed dusting in Lewis's "reading room." She loved looking at his books when no one was around, even though she would not learn to read until after the Civil War. <br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Once the Ross family was emancipated, Julia's father took her and one of her sisters to Fredericksburg, a walk of some 20 miles, to get work. He found employment for Julia as a house servant for George Aler, a prominent citizen of the town who owned a brick manufactory, was Director of the Water Power Company, Superintendent of Streets and a member of the Fair Committee. He also had been for many years one of Fredericksburg's most active slave traders.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNky1X1jAKkPM5RW09211jtM-uiDJc24n2OcblZWlm18GnN4DiGeKe4264aVaHhhy1iZM3kaRhSVJ8fW6qD-gCpLVAP6rr4S-w3Q6QQ1I-Y21Pf_dez7biHrgYx8LHRaEUeXuIvw7gz72L/s842/FN+20+Jul+1849.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="442" data-original-width="842" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNky1X1jAKkPM5RW09211jtM-uiDJc24n2OcblZWlm18GnN4DiGeKe4264aVaHhhy1iZM3kaRhSVJ8fW6qD-gCpLVAP6rr4S-w3Q6QQ1I-Y21Pf_dez7biHrgYx8LHRaEUeXuIvw7gz72L/s320/FN+20+Jul+1849.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>Fredericksburg News <br /></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><br /></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Julia remembered this from her time with the Alers: "Man cussed every breath he took. Had a saint for a wife. He couldn't help it; just natural with him. One day he told me 'By God you go down and get so-and-so out of the closet.' His son was a doctor and I didn't know there was anything in the closet. I opened the door and a skeleton was hanging in there just a-shaking. I let out a whoop and fell right out. Did he laugh! Biggest joke he had in a long time."</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Another event from Julia's days at Livingston involved Lewis Boggs, his mule and a slave named Charlie:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> "One day Charlie saw old Marsa coming home with a keg of whiskey on his old mule. Cutting across the plowed field, the old mule slipped and Marsa come tumbling off. Marsa didn't know Charlie saw him, and Charlie didn't say nothing. But soon after a visitor came and Marsa called Charlie to the house to show off what he knew. Marsa say 'Come here, Charlie, and sing some rhymes for Mr. Henson.' Don't know no new ones, Marsa,' Charlie answered. 'Come on, you black rascal, give me a rhyme for my company--one he ain't heard.' So Charlie say, "All right, Marsa, I give you a new one if you promise not to whip me.' Marsa promised, and then Charlie sung the rhyme he done made up in his head about Marsa:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Jackass rared,</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Jackass pitch,</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Throwed old Marsa in the ditch.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> "Well, Marsa got mad as a hornet, but he did not whup Charlie, not that time anyway. And child, don't you know we used to set the floor to that there song? Mind you, never would sing when Marsa was around, but when he wasn't we'd swing all around the cabin singing about how old Marsa fell off the mule's back. Charlie had a bunch of verses:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Jackass stamped,</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Jackass neighed,</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Throwed old Marsa on his head.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> "Don't recollect all that smart slave made up. But everybody sure bust their sides laughing when Charlie sung the last verse:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Jackass stamped,</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Jackass hupped,</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Marsa hear you slave, you sure get whupped."</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Julia Ross Frazier was an active member of Shiloh Baptist Church (Old Site) in Fredericksburg. She founded the Church Aid Club there in 1921. She died shortly after her interview with Mr. Anderson, and is buried in the Shiloh Baptist Cemetery (Old) on Monument Avenue in Fredericksburg.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Sources:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><i>Weevils in the Wheat: Interviews with Virginia Ex-Slaves</i>. The University Press of Virginia, 1976.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattaponi_Church#/media/File:Mattaponi_Baptist_Church_Virginia.jpg">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattaponi_Church#/media/File:Mattaponi_Baptist_Church_Virginia.jpg</a><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.livingston-mckay.com/hon.-lewis-a.-boggs%2C-esq.html">http://www.livingston-mckay.com/hon.-lewis-a.-boggs%2C-esq.html</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.christchurchspotsy.com/about-us/history/">http://www.christchurchspotsy.com/about-us/history/</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.livingston-mckay.com/rev.-dr.-hugh-c.-boggs.html">http://www.livingston-mckay.com/rev.-dr.-hugh-c.-boggs.html</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://shiloholdsite.org/church-aid-club.html">http://shiloholdsite.org/church-aid-club.html</a><br /></div>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-52345105003745023692020-07-06T06:44:00.002-04:002020-07-06T14:13:51.248-04:00St. Julien and Bacchus White<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCA21gSwgFFvIMyJVThLTHbxVCb0nscXJopD6ty6S2133SXzyug2ZsL2q5O8Bwim_zlku7KppJ2hIuM_sVBsnORFEAPzWY1tJSA2gqF4ZOmvLOnM4Ktq15ohCIFMsfj8aCFZDjgvU6-xI2/s1746/francis+taliaferro+brooke.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1746" data-original-width="1393" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCA21gSwgFFvIMyJVThLTHbxVCb0nscXJopD6ty6S2133SXzyug2ZsL2q5O8Bwim_zlku7KppJ2hIuM_sVBsnORFEAPzWY1tJSA2gqF4ZOmvLOnM4Ktq15ohCIFMsfj8aCFZDjgvU6-xI2/s320/francis+taliaferro+brooke.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Francis Taliaferro Brooke</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Francis Taliaferro Brooke and his twin brother John were born at "Smithfield" in Spotsylvania County on August 27, 1763. During the American Revolution, Francis and John enlisted in Harrison's Regiment of Artillery and were commissioned as lieutenants. Francis first served with General Lafayette and then was an orderly on the staff of General Nathaniel Greene. After the Revolution, Francis studied law and was admitted to the Virginia bar in 1788. He practiced law for a few years in what is now West Virginia and then worked as a lawyer in Essex County. He was elected to the House of Delegates in 1794 and moved to Fredericksburg two years later. He won election to the Virginia Senate in 1800. He served in that body until 1811, when his fellow senators elected him to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, a post he held for the remaining forty years of his life. Francis was an intimate friend of George Washington, corresponded with Thomas Jefferson and frequently hosted Henry Clay at his home. <br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiihnhsz_peSN7pUjFf7OKI8KX_WULiJbSCI_fucngXXr0Ib30wJDpI28XNz1xCJaKoT3hBRmIRcidUsufEgPjSlQZkeeSCThDGzUsqcIvymW89Lfa_3uU0JwmnEXGYeoJTj4QALwZ18cuq/s1024/saint+julien+1930s.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="822" data-original-width="1024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiihnhsz_peSN7pUjFf7OKI8KX_WULiJbSCI_fucngXXr0Ib30wJDpI28XNz1xCJaKoT3hBRmIRcidUsufEgPjSlQZkeeSCThDGzUsqcIvymW89Lfa_3uU0JwmnEXGYeoJTj4QALwZ18cuq/s320/saint+julien+1930s.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGgZTjuf9NwwLDuMXPxVxiKV4IcB1-WxIL2duDiHZbIzpc6OeCmv6_9G4-ClyHl3k5A8Y2FX1CxDJDx_VC49orpC16QOv4-6GFB2X2oxMYUvNTs_hdBDng1Rn3KIqJNxjF9YTapkc0NiCE/s1024/St.+Julien+1930s.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="805" data-original-width="1024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGgZTjuf9NwwLDuMXPxVxiKV4IcB1-WxIL2duDiHZbIzpc6OeCmv6_9G4-ClyHl3k5A8Y2FX1CxDJDx_VC49orpC16QOv4-6GFB2X2oxMYUvNTs_hdBDng1Rn3KIqJNxjF9YTapkc0NiCE/s320/St.+Julien+1930s.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOp7s90W2bgOqu9a4OUS49MoSJbVVbLWSybKLos00sf6oD3jqPDPeON08IHbNN5b3DBlRpUZihAcTznyoAo-kTUiHLhhHvBANu9sHKh3cmpu3xe7WSPbmO_Y7vnhHa6vXoQonnsBtT2j7b/s1024/St.+Julen+1930%2527s.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="813" data-original-width="1024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOp7s90W2bgOqu9a4OUS49MoSJbVVbLWSybKLos00sf6oD3jqPDPeON08IHbNN5b3DBlRpUZihAcTznyoAo-kTUiHLhhHvBANu9sHKh3cmpu3xe7WSPbmO_Y7vnhHa6vXoQonnsBtT2j7b/s320/St.+Julen+1930%2527s.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">St. Julien, 1930s (Library of Congress)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> In 1796, Francis T. Brooke purchased 220 acres of the Belvediera property from the estate of William Daingerfield, located on what is now Route 2 a few miles southeast of Fredericksburg. In 1804 he built his home there, which he called St. Julien. This would be his home until his death in 1851, and then the home of his son Frances Edward Brooke and his family until 1874.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha0yPFmVrKWc4eTBy8kcmxJummM5weAJmf9FMrgKzBWAGPl_iw1qoKzFeikMdcB_Izlu7CM4dV1ZOSu1I-3k0oi7psPKMkTov0PguTFyawABzy7tIvwM3JnkYvLlVDUD-MwLjM1yMh4m8-/s782/FN+7+Mar+1851.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="444" data-original-width="782" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha0yPFmVrKWc4eTBy8kcmxJummM5weAJmf9FMrgKzBWAGPl_iw1qoKzFeikMdcB_Izlu7CM4dV1ZOSu1I-3k0oi7psPKMkTov0PguTFyawABzy7tIvwM3JnkYvLlVDUD-MwLjM1yMh4m8-/s320/FN+7+Mar+1851.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>Fredericksburg News </i>7 March 1851</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Francis Edward Brooke was born at St. Julien in 1813. He married Gabriella "Ella" Brockenbrough Ambler in Richmond in November 1837. They made their home at "Mill Farm," the Ambler place in Louisa County. After the death of his father in 1851, Francis appears to have divided his time between Mill Farm and St. Julien. The 1860 census shows that St. Julien had by then grown to 680 acres. Francis owned 46 slaves and had a net worth of $122,000, making him one of the wealthiest men in Spotsylvania County. <br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> One of the slaves in the Brooke household was Bacchus White, who was born in 1852. As a child, Bacchus understood that he would one day belong to Francis's daughter, Catherine Ambler Brooke, who was a couple of years older than Bacchus. In 1939, Bacchus was interviewed by WPA writer Susan Knox Gordon. He remembered with fondness his brief time with "Kathie": "I remember so well one day she took me and one of the other children, put us in the dining room, put me in the Master's place, and put the other child in the old Missus's place. She then went out and brought in the old Missus to see what was at her table. Miss Kathie would then stand and laugh." Catherine Ambler Brooke died on August 25, 1858 at the age of eight.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXbseMs6plNloPLo1boBzQVt0bZo_b1A601Es24N0z_7xvHEtbTBN0ZfdoUJINZxGDoOyQjCIf46fVK9qpEqDm1y0iEpYVZjeHdK7t8USDFSFVFlJ1sl5b9uByAMMp-45KBV48aOQmSw9j/s870/FN+27+Aug+1858.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="184" data-original-width="870" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXbseMs6plNloPLo1boBzQVt0bZo_b1A601Es24N0z_7xvHEtbTBN0ZfdoUJINZxGDoOyQjCIf46fVK9qpEqDm1y0iEpYVZjeHdK7t8USDFSFVFlJ1sl5b9uByAMMp-45KBV48aOQmSw9j/s320/FN+27+Aug+1858.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>Fredericksburg News </i>27 August 1858</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Another memory from those days involved Francis Edward Brooke: "I remember how old Master used to come out in his Prince Albert coat with long tails getting ready to go to town in his gig. He would come over to the [slave] quarters and we would catch hold of the tails of his coat and go back to the house swinging on his coat tails."</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> "Old Master had a grist mill and a blacksmith shop, and in the blacksmith shop they used to make everything for the farm on the place. My uncle was the blacksmith. I have seen two boys going to the field, one going and one coming back from the blacksmith shop with a plow point on his head. They always toted things on their heads."</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> "Mr. Friend, pastor of Grace [Episcopal] Church, white folks' church, christened me [this church was located in Caroline County at the intersection of Routes 2 and 610]. I intended to be an Episcopalian, but I never did. That day and time the colored people didn't have a colored church, so they always went to the white church, Round Oak [Baptist Church in Caroline County], and there was a place reserved for them."</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> "I remember so well after the War, when I was living with my father, we used to take two bushels of corn on our backs and walk seven miles to town, without ever taking them off their shoulders. We would get what we wanted for the corn, and then we would go back home. We didn't think nothing of that. We would wade right through Massaponax Creek, didn't think it was nothing. Then walk home seven miles."</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBgwnirWPutBYV4zBwji5BDfXEtNvLXBq4PfZ5CX5xA7-Mv_giP63QXXEqMFSIhs2Ls51EGbAchnlU8g2jgpdA_lYhhrMu7lmXGo9BZ_-jJXtPh9zq-aQhHSsh-gQoRVcXx2SPbCP6Du6N/s524/Gabriella+Brockenbrough+Ambler+Brooke.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="524" data-original-width="324" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBgwnirWPutBYV4zBwji5BDfXEtNvLXBq4PfZ5CX5xA7-Mv_giP63QXXEqMFSIhs2Ls51EGbAchnlU8g2jgpdA_lYhhrMu7lmXGo9BZ_-jJXtPh9zq-aQhHSsh-gQoRVcXx2SPbCP6Du6N/s320/Gabriella+Brockenbrough+Ambler+Brooke.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Ella Brockenbrough Ambler Brooke (Ancestry)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Francis Brooke and his wife Ella died within two weeks of each other in 1874--he on May 15 and she on May 30.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpsHDi4MneoVaEkklZR90Hms6asujeZF63NCgLcBDNApkv8hr0keBBCF1DXWZMntI7KXA1FHN7rctMJfVjzLL5SbWxnN93f3H4tbNVJYUEa43s-RosHiyKR31c5R4I5I_B-IbO4xNjlRlJ/s1010/FL+22+May+1874.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1010" data-original-width="730" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpsHDi4MneoVaEkklZR90Hms6asujeZF63NCgLcBDNApkv8hr0keBBCF1DXWZMntI7KXA1FHN7rctMJfVjzLL5SbWxnN93f3H4tbNVJYUEa43s-RosHiyKR31c5R4I5I_B-IbO4xNjlRlJ/s320/FL+22+May+1874.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>Fredericksburg Ledger </i>22 May 1874</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUyudfwfkqNHpqhU1fRUJNT7tLkPc3e32gtIoId5UBVaMO7bkYbSJsuXuL0x7nvIRejDrYF9NkqexTVCArWF7C-L7kz2veKQb0t16IDLmprW_2iWF_rVvSmAUiBOeDxcEEti2GjKuSBCZy/s738/FL+5+Jun+1874.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="738" data-original-width="716" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUyudfwfkqNHpqhU1fRUJNT7tLkPc3e32gtIoId5UBVaMO7bkYbSJsuXuL0x7nvIRejDrYF9NkqexTVCArWF7C-L7kz2veKQb0t16IDLmprW_2iWF_rVvSmAUiBOeDxcEEti2GjKuSBCZy/s320/FL+5+Jun+1874.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>Fredericksburg Ledger </i>6 June 1874</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Bacchus White married Susie Williams in 1882. They moved to Fredericksburg by the turn of the century and lived for a time on Wolf Street. They later bought a house at 512 Amelia Street. In 1900 Bacchus was working as a butler; in 1910 he was employed as a laborer. By 1920 he was working as a cook on the local steam boats. He later owned a restaurant on William Street.<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> When Bacchus was interviewed by Susan Knox Gordon in 1939, he was employed as a servant at Kenmore. This undated photograph shows him seated in the kitchen at Kenmore:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjriV4xIixGIpEE1kUQ-4pLCxf8GVTYot9YLBL2ignUkH5ptTIe2NmeskcfJSGz4u0SSCwmqRAF5irq3iBQY-rFwYjCZz2H0jTUkJXLjbtAnqfWfEHo8eEdqM9_ITJ1CL148RJPbNXAB6NB/s2492/Bacchus+White.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1092" data-original-width="2492" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjriV4xIixGIpEE1kUQ-4pLCxf8GVTYot9YLBL2ignUkH5ptTIe2NmeskcfJSGz4u0SSCwmqRAF5irq3iBQY-rFwYjCZz2H0jTUkJXLjbtAnqfWfEHo8eEdqM9_ITJ1CL148RJPbNXAB6NB/s320/Bacchus+White.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Susie Williams White died some time during the 1920s. Bacchus then married Lucinda Thornton, who lived until 1946.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBZmSsl2lDeWZWJJvvY97JBpnz0mJkUfd0R_JISN-FviZ-UQ8XFS5vXUrah0iO5jqB7tzkEsj6Nx5OvVdi9oRFaB8lvClDE553veB8xcbqW1AS1-wsrqrrvGXV5SrLlLc-KXqtmaLXhjgH/s1344/Bacchus+White.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1344" data-original-width="990" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBZmSsl2lDeWZWJJvvY97JBpnz0mJkUfd0R_JISN-FviZ-UQ8XFS5vXUrah0iO5jqB7tzkEsj6Nx5OvVdi9oRFaB8lvClDE553veB8xcbqW1AS1-wsrqrrvGXV5SrLlLc-KXqtmaLXhjgH/s320/Bacchus+White.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Bacchus White</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> Bacchus White died at his home on Amelia Street on July 16, 1954. For the last two days of his life he was attended by his neighbor, Dr. R.C. Ellison, who signed his death certificate. Bacchus is buried in Fredericksburg in the Shiloh Baptist Cemetery (Old) on Monument Avenue.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5Pg0tKqHlD88wYH9E73Po0vSBcoKCYuyF_X2DiB45ybji9wPhRSYYUwtlMQkPMi0S73n5gYEgy-mBikBkT8wu8Q1pxciArIgtKULfDXi0hbmGKfnyitlJo9OhHBpluwFU0-2gHlEpaNYi/s1344/Bacchus+White+obit.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1344" data-original-width="335" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5Pg0tKqHlD88wYH9E73Po0vSBcoKCYuyF_X2DiB45ybji9wPhRSYYUwtlMQkPMi0S73n5gYEgy-mBikBkT8wu8Q1pxciArIgtKULfDXi0hbmGKfnyitlJo9OhHBpluwFU0-2gHlEpaNYi/s320/Bacchus+White+obit.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Obituary of Bacchus White</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Sources: <br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><i>Weevils in the Wheat: Interviews with Virginia Ex-Slaves</i>. University of Virginia Press, 1976.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/088-0061_Saint_Julien_1975_Final_NRHP_Nomination.pdf">https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/088-0061_Saint_Julien_1975_Final_NRHP_Nomination.pdf</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://carmichael.lib.virginia.edu/browse/a6894d9a60755a650f5658e9125b221a.html">http://carmichael.lib.virginia.edu/browse/a6894d9a60755a650f5658e9125b221a.html</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/61360/47194_54729-00410/2628?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/159679515/person/212150476842/facts">https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/61360/47194_54729-00410/2628?backurl=https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/159679515/person/212150476842/facts</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://d4804za1f1gw.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/60/2018/06/30140542/Warner_Sprow.pdf">https://d4804za1f1gw.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/60/2018/06/30140542/Warner_Sprow.pdf</a><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div>Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-11288744845060910272020-04-01T03:27:00.001-04:002021-06-27T18:14:38.348-04:00The Story of General Jackson's Bed<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbG5h0GawiiOEqS02-MByoArlWaXDUyMK0TAT5pWg6vNlh3i6fxnD4omoquIylxJiMKHN2w2UarhkAjvuxSREiqlUGVObZwOkvI11ZH00Tpk1bhc_Bv5uOjXxyfQIj_ELEGTmykZJ1j_ob/s1600/bed.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="962" data-original-width="906" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbG5h0GawiiOEqS02-MByoArlWaXDUyMK0TAT5pWg6vNlh3i6fxnD4omoquIylxJiMKHN2w2UarhkAjvuxSREiqlUGVObZwOkvI11ZH00Tpk1bhc_Bv5uOjXxyfQIj_ELEGTmykZJ1j_ob/s320/bed.png" width="301" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The bed in which Stonewall Jackson died (National Park Service)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The story of the bed in which General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson died in May 1863 is a convoluted tale, full of unexpected twists and turns. This historical artifact was moved about over the years, from Caroline to Spotsylvania County, to Fredericksburg, back to Spotsylvania, then to Richmond and then back to Caroline County once again. But to begin at the beginning, we must first start at Oakley.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3VmU_bjHV9pTTDtlaZuDJzUN-OQgELP8cE55TNeNeoJhwg46ceMRGMljz2em9u7tD5100uwlHPhS8OHxCMNzxHwuHwZCs2W91tbkUAf04BmqkH7g3i825_TXWtnE614wsQI-PArHWnA4B/s1600/Oakley+1935+Francis+Benj+Johnston.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="738" data-original-width="930" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3VmU_bjHV9pTTDtlaZuDJzUN-OQgELP8cE55TNeNeoJhwg46ceMRGMljz2em9u7tD5100uwlHPhS8OHxCMNzxHwuHwZCs2W91tbkUAf04BmqkH7g3i825_TXWtnE614wsQI-PArHWnA4B/s320/Oakley+1935+Francis+Benj+Johnston.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Oakley, 1935 (Frances Benjamin Johnston)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
In 1816, Spotsylvania builder Samuel Alsop, Jr., bought an 849-acre tract of land on Catharpin Road located between the future sites of Todd's Tavern and Shady Grove Methodist Church. About 1826 Samuel built a brick house on this property and gave it to his daughter Clementina and her husband, Thomas Coleman Chandler (1798-1890). This was Oakley.<br />
In 1839, Thomas Chandler sold Oakley to Enoch Gridley and moved to Fairfield, a large plantation in northwestern Caroline County near the future Guineys' Station. In the 1863 map detail shown below, "Chandler" can be seen just northeast of "Guinea Sta."<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRzjxPCJTOPPCJJOKWYZToJxRz-jg4-iVqA43CdQ8JNQg0voff4PyhFaWZEGjcvkQECkEKYosNx3Z5dnT_cCtGmuerx200v54u3A5VUo78zOx3i1xK353qQcO5MLxzkZLJZ_bFsYBfmHme/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-04-01+at+1.05.15+AM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="914" data-original-width="1200" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRzjxPCJTOPPCJJOKWYZToJxRz-jg4-iVqA43CdQ8JNQg0voff4PyhFaWZEGjcvkQECkEKYosNx3Z5dnT_cCtGmuerx200v54u3A5VUo78zOx3i1xK353qQcO5MLxzkZLJZ_bFsYBfmHme/s320/Screen+Shot+2020-04-01+at+1.05.15+AM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Location of Thomas Chandler's home, 1863</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyvSx4GuA86g0rYyrnKipEj-tGlvMCz1FaaBTK3Xso4BKdZl7j0UBSxLdZhgTXGhM-FX0MG9JYNeJZTQ17cYVd8N8arQ9avYajCgg-xYVjXgXcTg7Kk2XSyuZisZpDMfIMwLUrdBGbGzBT/s1600/War-comes-to-fairfield_8782.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="706" data-original-width="1040" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyvSx4GuA86g0rYyrnKipEj-tGlvMCz1FaaBTK3Xso4BKdZl7j0UBSxLdZhgTXGhM-FX0MG9JYNeJZTQ17cYVd8N8arQ9avYajCgg-xYVjXgXcTg7Kk2XSyuZisZpDMfIMwLUrdBGbGzBT/s320/War-comes-to-fairfield_8782.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wayside marker depicting Fairfield (National Park Service)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
Before her death in 1844, Clementina had six children with Thomas. A few years after her death, Thomas married Mary Elizabeth Frazer, with whom he had another four children. On the eve of the Civil War, Thomas and Mary were living at Farifield with their children, plus Thomas's youngest two children from his first marriage. Also at Fairfield were 62 enslaved people (an additional six were hired out in Spotsylvania County).<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH55OE8sq9fNtpRPsUql0xL7s9hHYDvHucgZibUNYKt6IJ7PgJUMsAXVBsPd0Xy1LoEacpOMvMjwuBFWtVq5cnSmIo6bHiqfjwO1esSLIbLEwpIcjSfVJvy-NNTzBGFhc9W4akviNxAilB/s1600/Stonewall_Jackson.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1104" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH55OE8sq9fNtpRPsUql0xL7s9hHYDvHucgZibUNYKt6IJ7PgJUMsAXVBsPd0Xy1LoEacpOMvMjwuBFWtVq5cnSmIo6bHiqfjwO1esSLIbLEwpIcjSfVJvy-NNTzBGFhc9W4akviNxAilB/s320/Stonewall_Jackson.jpg" width="220" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
During the winter of 1862-1863, General Jackson made his headquarters at Fairfield. While there, he and his family became close friends with the Chandlers. Just a few months later, on the evening of May 2, 1863, Jackson was accidentally wounded by a volley of musketry fired by North Carolina troops during the Battle of Chancellorsville. Jackson was taken to the field hospital set up near Wilderness Tavern, where his left arm was amputated by Dr. Hunter McGuire, chief surgeon of the 2nd Corps.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW0E1zrcKdo6j5hz64msPmThxDt_5gpS7BJQ1GyZfK2zmAbaqr7b9PweUTiWekquNCydc8vQ8mPV7RAVmUbnO5cJPcPeieN3jYwJcqh7RsFgDmaHD9VuzCjpb_EQGiFSPgUv6mgySga2v-/s1600/Dr.+Hunter+Mcguire.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="392" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW0E1zrcKdo6j5hz64msPmThxDt_5gpS7BJQ1GyZfK2zmAbaqr7b9PweUTiWekquNCydc8vQ8mPV7RAVmUbnO5cJPcPeieN3jYwJcqh7RsFgDmaHD9VuzCjpb_EQGiFSPgUv6mgySga2v-/s320/Dr.+Hunter+Mcguire.jpg" width="245" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dr. Hunter McGuire</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Early on May 4, Jackson was placed in an ambulance and, accompanied by a military escort, was driven southeast toward Caroline County. This group traveled down what is now known as Massaponax Church Road and then Guinea Station Road to Fairfield. A bed and some other small comforts were brought out of the Chandler house and placed in the nearby plantation office building. Here it was hoped that Jackson could recover his strength while arrangements were made to send a train from Richmond to take him there to convalesce. Instead, Jackson's health rapidly declined, and he died of pneumonia on May 10, 1863. His body was placed in a rough coffin made by Confederate soldiers, and the following day a train arrived to take him to Richmond for <a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2019/10/the-funerals-of-stonewall-jackson.html">the first of his two funerals</a>.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5CO1NkO4Rx0CiiY8-R_7JFYj3vNWmRJrfRKRTm9xX5aYplfVL5HnFzdnAWnuVzSkuy7FHV6uBZeztOSljpS7SG130XtknyUsDG5twXhnW3YnqhI8Ir71Yq3qO2iTNnIVgKkS0YBerkasL/s1600/Jackson+house.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1041" data-original-width="1280" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5CO1NkO4Rx0CiiY8-R_7JFYj3vNWmRJrfRKRTm9xX5aYplfVL5HnFzdnAWnuVzSkuy7FHV6uBZeztOSljpS7SG130XtknyUsDG5twXhnW3YnqhI8Ir71Yq3qO2iTNnIVgKkS0YBerkasL/s320/Jackson+house.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The building in which Stonewall Jackson died (Confederate Memorial Literary Society)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
In November 1853, Ann Trippe Slaughter (1828-1873) of Rappahannock County married Caroline County native Dr. Alfred Jackson "Jack" Boulware (1828-1870). Jack's father, Gray Boulware, then built a house for himself on Guinea Station Road in eastern Spotsylvania County. When the house was finished in 1855, Jack and Ann also moved to <a href="https://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2019/11/la-vista.html">La Vista</a>, as this place came to be known. They had three children together. Only one, McCalla, survived to adulthood. The ambulance that carried General Jackson to Fairfield passed by this house. In the photograph below, Jack and Ann Boulware and their children are seen on the porch of La Vista with several of their slaves.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWTgv7PSIvtc3zwBHc4C8ErNN_1aBkrjztvRgg6wSzprvOkWPPNjDp5CIwhgEhN-FZzwZEjY9VCM6AYPsaZgoPi5_lhQ_TneWhM43jnDvsC5CDZaOow0yh-wKGjQRCdHJtnwmsCBeyxyj5/s1600/La+Vista.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1600" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWTgv7PSIvtc3zwBHc4C8ErNN_1aBkrjztvRgg6wSzprvOkWPPNjDp5CIwhgEhN-FZzwZEjY9VCM6AYPsaZgoPi5_lhQ_TneWhM43jnDvsC5CDZaOow0yh-wKGjQRCdHJtnwmsCBeyxyj5/s320/La+Vista.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">La Vista, 1858 (Encyclopedia of Virginia)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfuHy9-jFDP5ZXsIBl52UJe4sU686Y1mdUGB41Yi5fyzN_gzW45gNxpCcEgjjYR7IQruo0FOhSoSRGPZshL_a2Rjcp5CcJML2Y-fBsOaeeaMd1z-Kre2ZgoK53HzcPUjf8f4ogSbdi16n1/s1600/IMG_2077.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfuHy9-jFDP5ZXsIBl52UJe4sU686Y1mdUGB41Yi5fyzN_gzW45gNxpCcEgjjYR7IQruo0FOhSoSRGPZshL_a2Rjcp5CcJML2Y-fBsOaeeaMd1z-Kre2ZgoK53HzcPUjf8f4ogSbdi16n1/s320/IMG_2077.jpeg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ann Slaughter Boulware (Michele Schiesser)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEyoiHDEzowVAu5cW-qq1JUOQHeoFblo_envpe-Os-AxwYR7NV7NOqCnzo6qYAVJpzhLpiI9x3-g4matUf_Hc2o7JYCOR363v4DIsAw_C37tjwzrfgSbrYfmJgGNSdNbkyL5HsRXa7dRcv/s1600/Young+AJ.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="910" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEyoiHDEzowVAu5cW-qq1JUOQHeoFblo_envpe-Os-AxwYR7NV7NOqCnzo6qYAVJpzhLpiI9x3-g4matUf_Hc2o7JYCOR363v4DIsAw_C37tjwzrfgSbrYfmJgGNSdNbkyL5HsRXa7dRcv/s320/Young+AJ.jpeg" width="227" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dr. Alfred Jackson Boulware (Michele Schiesser)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
On the eve of the Civil War, Jack Boulware was one of Spotsylvania's wealthier citizens. But he and his family suffered just like most of the regions inhabitants during the war, which ruined Jack financially and likely shortened his life.<br />
In the months following the collapse of the Confederacy, a determined effort was made to locate the remains of the hundreds of dead Union soldiers which lay scattered on the battlefields of Spotsylvania County. Hundreds of volunteer arrived in Spotsylvania to do this work. The federal government established the National Cemetery in Fredericksburg to receive the Union dead. The mostly destitute citizens of Spotsylvania assumed the burden of providing a fitting burial spot for fallen Confederate soldiers--they would get no help from the national government.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb3CvP5AbBklWAwVAgJ3JKMWvRlFN1Px9UJDeyc-Hpvuf2d6wLyKrR03dcG-3N7JDadNLQNnI4YhqkefuyNT-d_HfzeqMd3smYf6RtuayLysL7hzothaVMyyHXzWO9WQuPANDyM9OXb1TJ/s1600/JOHN+MOORE+MCCALLA.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1107" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb3CvP5AbBklWAwVAgJ3JKMWvRlFN1Px9UJDeyc-Hpvuf2d6wLyKrR03dcG-3N7JDadNLQNnI4YhqkefuyNT-d_HfzeqMd3smYf6RtuayLysL7hzothaVMyyHXzWO9WQuPANDyM9OXb1TJ/s320/JOHN+MOORE+MCCALLA.jpeg" width="276" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Moore McCalla (Ted Goldsborough)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
In June 1866, Jack and Ann Boulware were visited by Jack's old friend, Dr. John Moore McCalla, Jr., of Washington, D.C. While he was a student at Columbian College in Washington in the late 1840s, Jack had a romantic relationship with with John McCalla (and later named his son in his honor). Their friendship endured until Jack's death in 1870.<br />
On June 16, 1866, John accompanied Jack and Ann to Spotsylvania Court House to attend a meeting to organize the Spotsylvania Ladies' Memorial Association. The goals of the Association were to raise funds to buy land for a Confederate Cemetery near the court house, to locate the remains of the Confederate soldiers at the local battlefields and to transport them to the new cemetery. Ann Boulware was elected as the first president of the Association.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVT9aEL-YAHTqceaDGZx9sNtytOvM6FEQ80Wy8TknkgPWFtF0gDmmCsQ-rdJQpreWnm0hYNfZggr769f_cdS_cSIYvaAYgYut1dBP5Yzy5CF_Aj20fDPKDEW6XtD2LXJk9DKCNH9fiyei-/s1600/RDD+18+June+1866.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1306" data-original-width="520" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVT9aEL-YAHTqceaDGZx9sNtytOvM6FEQ80Wy8TknkgPWFtF0gDmmCsQ-rdJQpreWnm0hYNfZggr769f_cdS_cSIYvaAYgYut1dBP5Yzy5CF_Aj20fDPKDEW6XtD2LXJk9DKCNH9fiyei-/s320/RDD+18+June+1866.png" width="127" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Richmond Daily Dispatch </i>18 June 1866<br /><i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipGz1i-Nf_dhQGw8oQLn7uHe9T9i_hTJUMc2B0ooJ04eRBt-bTXbD531kq3i0hZ615iKBUPgjGBGSm5uUArq5kB6Ij_bYREG5cam_f-qBhryjrLccMYeRfI9ZZjORlSeOlPdR0WxVT0XOb/s1600/F%2527burg+Ledger+20+Nov+1866.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="334" data-original-width="658" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipGz1i-Nf_dhQGw8oQLn7uHe9T9i_hTJUMc2B0ooJ04eRBt-bTXbD531kq3i0hZ615iKBUPgjGBGSm5uUArq5kB6Ij_bYREG5cam_f-qBhryjrLccMYeRfI9ZZjORlSeOlPdR0WxVT0XOb/s320/F%2527burg+Ledger+20+Nov+1866.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Fredericksburg Ledger </i>20 November 1866<br /><i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLIr1Fl-s8ohi8nez-3HEmhbGbR-MI-U3PBzMnw9Zq17HuekPGqF9Aph6sLm3gSmXdwRFoPnaJEY_5HkfoU7MBam4Yf8ZbXcZQ0Ar1Wkj8DqVmbQ9-_Ubx1QvxrJ0GOufhd6Vqgow77Mqb/s1600/DD+20+Jun+1868.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="280" data-original-width="510" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLIr1Fl-s8ohi8nez-3HEmhbGbR-MI-U3PBzMnw9Zq17HuekPGqF9Aph6sLm3gSmXdwRFoPnaJEY_5HkfoU7MBam4Yf8ZbXcZQ0Ar1Wkj8DqVmbQ9-_Ubx1QvxrJ0GOufhd6Vqgow77Mqb/s320/DD+20+Jun+1868.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Richmond Daily Dispatch </i>20 June 1866<br /><i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Two days after the meeting at the court house, John, Jack and Ann rode in an open wagon to Fairfield, the farm of Thomas Chandler, who had offered to donate the death bed of General Jackson to the Association in order that its sale might help raise money for the cemetery and the re-internment of the soldiers' remains. John noted in his diary that an adult daughter of Thomas (most likely Mary Chandler) gave the bed to him. When John departed for Washington the next day, he left the bed in the care of the Boulwares and began to seek a buyer for it. In one such early effort, John approached an agent of the museum of Phineas T. Barnum, but a sale was not made.<br />
As it turned out, money from the sale of the bed was not needed by the Association. Joseph Sanford, owner of the landmark inn at Spotsylvania Court House, donated land for the cemetery to the Association. Sufficient money was raised to pay Sanford one dollar for each set of Confederate remains transported to the new Confederate Cemetery. Ultimately, 570 soldiers were buried there, according to Virginia Wright Durrette's book "From Generation to Generation."<br />
During the 1880s, Rufus Bainbridge Merchant, owner of the <i>Virginia Star</i> newspaper in Fredericksburg, started a fund-raising effort to erect a monument to General Jackson at the Chancellorsville battlefield. Once again, the idea of selling the death bed was proposed to help cover the cost of the monument. McCalla Boulware loaned the bed to Merchant for that purpose, and the disassembled bed remained at the <i>Star's</i> office for some time. Once again, sufficient money was raised for the monument and it was not necessary to sell the bed.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixxp-Mn0Ca76-xrecWYU5hcsyntvJQPYUA83bI-7djyHa9VzXAmKvQ6w3gxC9q_KisVt3_oJ-m4ty55tbuqPoMSnoGg0q29U5lrDKuDuZv-yr4d_yE0S935jw9lbe-NxUHRGg40wbnIZTf/s1600/DS+1+Mar+1900-1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1272" data-original-width="704" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixxp-Mn0Ca76-xrecWYU5hcsyntvJQPYUA83bI-7djyHa9VzXAmKvQ6w3gxC9q_KisVt3_oJ-m4ty55tbuqPoMSnoGg0q29U5lrDKuDuZv-yr4d_yE0S935jw9lbe-NxUHRGg40wbnIZTf/s320/DS+1+Mar+1900-1.png" width="177" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzNiAhO0zKGepv-1KuLSR3g6MZ5EQ2nT4aiwYjFTlXSfWKMBHfy8erlQh76l92I6s1oCvjmfoiZe9pY1ouFdm1cw4oidc0Z4SfaaqKadK9_AZvq1tOkwn81OswPc9X-2F8LnZ813wZEtsm/s1600/DS+1+Mar+1900-2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="896" data-original-width="672" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzNiAhO0zKGepv-1KuLSR3g6MZ5EQ2nT4aiwYjFTlXSfWKMBHfy8erlQh76l92I6s1oCvjmfoiZe9pY1ouFdm1cw4oidc0Z4SfaaqKadK9_AZvq1tOkwn81OswPc9X-2F8LnZ813wZEtsm/s320/DS+1+Mar+1900-2.png" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1t3ZzD_i9rD9dld41pHpsO7RZfwr4sBqPiTaOFQzJztNXbpNI2ULNCk6MfiGKRsLaWIqVOmRDpSAD330bhAwC5zz045ok6EPCVtwU6ARt1Tw56ZOG48s9xFgQ05s4fLgxxCSiNkOEDwkx/s1600/DS+1+Mar+1900-3.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="718" data-original-width="688" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1t3ZzD_i9rD9dld41pHpsO7RZfwr4sBqPiTaOFQzJztNXbpNI2ULNCk6MfiGKRsLaWIqVOmRDpSAD330bhAwC5zz045ok6EPCVtwU6ARt1Tw56ZOG48s9xFgQ05s4fLgxxCSiNkOEDwkx/s320/DS+1+Mar+1900-3.png" width="306" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Daily Star </i>1 March 1900<br /><i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Once the bed came back to La Vista, it remained in McCalla's possession until 1900, when he gave it to Dr. Hunter McGuire, the physician who had amputated General Jackson's left arm in 1863. McCalla wished for the bed to be given to the Stonewall Jackson Memorial Association, which Dr. McGuire had established. The Association, in turn, gave the bed to the Museum of the Confederacy in Richmond, which had been founded by the Confederate Memorial Literary Society a few years previously. The bed remained in storage at the museum until 1927, when it was turned over to the National Park Service. Today the bed is on display in the building where Jackson died, at the recently renamed Stonewall Jackson Death Site.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgubX9kC_IaEhr78f3ZG7z6S29xWHPu0OjiGpycMnWVlIYvI_8ovTvfle3q2KTH9nJ7A7J1hYb1aYBwaa4MXY9whVgMzcEdO8wZ-aCwua6FUF2L-ANr68dh27yZnCTTIIvpdzo1WvEa6yni/s1600/Southern+Planter+and++Farmer%252C+vol+61%252C+1900.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1054" data-original-width="430" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgubX9kC_IaEhr78f3ZG7z6S29xWHPu0OjiGpycMnWVlIYvI_8ovTvfle3q2KTH9nJ7A7J1hYb1aYBwaa4MXY9whVgMzcEdO8wZ-aCwua6FUF2L-ANr68dh27yZnCTTIIvpdzo1WvEa6yni/s320/Southern+Planter+and++Farmer%252C+vol+61%252C+1900.png" width="130" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Southern Planter and Farmer</i>, Volume 61, 1900<br /><i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Once Joseph Sanford had finished his task of transporting the bodies of Confederate soldiers to the cemetery near the court house, little is heard about the Spotsylvania Ladies' Memorial Association for many years. On May 31, 1918, the entry gate and monument were dedicated to the Confederate Cemetery in a well-attended ceremony.<br />
During all the years since the cemetery's inception in 1866, the graves of the soldiers there had been marked with simple wooden posts. In 1930, Congress passed legislation which authorized the United States to make available headstones for Confederate graves upon request. The government would furnish the inscribed stones, made of Vermont marble, and pay transportation costs to the nearest depot.<br />
In due course, 531 headstones were ordered by the Association and shipped to Fredericksburg. The Association raised money to pay for the transportation of the stones to the cemetery and for their placement at the graves. Once that work was completed, a dedication ceremony was held at the Spotsylvania Confederate Cemetery on May 12, 1931--the 67th anniversary of the day of the heaviest fighting during the battles near Spotsylvania Court House.<br />
<br />
<br />
Many thanks to Michele Schiesser, who generously provided images and background information on the history of La Vista, her home.<br />
<br />
My other primary source of information was <i>From Generation to Generation: The Confederate Cemetery at Spotsylvania Court House</i>, written by Virginia Wright Durrette in 1992 <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-77540966593322376602020-03-17T04:40:00.000-04:002020-03-19T16:42:00.472-04:00Richard Lewis Todd<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgks2ZZgkUotsxIfROoslKeGz4qhi4iFilnwY2suMitYpzt4M6EPkuvP_XAau8ag8_33kC7dxlxqNGR7GhbL4lrYl_Xl0qgneQdbtcAGMo6oz2adWemUytf1pNmcStxjV9lkQv9BdyC1cE/s1600/Richard+Lewis+Todd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="615" data-original-width="474" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgks2ZZgkUotsxIfROoslKeGz4qhi4iFilnwY2suMitYpzt4M6EPkuvP_XAau8ag8_33kC7dxlxqNGR7GhbL4lrYl_Xl0qgneQdbtcAGMo6oz2adWemUytf1pNmcStxjV9lkQv9BdyC1cE/s320/Richard+Lewis+Todd.jpg" width="246" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Richard Lewis Todd while (Courtesy of Turnley Todd, Jr.)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Charles M. Todd (1797-c. 1850) married Caroline Matilda Richards (1804-1885) in Spotsylvania County on March 2, 1824. Over a fourteen-year period they had seven children who survived to adulthood: Esme Smock (b. 1825), Mary Richards (b. 1826), James Thomas (b. 1830), Sarah Ann (b. 1832), Charles Robert (b. 1833), Richard Lewis (b. 1836) and Oscar Beadles (b. 1839).<br />
Charles M. Todd was a farmer, slave owner and postmaster at Todd's Tavern from February 1838 until March 1850, when he was replaced by William H. Jones. Although I have not found any mention of Charles's death in the written record, the fact that he was replaced as postmaster and that his name does not appear in the 1850 federal census leads me to believe that he died early in 1850. The Todd name will forever be attached the tavern and post office once run by Charles Todd.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikU8fa9KByYF4QkvJTH3QFrQyIOx5NhUIJHAaOPpWE1xZLxC26fJK6SlTxCfdmAdQMIGluuYchLPkctOlojF4CWbdujk5RAHPnQzs7vVGyYZuUXnBh4s3eD8x6Kz1QzQqNtpFtbgSeTwXn/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-03-15+at+9.16.05+AM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1497" data-original-width="1600" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikU8fa9KByYF4QkvJTH3QFrQyIOx5NhUIJHAaOPpWE1xZLxC26fJK6SlTxCfdmAdQMIGluuYchLPkctOlojF4CWbdujk5RAHPnQzs7vVGyYZuUXnBh4s3eD8x6Kz1QzQqNtpFtbgSeTwXn/s320/Screen+Shot+2020-03-15+at+9.16.05+AM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Todd's Tavern, April 1866 (Confederate Memorial Literary Society)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Caroline Todd became head of the household upon Charles's death. Four of her children were still living with her at that time--Mary, Robert, Richard and Oscar. Esme had moved to St. Joseph, Missouri, where he died in 1852. James Thomas was living in Fredericksburg where he worked as a clerk. Sarah Ann is not listed in her mother's household in the 1850 census, but she is shown living with her mother in 1860. James Thomas Todd married Louisa Brice Stringfellow in 1854. Sometime before 1860 they moved to Montgomery, Alabama where they lived for the rest of their lives. I have told their story in a previous post, which can be read <a href="http://spotsylvaniamemory.blogspot.com/2013/07/five-sisters.html">here</a>.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1fhqpydgHDz-mL0pMZdDPZSYKFNXFEfH5DHsU1uh6EOMuT4DRQfCw2o043Zo3Fp3qCQ_P-UczuUxX3eZxAseQylz2PFKeOlKgSmfzIMZrFdhW4HPIF6jv_UZGGsJxm8nA29GAWfokcRZN/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-03-14+at+6.18.29+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="993" data-original-width="1600" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1fhqpydgHDz-mL0pMZdDPZSYKFNXFEfH5DHsU1uh6EOMuT4DRQfCw2o043Zo3Fp3qCQ_P-UczuUxX3eZxAseQylz2PFKeOlKgSmfzIMZrFdhW4HPIF6jv_UZGGsJxm8nA29GAWfokcRZN/s320/Screen+Shot+2020-03-14+at+6.18.29+PM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1863 map detail showing location of Caroline Todd's farm</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
In 1850, Caroline Todd bought half of "Canwick," including the 18th-century house, that had once been the property of Daniel and Sarah Hyde. To say that the Hydes did not get along would be an understatement. Relations between them became so contentious that a line was drawn through the center hall of the house, down the back steps, through the back yard and out to the spring. Daniel kept to his half of the property, and Sarah stayed on her side. The two halves of Canwick were conveyed seprately to their son Richard after their deaths. Although Caroline bought only half the acreage of Canwick, she did have title to the house itself.<br />
The three Todd sons remaining at Canwick at the outbreak of the Civil War enlisted in the Confederate army. Richard joined Company E of the 9th Virginia Cavalry at Camp Potomac in King George County on September 4, 1861. Richard became sick soon after his enlistment but recovered quickly and rejoined his regiment. The record shows that Richard was thereafter marked present on the surviving muster rolls and avoided capture and wounds.<br />
Oscar was not quite so fortunate as Richard. He joined his brother's company on March 10, 1862. His arm was broken in November 1862 and he did not return to duty until early 1863. He was marked as absent without leave in September 1863, then as absent due to sickness in January 1864. In March 1864 he was listed as "absent wounded," and remained at that status until the last known muster roll dated January 20, 1865.<br />
Robert Todd enlisted in the Fredericksburg Light Artillery on April 1, 1862. He was killed while fighting at the Battle of Darbytown and New Market Roads near Richmond on October 7, 1864. <br />
After the war, Richard and Oscar returned to their mother's home in Spotsylvania. Oscar married Susan Ellinor Stephens in January 1869. Sarah Ann Todd married Thomas Downer in 1871. Richard, seemingly a confirmed bachelor at the time, remained on his mother's farm.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrO5FvMXXGDrrX8pNiKkQKP1cmYn9D0pPG39xPTCQtE8cAAFNmdb0gGjzQeAaAkKDR0kBOtV9T3QoIFUwEbm8Fm7ngsqabykI1SFnwKF2rKHhiou1WweYvQJaA92JgPwV1bcWM54cGJJ1j/s1600/Richard+Lewis+Todd.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="553" data-original-width="435" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrO5FvMXXGDrrX8pNiKkQKP1cmYn9D0pPG39xPTCQtE8cAAFNmdb0gGjzQeAaAkKDR0kBOtV9T3QoIFUwEbm8Fm7ngsqabykI1SFnwKF2rKHhiou1WweYvQJaA92JgPwV1bcWM54cGJJ1j/s320/Richard+Lewis+Todd.jpeg" width="251" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Richard Lewis Todd (Courtesy of Skip Ebaugh)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
At long last, on January 26, 1882, 46-year-old Richard Lewis Todd married 23-year-old Robertine Temple Scott in a ceremony officiated by Reverend Melzi Sanford Chancellor. They had four children together--James Thomas (1883-1950), William Day (1885-1952), Susie Walton (1888-1926), and Richard Beadles (1894-1918).<br />
Richard was a lifelong friend and neighbor of my great-grandfather, George Washington Estes Row. During the first year of the Civil War, they served together in the 9th Cavalry. Richard's signature appears on this receipt given to George in 1876.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkK7c7zWHsF2DWOBmgeDw6ViLKS0sXJRJ7Ach9jRVWUBUAzdnNr4HeVSrQXFbQuwzqHjj9nxM0iqhD9pBMIfEuj7kbN4jf4-wcq-NVYitZZoJk3D4ga050KMQjuJmQ9_fzEx2cV_tPMGUE/s1600/RLTodd+receipt+1876+2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="654" data-original-width="1280" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkK7c7zWHsF2DWOBmgeDw6ViLKS0sXJRJ7Ach9jRVWUBUAzdnNr4HeVSrQXFbQuwzqHjj9nxM0iqhD9pBMIfEuj7kbN4jf4-wcq-NVYitZZoJk3D4ga050KMQjuJmQ9_fzEx2cV_tPMGUE/s320/RLTodd+receipt+1876+2.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After his mother's death in 1885, Richard became the owner of her portion of Canwick, and over time he took steps to reunite both halves of the once divided property. Canwick would remain in the Todd family until 1919, when Robertine sold it to Aubrey Haney. He and his wife Lily Foster would live there for the rest of her lives.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3oQmTW6wImfge2Spj7FLMP0_un-fqAIvS90YmyHeOK0gbibK-b2yEgHhKFbxThDDGIlYVBN1yEZ2l0mL9FQ_iBWBC8ZO6kTFZ9_3imabRcA4pCKXm_py0f_2YFT_2ygVWD-s0nSxvrVP3/s1600/R.L.+Todd+and+family.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1064" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3oQmTW6wImfge2Spj7FLMP0_un-fqAIvS90YmyHeOK0gbibK-b2yEgHhKFbxThDDGIlYVBN1yEZ2l0mL9FQ_iBWBC8ZO6kTFZ9_3imabRcA4pCKXm_py0f_2YFT_2ygVWD-s0nSxvrVP3/s320/R.L.+Todd+and+family.jpeg" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Richard Lewis Todd and family, 1890s (Courtesy of Turnley Todd, Jr.)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
About 1900 Richard posed with a group of Spotsylvania's leading citizens in a photograph taken at Christ Church near the court house. The caption indicates that Richard is standing fifth from the right:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvMZI3hlDVkzB4kyOAu4veMjtizdSGYVhYhTq3me1WhyphenhyphenMK3L3yn1hKySeS4z3dBk7B5Ne1KfWNr-TM6fIZGuO4em-Xz6Gw2XyuTrDJSWG-X7gr80_bcURrd3V-uSgJu-IWeK0lhdNc9FM5/s1600/e23d3fa7-2f89-4762-9b14-843d9257e83d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1098" data-original-width="1280" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvMZI3hlDVkzB4kyOAu4veMjtizdSGYVhYhTq3me1WhyphenhyphenMK3L3yn1hKySeS4z3dBk7B5Ne1KfWNr-TM6fIZGuO4em-Xz6Gw2XyuTrDJSWG-X7gr80_bcURrd3V-uSgJu-IWeK0lhdNc9FM5/s320/e23d3fa7-2f89-4762-9b14-843d9257e83d.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
In the early 1900s Richard's name appeared in the local newspapers, but the news was not always good:<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrHlEcSogaHElzrpspCtZJCEpwECizQ2hP8xP_rECn31RhIYl7XpVskPtQjbnzYiZ8DuDkj2e21qJ2EMwwYqCvpgFOu0U31MeI_ztLdCgrB9Ft-k5w489b002LrTVbjwqqDpFLD_Zk5Zey/s1600/FL+21+Dec+1905.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="316" data-original-width="638" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrHlEcSogaHElzrpspCtZJCEpwECizQ2hP8xP_rECn31RhIYl7XpVskPtQjbnzYiZ8DuDkj2e21qJ2EMwwYqCvpgFOu0U31MeI_ztLdCgrB9Ft-k5w489b002LrTVbjwqqDpFLD_Zk5Zey/s320/FL+21+Dec+1905.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance</i>, 21 December 1905<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Until late in life, Richard remained active in the affairs of Confederate veterans:<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMWcFb_RunGp_p5I1VPG0mrpKgVOd_vIEotJX0KKITdcpu54u1MJMpGvxCqspwnimwedlm4FIePt-m7uWjKOCBtBV_hFto-lP6lS49MxyJOFmmMOolNRZd4UF93Rh0ntWSt_ZtKddABVIw/s1600/FL+21+Apr+1908.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="644" data-original-width="606" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMWcFb_RunGp_p5I1VPG0mrpKgVOd_vIEotJX0KKITdcpu54u1MJMpGvxCqspwnimwedlm4FIePt-m7uWjKOCBtBV_hFto-lP6lS49MxyJOFmmMOolNRZd4UF93Rh0ntWSt_ZtKddABVIw/s320/FL+21+Apr+1908.png" width="301" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance</i>, 21 April 1908<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMO4sZJuNWCdoBQqZgXV6pITBpDnSf7hOUf0djCJr_jMvCxeaFTAqdy9lp3gwnUf57GR6eyg1cV21gbE53_dHm_J3B6tGHMGkkDY4twtRL_v5pODqCBOdQB6RoOJ0K7xHJgbuh-7iPoy7D/s1600/FL+4+Oct+1910.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="408" data-original-width="610" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMO4sZJuNWCdoBQqZgXV6pITBpDnSf7hOUf0djCJr_jMvCxeaFTAqdy9lp3gwnUf57GR6eyg1cV21gbE53_dHm_J3B6tGHMGkkDY4twtRL_v5pODqCBOdQB6RoOJ0K7xHJgbuh-7iPoy7D/s320/FL+4+Oct+1910.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance</i>, 4 October 1910<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
In 1909, Richard was appointed overseer of the poor to finish the unexpired term of the late Anthony Smith:<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoSaMtyIlcP4VSn0-EpWW5OZx98LBKpUe-mb3dLhOdF1mAMO2QkvTYrCNmyOTCCLtQ4s8jiB7qszX_MRTvLo1K89zReKtmmlRIO6wB-Ipt3gFygpun67aCh7zNwe8BeYN3KnYz-muyQh9i/s1600/FL+7+Sep+1909.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="274" data-original-width="544" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoSaMtyIlcP4VSn0-EpWW5OZx98LBKpUe-mb3dLhOdF1mAMO2QkvTYrCNmyOTCCLtQ4s8jiB7qszX_MRTvLo1K89zReKtmmlRIO6wB-Ipt3gFygpun67aCh7zNwe8BeYN3KnYz-muyQh9i/s320/FL+7+Sep+1909.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance</i>, 7 Sep 1909<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
In 1910, Richard hosted two events at his home which were noted in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrJDdg4co5LbzeVaI5Kv6e76sVefk-prAjY6st-MZodRLywQGazuDp-9UutB6hkhbBQEKioSHKkTWjLQebgdZknatssIBkutEPIKkzSH13WncbzzUI7VXSHBSi3iqUuWZJQhQw7XVc0gZL/s1600/FL+24+Jan+1910.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1202" data-original-width="558" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrJDdg4co5LbzeVaI5Kv6e76sVefk-prAjY6st-MZodRLywQGazuDp-9UutB6hkhbBQEKioSHKkTWjLQebgdZknatssIBkutEPIKkzSH13WncbzzUI7VXSHBSi3iqUuWZJQhQw7XVc0gZL/s320/FL+24+Jan+1910.png" width="148" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance</i>, 24 January 1910<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyU5s4cfF7Um7Wnj1u0OOuyShQzeEUSI7ZZGx4FuwqWgqSvh1Pzpx3ndJUkVxm4AUTimehaTQNRdI17PEGamHB92BmN1HrvvYG4YtUi_K12EAX_Vw-jiFJJxQ52v_N6l2idX5kbOQtUy-l/s1600/FL+7+Apr+1910.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="260" data-original-width="582" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyU5s4cfF7Um7Wnj1u0OOuyShQzeEUSI7ZZGx4FuwqWgqSvh1Pzpx3ndJUkVxm4AUTimehaTQNRdI17PEGamHB92BmN1HrvvYG4YtUi_K12EAX_Vw-jiFJJxQ52v_N6l2idX5kbOQtUy-l/s320/FL+7+Apr+1910.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance</i>, 7 April 1910<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Richard Lewis Todd died at home on May 29, 1911. He is buried at Wilderness Baptist Church. The name of his brother Robert was added to his headstone (Robert died during the war in 1864, not 1865 as shown on the stone).<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjilw2uZjnBCuVzU5GjTryJ3G1GZBapTKBX8kAL_E90bG9V4M73d31UDhPqRd2fdqye0rcUUwfAr02sayPOPDBbZ3b2Oo9vNengYLBb85yvYWoTlwLlXutjEt5ksA4OgQxBFfqEGoolQrN/s1600/DS+30+May+1911.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1004" data-original-width="682" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjilw2uZjnBCuVzU5GjTryJ3G1GZBapTKBX8kAL_E90bG9V4M73d31UDhPqRd2fdqye0rcUUwfAr02sayPOPDBbZ3b2Oo9vNengYLBb85yvYWoTlwLlXutjEt5ksA4OgQxBFfqEGoolQrN/s320/DS+30+May+1911.png" width="217" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Daily Star</i>, 30 May 1911<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiANxS0bPnquYpfuDKK87IJBZ5fKhLwVpd0XMikLV9JLqeuPXmGVPTFxYBAbXmpfpHTssub9Zg3BFF9DXJ0eMklJ4b-ZY0h1V_fMJMpnQzsJGoHPb0sNwcPuml8C_UvdpxjpxjvGvwdCQRC/s1600/R.L.+Todd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="944" data-original-width="702" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiANxS0bPnquYpfuDKK87IJBZ5fKhLwVpd0XMikLV9JLqeuPXmGVPTFxYBAbXmpfpHTssub9Zg3BFF9DXJ0eMklJ4b-ZY0h1V_fMJMpnQzsJGoHPb0sNwcPuml8C_UvdpxjpxjvGvwdCQRC/s320/R.L.+Todd.jpg" width="237" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Headstone at Wilderness Baptist Church (Findagrave)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The cavalry sabers of Richard and Oscar Todd went missing for a number of years. The mystery of their disappearance was solved by Orene Dickinson Todd, who was married to Richard's grandson, James Turnley Todd. She wrote about this in her book <i>Dear Cousins: An Intimate Visit With Five Generations of Todds</i>:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSTAwLeaymo-I3psV8yRwTOUQL-hQxqwHJ3EHR8CEN6WGkt9TD3CWWquWC1_Rt-YB0BUB31toVNun43ADomNZJxFGj28buWuhV3loCGur2i6bUzEwdpgE79bjzcX6W2_VaVGkOci9gcM6m/s1600/Todd+swords.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="576" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSTAwLeaymo-I3psV8yRwTOUQL-hQxqwHJ3EHR8CEN6WGkt9TD3CWWquWC1_Rt-YB0BUB31toVNun43ADomNZJxFGj28buWuhV3loCGur2i6bUzEwdpgE79bjzcX6W2_VaVGkOci9gcM6m/s320/Todd+swords.png" width="266" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibsqK98Oc-o1dnTVHhWjFJONsFIoCCM1tIemf4ixfv0ftpcoOjtOKzUL5Su6wPvH_A6mZ7jTTANgo-rUvc8xJ801PufHRjk5KVB4mxy2F9rCkpOG-9x6qsvboJGr6zfE6MBomKaGJE7dSk/s1600/90279745_196000038391956_5856501011211878400_n.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="597" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibsqK98Oc-o1dnTVHhWjFJONsFIoCCM1tIemf4ixfv0ftpcoOjtOKzUL5Su6wPvH_A6mZ7jTTANgo-rUvc8xJ801PufHRjk5KVB4mxy2F9rCkpOG-9x6qsvboJGr6zfE6MBomKaGJE7dSk/s320/90279745_196000038391956_5856501011211878400_n.png" width="257" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Courtesy of Turnley Todd, Jr.)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Richard's oldest son, James Thomas, moved to Orange County, where for decades he ran a general store and post office located near the intersection of Routes 3 and 20:<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6qSDauTTfmecDPr_uly3IOVfQ1I-o6n-hoOSNSONiFrbdEjghaKoBWVOtd5vBCAAN51VUSCjwroBtrH84bRQh6JmtGiZ527dmsQLYg-Mi6pbMbknbXnrExNhyphenhyphenj5yf1-TIAomen7aSAZD1/s1600/JT+Todd+store+wilderness.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="867" data-original-width="1600" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6qSDauTTfmecDPr_uly3IOVfQ1I-o6n-hoOSNSONiFrbdEjghaKoBWVOtd5vBCAAN51VUSCjwroBtrH84bRQh6JmtGiZ527dmsQLYg-Mi6pbMbknbXnrExNhyphenhyphenj5yf1-TIAomen7aSAZD1/s320/JT+Todd+store+wilderness.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The J.T. Todd store, 1928 (Ancestry)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-3546874359904627762019-11-29T09:32:00.001-05:002020-03-31T10:21:21.700-04:00La Vista<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMdgX1mi_LwfyJr7GAjhJnwsFysy8EVlWDsoDH7ypBu4wYLSVgnwl5v02YSFAEWb8QI8XWAhyphenhyphenRAljEiRZAZ1ZE1BP61dCXaxESfmQLsLWgbQggYElVRWL3OhZyAIyNx_PSE_YvQP0Nq47S/s1600/La+Vista.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1600" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMdgX1mi_LwfyJr7GAjhJnwsFysy8EVlWDsoDH7ypBu4wYLSVgnwl5v02YSFAEWb8QI8XWAhyphenhyphenRAljEiRZAZ1ZE1BP61dCXaxESfmQLsLWgbQggYElVRWL3OhZyAIyNx_PSE_YvQP0Nq47S/s320/La+Vista.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">La Vista, 1858 (Encyclopedia of Virginia)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Standing now for almost 165 years on what is now known as Guinea Station Road in eastern Spotsylvania County, La Vista is a living symbol of the Boulware family, who built it and owned it for the first 47 years of its existence. The story of La Vista is in no small measure emblematic of its time and place. Its history includes the themes of antebellum wealth and post-war calamity, slavery and reconstruction . My thanks go to Michele Schiesser, whose generosity and assistance made this article possible.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmCw-O7HQWSLppd9HLtImRB332NlQzN53y558PjfOWgMHiNft_wI7PVKzC8NDDpaWAdAIIFl1OghkOzfNhdbMnS1kvIXmYC7Anat6_BOshJiUp4neSHl1jdoDbD8ltxHw1gVpB0qzTtfp-/s1600/Grey+Boulware+1792-1857.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="892" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmCw-O7HQWSLppd9HLtImRB332NlQzN53y558PjfOWgMHiNft_wI7PVKzC8NDDpaWAdAIIFl1OghkOzfNhdbMnS1kvIXmYC7Anat6_BOshJiUp4neSHl1jdoDbD8ltxHw1gVpB0qzTtfp-/s320/Grey+Boulware+1792-1857.jpeg" width="223" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gray Boulware</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNK6qQJnNNwSGvIielrHqz3OmkGwFLDg1kwkLoQNAy6RTHRWzDi8FeINh0mfRi7BL01LWNOdyvoKH3LEz5snd9I1t1KMVvdUr8yzId27cFg9_Y3q10vjR8WxNSOJaYO_YZWWo53ws0EbsY/s1600/Harriet+Boulware+1787-+1860.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="864" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNK6qQJnNNwSGvIielrHqz3OmkGwFLDg1kwkLoQNAy6RTHRWzDi8FeINh0mfRi7BL01LWNOdyvoKH3LEz5snd9I1t1KMVvdUr8yzId27cFg9_Y3q10vjR8WxNSOJaYO_YZWWo53ws0EbsY/s320/Harriet+Boulware+1787-+1860.jpeg" width="216" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Harriet Terrell Boulware</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
(The original portraits of Gray and Harriet Boulware are owned by Bob Lang, and were photographed by Robert A. Martin)<br />
<br />
The story of La Vista begins with the man who built it. Gray Boulware (pronounced "Bowler") was born into a large and well-to-do family in Caroline County on May 15, 1792. Little is known of Gray's early life. In Marshall Wingfield's <i>A History of Caroline County</i>, Gray's name appears on the 1813 muster roll of Captain William F. Gray's Company, 30th Virginia Infantry and on the 1814 muster roll of the 16th Regiment commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Aylett Waller. It is not known whether Gray saw any fighting during the War of 1812.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrrpjnUawV6acMip8Lw8obTzNgFvBLJAB5tIxw7pwuh0E3JsqxTIPDYwtGfeuqxqC-YteWHwhDNx-EQhcv3dCER1xBp7pdma36EcJevt903qa6wj7miBoR78zBNxYmbWNXXMMZVhWrtTMm/s1600/Caroline+map.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1401" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrrpjnUawV6acMip8Lw8obTzNgFvBLJAB5tIxw7pwuh0E3JsqxTIPDYwtGfeuqxqC-YteWHwhDNx-EQhcv3dCER1xBp7pdma36EcJevt903qa6wj7miBoR78zBNxYmbWNXXMMZVhWrtTMm/s320/Caroline+map.png" width="280" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map detail of Caroline County, 1863 (Fold3.com)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Gray married Susanna Miller in 1818. She died shortly thereafter. In 1820 or 1821, Gray bought Arcadia, a large farm in Caroline County situated between Bowling Green and Port Royal (and now part of Fort A.P. Hill). In the map detail above, Arcadia is noted as "Bowler" near the bottom of the image, just west of the The Trap, a well-known tavern owned at that time by Martha Carter. Gray married his second wife, Harriet Terrell, on January 2, 1821. They made Arcadia their home, where they had six children together between 1821 and 1828. The house at Arcadia was described as a two-story structure with two-story porches on the front and back, and had a basement and attic. It was built on a hillock of earth made by the slaves. Its foundation was made of bricks made in a kiln on the property.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjButBbnqTBUi0rHwVywx5wjkLelE9XnA1-pT7UCETiAY12ZaMUdL5_o9uv3DBirSopDnH-WNCYqUnCullooCSmID7uHvPduot1b5yUTRvh4onL4ds1hjZqCFH9dIwQPTYdA3WW1IuyLPGE/s1600/Liberty+Baptist+Church.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjButBbnqTBUi0rHwVywx5wjkLelE9XnA1-pT7UCETiAY12ZaMUdL5_o9uv3DBirSopDnH-WNCYqUnCullooCSmID7uHvPduot1b5yUTRvh4onL4ds1hjZqCFH9dIwQPTYdA3WW1IuyLPGE/s320/Liberty+Baptist+Church.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Liberty Baptist Church (TheChaplinKit.com)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Gray Boulware was a devout Baptist and an important supporter of Liberty Baptist Church, which survives to this day as the post chapel at Fort A.P. Hill. Gray's oldest daughter, Judith Terrell Boulware (1821-1850) became the first wife of Liberty's minister, Reverend Richard Henry Washington Buckner, on February 29, 1848.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9OS4nvS2HkYwfFMtmdSipEwbZe7KqjqSmRiwmvyfzZg7OjqyNGQQY1x1P4QJMFpeveLhjYqHcfnER6J-3czJ0d4MqraDQFoM1YQM_WYApaslipL7cKhGM5vccqPafIwZucfhG-MP4urhv/s1600/Spotsy+map.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1038" data-original-width="1600" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9OS4nvS2HkYwfFMtmdSipEwbZe7KqjqSmRiwmvyfzZg7OjqyNGQQY1x1P4QJMFpeveLhjYqHcfnER6J-3czJ0d4MqraDQFoM1YQM_WYApaslipL7cKhGM5vccqPafIwZucfhG-MP4urhv/s320/Spotsy+map.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map detail of Spotsylvania County, 1863</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
In May 1839, Gray bought from his nephew, Lee Roy Boulware, a 1,000 acre tract in eastern Spotsylvania County along the road to Guiney's Station. This land had originally belonged to Fielding Lewis, brother-in-law of George Washington. Gray called this farm The Grove. It is likely that he farmed this land, but he did not build his second home there until 1855. The location of The Grove (which Gray's son Jack later renamed La Vista) is shown in the map detail above as "Dr. Boulware."<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1ca4iQ2512QFStm7Qu-rjhBD0hx_j6GEsSE6uMccvaMA6iJ53mTjZmmWChgCoeCBj7ZoyiE9UMPZYkn9LpVLnxgoMqCQUeUJSVM5IfZ6hOboxDyrhpUWpU5SAeoe7tROdGNKjoltKbMcE/s1600/RENQ+6+APR+1844-1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="1242" height="103" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1ca4iQ2512QFStm7Qu-rjhBD0hx_j6GEsSE6uMccvaMA6iJ53mTjZmmWChgCoeCBj7ZoyiE9UMPZYkn9LpVLnxgoMqCQUeUJSVM5IfZ6hOboxDyrhpUWpU5SAeoe7tROdGNKjoltKbMcE/s320/RENQ+6+APR+1844-1.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEV1jcO52j5OjCUJ3mSbaN0Bxp9vLVtAwEwli68XLFglYZivITqWMvrbY7EsPVP6DKyqJMu5XYRKfcJhBOxACxjyJ3njFvRbPniA6bJ0dJfp8zU6hyphenhyphenlVw_mdKPYlMM65e3s_oUB7liV5-y/s1600/RENQ+6+APR+1844-2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="338" data-original-width="1140" height="94" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEV1jcO52j5OjCUJ3mSbaN0Bxp9vLVtAwEwli68XLFglYZivITqWMvrbY7EsPVP6DKyqJMu5XYRKfcJhBOxACxjyJ3njFvRbPniA6bJ0dJfp8zU6hyphenhyphenlVw_mdKPYlMM65e3s_oUB7liV5-y/s320/RENQ+6+APR+1844-2.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Richmond Enquirer </i>6 April 1844<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
During the 1840s, Gray appeared to be active in local Democratic politics. In April 1844, his name appeared on a list of Caroline County citizens who were members of the Committee of Vigilance. These committees were politically affiliated, extra-judicial organizations that performed certain law enforcement activities beyond those usually handled by the sheriff.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiGj3bCeeHZG4U0xcBDB8JZDKrfU_PqYC6x2GmWtVeiTnsMwjru87GLw23PbgR1LshNBOuVHBt0WrDex3lFdg-0zV_WxhV2Wa3lp6iGtT202a9iouL62MVz-jCHJ1DFGETaFejQ_GNgGmw/s1600/Young+AJ.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="910" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiGj3bCeeHZG4U0xcBDB8JZDKrfU_PqYC6x2GmWtVeiTnsMwjru87GLw23PbgR1LshNBOuVHBt0WrDex3lFdg-0zV_WxhV2Wa3lp6iGtT202a9iouL62MVz-jCHJ1DFGETaFejQ_GNgGmw/s320/Young+AJ.jpeg" width="227" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Alfred Jackson Boulware (Mary Campbell)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Gray's youngest son, Alfred Jackson Boulware (called "Jack" by his friends and family) was born at Arcadia on November 3, 1828. In an era when there was no public school system in Virginia as we know it today, Jack Boulware would have been educated by private tutors or at one of the many private academies that flourished in the region at that time. Whatever form his early education took, Jack was well prepared for his years at college and medical school.<br />
Jack first attended Columbian College in Washington, D.C., where he received his bachelor of arts degree in 1849. While a student at Columbian, Jack met John Moore McCalla, Jr., with whom he began a romantic relationship in 1848. This was the beginning of their long friendship, which lasted for the rest of Jack's life.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_fdHiQfZCCw0GxYRScx4gV-ZKWfmFPkb9kBP3A0dXA6khVq_Yd3GNgwdHtSOMMBeG6z-LWfMuWhB6YNPwXILws3I7BKJc_WD8NVyKKfoTAujlxqupYFCgM9r5KU5GBxJVgaMZ6HFdnfjD/s1600/JOHN+MOORE+MCCALLA.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1107" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_fdHiQfZCCw0GxYRScx4gV-ZKWfmFPkb9kBP3A0dXA6khVq_Yd3GNgwdHtSOMMBeG6z-LWfMuWhB6YNPwXILws3I7BKJc_WD8NVyKKfoTAujlxqupYFCgM9r5KU5GBxJVgaMZ6HFdnfjD/s320/JOHN+MOORE+MCCALLA.jpeg" width="276" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Moore McCalla, Jr. (Ted Goldsborough)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Originally from Kentucky, John McCalla came to Washington, D.C. with his family some time during the 1840s. John earned his medical degree from Columbian College in 1853, and began his medical practice in the nation's capital. In 1860, John was selected to act as physician aboard the ship <i>Star of the Union</i> on its voyage to Liberia. The mission of this journey was to transport 383 Africans who had been rescued from the slave ship <i>Bogota</i> and return them to their native continent. During the Civil War, John served as a contract surgeon at three military hospitals in Washington. As an adult John had romantic relationships with both men and women, even after he married Helen Varnum Hill. John described these relationships, including the one with Jack Boulware, in his diaries. John suffered from asthma and was forced to retire from his medical practice in 1877. He died in Washington in 1897 and was buried in Rock Creek Cemetery.<br />
After completing his studies at Columbian College, Jack Boulware returned to Arcadia. Shortly before beginning his pre-med work at the University of Virginia, Jack had a violent confrontation in downtown Richmond in the spring of 1851. Two mentions of this incident appeared in the same edition of the <i>Richmond Enquirer</i>.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHU2vQDtxXR8si-cctLqP-6Xx5cC8BCXyNM3wXk3Cy6nLlGclwcLHDo-nx1GL1l6lQsyydUJvPATTj98XC9J6j1cF0AVhY3NeQ6YNBtUD-90-Q4t2-g00lsPS7wmv6fDIszqDygXNfx8Sz/s1600/REnq+27+May+1851.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="336" data-original-width="884" height="121" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHU2vQDtxXR8si-cctLqP-6Xx5cC8BCXyNM3wXk3Cy6nLlGclwcLHDo-nx1GL1l6lQsyydUJvPATTj98XC9J6j1cF0AVhY3NeQ6YNBtUD-90-Q4t2-g00lsPS7wmv6fDIszqDygXNfx8Sz/s320/REnq+27+May+1851.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLWcTWkg61v0FA2IF2tZtz2lIk1cdANCRXnGhEH99pYVGsma5bN0gHv1RzapfK044hk-BB_ccPDmacIktCkmCI9Q1qb8CxZ9xO6agyW2cfKMAbANimLwlti7roQbko2zcUNbexTZ0lGztx/s1600/REnq+27+May+1851-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="990" height="113" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLWcTWkg61v0FA2IF2tZtz2lIk1cdANCRXnGhEH99pYVGsma5bN0gHv1RzapfK044hk-BB_ccPDmacIktCkmCI9Q1qb8CxZ9xO6agyW2cfKMAbANimLwlti7roQbko2zcUNbexTZ0lGztx/s320/REnq+27+May+1851-1.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvYQv1TagK0oSVe_czqZplXeGh6vWZ9_T_nBUDqRLRzTMlnYhtQfKyHzyqOdb32LdamP_jXPKmv-0gYnpw9YZGkWQparZQUshHbmzCebEjbwJxXBO-BoIDKoKtFepuKGKiM_VFWCKVqB8h/s1600/Screen+Shot+2019-11-27+at+6.54.57+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="108" data-original-width="692" height="49" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvYQv1TagK0oSVe_czqZplXeGh6vWZ9_T_nBUDqRLRzTMlnYhtQfKyHzyqOdb32LdamP_jXPKmv-0gYnpw9YZGkWQparZQUshHbmzCebEjbwJxXBO-BoIDKoKtFepuKGKiM_VFWCKVqB8h/s320/Screen+Shot+2019-11-27+at+6.54.57+PM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Richmond Enquirer</i> 27 May 1851<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Jack attended the University of Virginia 1851-1852, and received his medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1853. His education now completed, Dr. Boulware was ready to enter upon the next chapter of his life.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJSruTe16MrMFHp4m1ePYH8qxFP4MaQrjJbS-E9MrIVN7l30QGYgE8aYOJBM8kP5Px8u_Avq0tiVaP__Bzb0iTsRJsDh1uAvlppxV5Z9Ptj7I2CD9Yri3EYH0TwxKqc8bxqD5X2wIIUyaP/s1600/IMG_2077.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJSruTe16MrMFHp4m1ePYH8qxFP4MaQrjJbS-E9MrIVN7l30QGYgE8aYOJBM8kP5Px8u_Avq0tiVaP__Bzb0iTsRJsDh1uAvlppxV5Z9Ptj7I2CD9Yri3EYH0TwxKqc8bxqD5X2wIIUyaP/s320/IMG_2077.jpeg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ann Trippe Slaughter (Mary Campbell)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
On November 15, 1853, Jack married Ann Trippe Slaughter at a ceremony held at her parents' home in Rappahannock County (by coincidence, Ann's sister Maria became the second wife of Reverend Richard Henry Washington Buckner that same year). Not long after they were married, Gray began to build his second home at The Grove, his property in Spotsylvania.<br />
The house at The Grove was finished in 1855, and Gray and Harriet made this their new home. Jack and Ann joined them there. Jack's older brother, Gray, Jr. had married Millie Hudgin in 1852 and they settled at Arcadia. Millie was the daughter of Robert Hudgin, who was clerk of court in Caroline County for decades. During their years at Arcadia, Gray, Jr. and Millie had 11 children together.<br />
Jack and Ann's first child, Harriet Gray (affectionately known as "Hattie") was born at The Grove on February 23, 1856. Their first son, John McCalla (known as "McCalla") was born May 18, 1858. Frank, the youngest was born in 1860. In the photograph of La Vista that appears at the beginning of this article, Jack Boulware, in his top hat, can be seen sitting on the porch. Standing in the doorway is a black nurse holding McCalla, and Hattie is standing in front of them. To the left of them is likely Ann Boulware. The woman on the porch at far left is unidentified. A young black boy is playing with a dog on the top step, and a black girl stands behind the railing at right. Four enslaved adults, in addition to the nurse, are carefully posed. The identity of the person peering from behind the curtain is not known.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoqyQ_6iNw810Wd17GXfxDOEuEibHCWeX-FoPdlc8Tpdv3o3MlT1rgWRYzdy203MvBuGDOpgJTqXewR7uWUMSeGxZXOts0vyOGOqOzfr1s7WTV33xMsJ1JteQaFR-SA36SS64yaHMtlAAX/s1600/GRAYSRCARTEDEVISITE.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1040" data-original-width="1280" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoqyQ_6iNw810Wd17GXfxDOEuEibHCWeX-FoPdlc8Tpdv3o3MlT1rgWRYzdy203MvBuGDOpgJTqXewR7uWUMSeGxZXOts0vyOGOqOzfr1s7WTV33xMsJ1JteQaFR-SA36SS64yaHMtlAAX/s320/GRAYSRCARTEDEVISITE.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gray Boulware (Mary Campbell)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
In 1852, Gray Boulware bought a plantation account book from the publisher of <i>A Southern Planter</i>, a trade journal for Virginia farmers. On January 1, 1853 the overseer of Arcadia (whose name appears to be J.A. Stephens) listed the names of the 43 slaves at Arcadia, their job descriptions and their monetary values. The two oldest persons on the list, Frank and Edmonia, are identified as foremen. Some of the other jobs listed include hog hand, plougher, field hand, house boy and cook. Nelly and Jacob, both age 9, worked as field hands.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRhc0C3wytKuWa7nc5pQlVEcf7_ud8KMa2KbhNWf7hldDH_ZP0WY8DROWaG7WJsGtsGdcbIp9qQBzXtKJwLLjoRjOtPRMUsliJ3aue6ZlgOPcCIm4gWgWGnNIMBBB_ZTyO5abeaxXnx8PH/s1600/IMG_0279.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="957" data-original-width="1280" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRhc0C3wytKuWa7nc5pQlVEcf7_ud8KMa2KbhNWf7hldDH_ZP0WY8DROWaG7WJsGtsGdcbIp9qQBzXtKJwLLjoRjOtPRMUsliJ3aue6ZlgOPcCIm4gWgWGnNIMBBB_ZTyO5abeaxXnx8PH/s320/IMG_0279.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXsqxfAU_yzT8Js5C5vBz96MuKrMfFi_HF4Wft53wNgnxpJhwYejMOD90ybF0ebriM9oD5SJbZUEnQM8MsXAGPdEd0rpGXStvGzbCsvsH6MRv_UtK18vNnt4K055I9YwZ63mYf68aDM6WG/s1600/IMG_0280.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="957" data-original-width="1280" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXsqxfAU_yzT8Js5C5vBz96MuKrMfFi_HF4Wft53wNgnxpJhwYejMOD90ybF0ebriM9oD5SJbZUEnQM8MsXAGPdEd0rpGXStvGzbCsvsH6MRv_UtK18vNnt4K055I9YwZ63mYf68aDM6WG/s320/IMG_0280.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pages from Gray Boulware's account book (Michele Schiesser)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Gray raised prize-winning stock, which he advertised for the State Agricultural Fair in Richmond and in <i>The Southern Planter</i>:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjL5tgLNePQN6O42lt18RAlP-MYRFWIdL1AGCJvi8oNp3GAEugmBd8ghkeogOGmtpTkyqaJPwZCQKnwpzmZlUlvnLSZk8XWRDMwlVcDcyfx2CRvHdfP3OaCEHNCRjbdzcFKmUaT_v0CqCf/s1600/RDD+31+OCT+1854-1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="792" height="103" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjL5tgLNePQN6O42lt18RAlP-MYRFWIdL1AGCJvi8oNp3GAEugmBd8ghkeogOGmtpTkyqaJPwZCQKnwpzmZlUlvnLSZk8XWRDMwlVcDcyfx2CRvHdfP3OaCEHNCRjbdzcFKmUaT_v0CqCf/s320/RDD+31+OCT+1854-1.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSVFqGjpge7GQbaNdvbxX7MrlsPfDctAW5J3KjGJGRlMv68hh_9xDrNIhDtib4RqWMbXHfV4XgP6sDYUuEcVhBGfeQrG0RYMXlO6yHKMPmteIC2Dbh2kAfcBMMGajTvDNKLaBDfqjziG0-/s1600/RDD+31+OCT+1854-2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="138" data-original-width="794" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSVFqGjpge7GQbaNdvbxX7MrlsPfDctAW5J3KjGJGRlMv68hh_9xDrNIhDtib4RqWMbXHfV4XgP6sDYUuEcVhBGfeQrG0RYMXlO6yHKMPmteIC2Dbh2kAfcBMMGajTvDNKLaBDfqjziG0-/s320/RDD+31+OCT+1854-2.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Richmond Daily Dispatch </i>1 October 1854<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimwT4OsHFTjI7eT8PEAO-8f6E-sghRqvgvJ2oiBOZ64iyYoqelPjeH76YbY0xphBs3Qk7GIRAOMwu1e_Q5aJqiCEksxKnsqLpfhFF-SBuo8eKhEXGjiaCIJVg4RSIi13bEOUqWWcELeXqi/s1600/Southern+Planter%252C+Vol.+14%252C+1854.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="264" data-original-width="832" height="101" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimwT4OsHFTjI7eT8PEAO-8f6E-sghRqvgvJ2oiBOZ64iyYoqelPjeH76YbY0xphBs3Qk7GIRAOMwu1e_Q5aJqiCEksxKnsqLpfhFF-SBuo8eKhEXGjiaCIJVg4RSIi13bEOUqWWcELeXqi/s320/Southern+Planter%252C+Vol.+14%252C+1854.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Southern Planter</i>, Volume 14, 1854<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
In 1856, a Boulware relative from South Carolina visited Arcadia and was presented with a cane with an inscribed silver head which read "Gray Bowlware [sic], Bowling Green Virginia, Nov 3, 1856":<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi01E4bHsLuccMjwIg4UtdGlCxVB4ES-BgtM5eGFNRXjco8z7d7fMjJYeF6YagHIx2m6GaU-ni80NTb2qCGGpR8tmDpt4euq6fDQdbL65zxPmNjuyJ2md0uEiLjXcRcQRCPa-nbUdOA2FRc/s1600/Cane.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1106" data-original-width="672" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi01E4bHsLuccMjwIg4UtdGlCxVB4ES-BgtM5eGFNRXjco8z7d7fMjJYeF6YagHIx2m6GaU-ni80NTb2qCGGpR8tmDpt4euq6fDQdbL65zxPmNjuyJ2md0uEiLjXcRcQRCPa-nbUdOA2FRc/s320/Cane.png" width="194" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Presentation cane, 1856 (Michele Schiesser)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
On January 15, 1857, just two weeks before he died, Gray Boulware wrote his last will and testament. He bequeathed Arcadia to Gray, Jr. Jack would receive The Grove. His wife Harriet was given a life estate in both of those properties. Gray's will was witnessed by Ann J. Swann and by Richard H. Garrett, whose first wife was a niece of Gray. Eight years after he witnessed Gray's will, Garrett's name would be forever linked to that of John Wilkes Booth, who was killed at his farm in April 1865.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXN_imb8OlwCs4NHWTYr-MSFKfOK9_TbsL9WI6rLGAvFih6IkhgF_m-85uTl-wvPjNiDyQ1fDDgI2PH-Wk8b-d54JPHupFgwFXKEDvpE_hH8KBPLsxA75ur1U-mzkoXNIR3sywpDfDXng2/s1600/GRAYBOULWARESR.OBITUARY.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="518" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXN_imb8OlwCs4NHWTYr-MSFKfOK9_TbsL9WI6rLGAvFih6IkhgF_m-85uTl-wvPjNiDyQ1fDDgI2PH-Wk8b-d54JPHupFgwFXKEDvpE_hH8KBPLsxA75ur1U-mzkoXNIR3sywpDfDXng2/s320/GRAYBOULWARESR.OBITUARY.jpeg" width="129" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Obituary of Gray Boulware (Mary Campbell)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Gray's will also stipulated that the slaves at Arcadia and The Grove be equally divided between Jack and Gray, Jr. Shown below are the names of those enslaved people, 83 in all, and the monetary value assigned to each of them:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx0s2Dsd2XnggFFVigOUSRfRxxEZmv7oVQWaRzj4buTeOPg0VBw1wv2U1LzGSirX_vd68ReA1672_JHT-F7BclWWt2OS0QM23gZORAxztn-OQndVi7OjYj5QbYu8vRReU-QBmadgq9qS6q/s1600/APPRAISEMENT2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1028" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx0s2Dsd2XnggFFVigOUSRfRxxEZmv7oVQWaRzj4buTeOPg0VBw1wv2U1LzGSirX_vd68ReA1672_JHT-F7BclWWt2OS0QM23gZORAxztn-OQndVi7OjYj5QbYu8vRReU-QBmadgq9qS6q/s320/APPRAISEMENT2.jpeg" width="257" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7Qz9JMm63Ufjil8VIA169JYvyYi0geCKI9gSFBIozJS1BhyphenhyphenDo52-APEgsWi-AX7pK72t_m3psOLkS-31m8Jz1a_Xj1J8m95_sOhJ5voQy1DexAno-wqznrvXDzo46EpD3MGkzfVHCb5kF/s1600/APPRAISEMENT3.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1028" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7Qz9JMm63Ufjil8VIA169JYvyYi0geCKI9gSFBIozJS1BhyphenhyphenDo52-APEgsWi-AX7pK72t_m3psOLkS-31m8Jz1a_Xj1J8m95_sOhJ5voQy1DexAno-wqznrvXDzo46EpD3MGkzfVHCb5kF/s320/APPRAISEMENT3.jpeg" width="257" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Slaves of Gray Boulware, 1857 (Michele Schiesser)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Like his father, Gray, Jr. was well known to the publishers of <i>The Southern Journal</i>. In the July 1860 edition, he is thanked by the editors for sending them a pig, and he is named as one of the judges of the roadster mares and fillies at the 1860 State Agricultural Fair in Richmond:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="392" data-original-width="858" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH3DzRAkvVwoqwhm7FqUMCrVaYdStVZV5ODlc56sxWH241AaFT3OzGEDrw5sLDCAYllg4NvMOtAekffg2lc8fAgUmyM-LLkdznNA4_-p7aQji5RJg8_QRao2nGi9_ohHMSm5qHanWSnIIb/s320/Gray+jr+Jul+1860.png" width="320" /></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGKrK5b2CpJMfG4X-Bm3zpdCseU-b5yExxKTQbXRmD-qgbMy7tPuGkWi4vCnhafNE6Sfwx66pIMBA1I0M6Nf0hHCQCGna7qaTUfx5fklirqBxci2rpogSGqZ8kP9u2Xq9mswKdpHblnwIY/s1600/Gray+Jr.+SP+Jul+1860.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="586" data-original-width="454" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGKrK5b2CpJMfG4X-Bm3zpdCseU-b5yExxKTQbXRmD-qgbMy7tPuGkWi4vCnhafNE6Sfwx66pIMBA1I0M6Nf0hHCQCGna7qaTUfx5fklirqBxci2rpogSGqZ8kP9u2Xq9mswKdpHblnwIY/s320/Gray+Jr.+SP+Jul+1860.png" width="247" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhpfT4oqVRD45MKDpNHxGQrywntcOG93knvL4vSGp5gmkkOFs7ACt1_tN22-fd4WsMEtcmjf_DGZNHLbeTfx8kxhrj54Zai3_wmN5MfYNTUvL_bZ6Xd_LP8XkB_rlfmzIitVj70nb5E4LC/s1600/Gray+Jr.+Sp+July+1860.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="462" height="124" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhpfT4oqVRD45MKDpNHxGQrywntcOG93knvL4vSGp5gmkkOFs7ACt1_tN22-fd4WsMEtcmjf_DGZNHLbeTfx8kxhrj54Zai3_wmN5MfYNTUvL_bZ6Xd_LP8XkB_rlfmzIitVj70nb5E4LC/s320/Gray+Jr.+Sp+July+1860.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Southern Planter</i>, July 1860<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The 1860 census shows that Gray, Jr. had personal and real property totaling almost $66,000, making him a wealthy man for his time. He owned 47 slaves that year. In addition to his farming operations, he also owned a hotel in Bowling Green. Just before the start of the Civil War, life was good for the Boulwares of Arcadia.<br />
The year 1860 was also a prosperous one for Jack Boulware and his family. About this time Jack changed the name of his plantation to La Vista. The census shows that six white people were living at La Vista--Jack, Ann, their three children and Jack's mother Harriet (Harriet is also shown living at Arcadia that year, which indicates that she divided her time between her two homes). Jack had a combined wealth totaling $62,000 and he owned 39 slaves. In 1860 he owned more horses than any other household in St. George's Parish--22 of them--and he raised 20,000 pounds of tobacco, also more than anyone else in the parish.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8pzBsUKwRSDJeCE9EU6jOS78jJzN19H1WgRvqpQwfp7TBxooS0BW_R8cIaTZeadxg5FyDzZQuNci3aTGazIBiRASERTbfKKyKiO7IRLMgQwRvRrK3Z9O2RiqrlWT55hw1xTyN1mg_Lh_u/s1600/IMG_2116.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8pzBsUKwRSDJeCE9EU6jOS78jJzN19H1WgRvqpQwfp7TBxooS0BW_R8cIaTZeadxg5FyDzZQuNci3aTGazIBiRASERTbfKKyKiO7IRLMgQwRvRrK3Z9O2RiqrlWT55hw1xTyN1mg_Lh_u/s320/IMG_2116.jpeg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Harriet Terrell Boulware (Mary Campbell)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
There is no record that I can find which provides the exact date and circumstances of Harriet's death, but it appears to have occurred about 1861.<br />
When Virginia seceded from the Union in 1861, both Jack and Gray, Jr., supported their state's resistance to federal authority, In 1862, Gray, Jr., received a $50 bounty for his one-year enlistment in Company B of the 9th Virginia Cavalry. He also sold goods to Confederate quartermaster officers, primarily fodder. Gray, Jr. applied for a mail contract with the Confederate government. The August 27, 1864 edition of the <i>Richmond Dispatch </i>reported the names of 80-odd black Union soldiers (and the names of their former owners) who had been captured during the Battle of the Crater near Petersburg. Among them was John, who had once belonged to Gray Boulware, Jr.<br />
Jack Boulware was exempted from military service, but he still aided the Confederate cause by selling tons of fodder to various quartermaster officers, and by providing the use of his wagons, with his slaves serving as teamsters. One of Jack's quartermaster receipts was signed by Elliott Muse Braxton, who in civilian life was an attorney in Fredericksburg and a former state senator.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk18i30p2UPLEkgE7qER3-KmsUgumptlfoJt7zzXQ0gfE90iDOzyozeLYk7hcW3pDL_K34GlqQXq9YfjeYzN7-teVd6FPAlf46YqvXCGXWPJN7Xl09QqtXAxP3vs44dRYETCgUNqVqQHkl/s1600/FOLD3_PAGE_73+%25281%2529.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1058" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk18i30p2UPLEkgE7qER3-KmsUgumptlfoJt7zzXQ0gfE90iDOzyozeLYk7hcW3pDL_K34GlqQXq9YfjeYzN7-teVd6FPAlf46YqvXCGXWPJN7Xl09QqtXAxP3vs44dRYETCgUNqVqQHkl/s320/FOLD3_PAGE_73+%25281%2529.jpeg" width="264" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Quartermaster receipt signed by Major E.M. Braxton 4 August 1863 (Fold3.com)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKzufu7YlOVxVEMLuBwMIEnfJgPM2l1YJ19Rat2qA5jD19da9Ww1Hpsn-SIJApXeHwvyAU-Ud39DUjqNs5FJkxaifPLzd0lrTdvDGPB9IXsrSG1jbQXmeFt1Aq_jIJ_m2DT6NtHpy4Eb0r/s1600/ELLIOTT_MUSE_BRAXTON_-_BRADY-HANDY+%25281%2529.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="966" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKzufu7YlOVxVEMLuBwMIEnfJgPM2l1YJ19Rat2qA5jD19da9Ww1Hpsn-SIJApXeHwvyAU-Ud39DUjqNs5FJkxaifPLzd0lrTdvDGPB9IXsrSG1jbQXmeFt1Aq_jIJ_m2DT6NtHpy4Eb0r/s320/ELLIOTT_MUSE_BRAXTON_-_BRADY-HANDY+%25281%2529.jpeg" width="241" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Elliott Muse Braxton (Wikipedia)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Jack's first encounter with the Union army occurred in 1862, when soldiers under General McDowell's command stole 110 barrels of corn, among other things. Further depredations took place in May 1864, when the Union army stopped to visit during their march southeast on the road to Guiney's Station. As Jack described in his application for a presidential pardon in May 1865: "I have suffered severely in property by the operations of the war. During 1862, the Federal army took from me, eighteen horses and mules, being all my working teams. The fencing on my farm has been twice destroyed, cropping in a great measure prevented throughout the war. And my household furniture and supplies of food destroyed by military violence." However, one small item was saved from the clutches of marauding United States soldiers. A silver cake tray was hidden under a hen in the chicken coop. The hen was snatched, but the cake tray escaped the notice of the hungry thief. This cake tray was at one time displayed at the National Park Service Visitor Center in Fredericksburg:<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT5folxtFti38V7UcaFFFV-nReIOFjCgkPderQbDIbAuR2oT1HS3ZGH1CK_hkTpFu1Xd-1cZY_uDIP0_5vTGVv1rcrle8-Tpf9ZOVfNi0oHlJh-YaWtuFFvGTlPhpqWj1i9egNSxPhIIJi/s1600/cake+tray.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="780" data-original-width="1070" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT5folxtFti38V7UcaFFFV-nReIOFjCgkPderQbDIbAuR2oT1HS3ZGH1CK_hkTpFu1Xd-1cZY_uDIP0_5vTGVv1rcrle8-Tpf9ZOVfNi0oHlJh-YaWtuFFvGTlPhpqWj1i9egNSxPhIIJi/s320/cake+tray.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Boulware cake tray (Michele Schiesser)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The long association of the Boulware family with the legacy of General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson began in May 1863. Two days after his left arm had been amputated due to his accidental wounding during the Battle of Chancellorsville, an ambulance carrying Jackson and a military escort slowly made its way to Fairfield, the farm of Thomas C. Chandler near Guiney's Station. As this sad entourage passed by La Vista, it is likely to have been seen by the Boulware family.<br />
In June 1863, John McCalla was incorrectly informed by mutual friend James M. Slaughter that Jack Boulware had died of typhoid fever. While this was untrue, for the next two years John believed that his old friend was dead.<br />
Although Jack would be more fortunate than many others during the Civil War--he had plenty of food and most of his slaves chose not to run away from La Vista--his life would be ravaged by tragedy and grief. Frank, his younger son, died (the date is unknown). On November 15, 1864, eight-year-old Hattie also died. It is said that Jack, overcome by rage and grief, tore the works out of the upright clock, screaming Hattie's name and exclaiming that the clock should keep time no more.<br />
During the Victorian Age, spiritualism was taken seriously by many. Spiritualists were people who claimed to have the ability to communicate with the spirits of the dead. Jack Boulware managed to get a message to a spiritualist in Boston, who published a reply to him in the December 31, 1864 edition of <i>Banner of Light</i>:<br />
<br />
"Hattie Boulware<br />
Send to her father, Andrew Trippe Boulware [sic], La Vista, Spottsylvania County<br />
I want my father to give me some one I can speak through. I died at La Vista at nine o'clock in the morning, of inflammation of the lungs and brain, on Nov 15."<br />
<br />
At the time of the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox, there were still 28 former slaves living at La Vista, including 13 who were too young or otherwise not able to work. Jack continued to provide food and shelter for all of them. He also shared what food he had with his impoverished neighbors. In March 1865, the occupation authority of the federal army named him as commissioner to oversee which families in Spotsylvania County would be eligible to receive government rations.<br />
On May 8, Jack applied for a presidential pardon, a necessary step to re-establish his citizenship in the United States and be able to exercise his right to vote. On that same day he took the required oath of allegiance. Gray, Jr. also took the oath of allegiance later that year.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9QQ67lWJ7D-kJAq9eWiCsuESfXQ3zY1K44ge8ipdweG0r2rthSCjuruMEv4TIu6JIELIcG3df6ruqXUy4WzSl0GKwkPlCFpJZjUbjlzfME1bmIvRZvGproTsxv6Cq4FFINNzmlCW2d9QY/s1600/FOLD3_PAGE_7+%25281%2529.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="655" data-original-width="1280" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9QQ67lWJ7D-kJAq9eWiCsuESfXQ3zY1K44ge8ipdweG0r2rthSCjuruMEv4TIu6JIELIcG3df6ruqXUy4WzSl0GKwkPlCFpJZjUbjlzfME1bmIvRZvGproTsxv6Cq4FFINNzmlCW2d9QY/s320/FOLD3_PAGE_7+%25281%2529.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Oath of allegiance of Alfred Jackson Boulware (Fold3.com)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
On May 9, 1865, the day after Jack completed his application for a pardon, John McCalla received a message from him. It was his first communication from Jack since the start of the war, and his first confirmation that Jack was still alive. Eleven months later, Jack, Ann and McCalla booked passage on a packet and made the trip to Washington, where they visited John. Six weeks later, John made arrangements to come to La Vista in order to recuperate from a bout of illness (his wife Helen remained in Washington). He took a steam boat from to Aquia Harbor, then boarded the train from Brooke's Station to Guiney's Station. There he was met by Jack, who was driving a buggy, and eight-year-old McCalla, who was on horseback. John was shocked by the aged appearance of his old friend. The stresses of the war and the deaths of two of his children had taken their toll on Jack.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJTFPNbI2RjhhRKX2fe_4Cfw7kXrrINb9nWvmt0xy1vdwUXKM81yuB5H2NKRwrVnErMh3XqoG2DcbbmJoNKsdi0Pq1WYNzvPxuB5bVFAeJakAApbJ_nRWRS6XMsyBVXVvMfuT7D2BAIXtA/s1600/AJCARTEDEVISITE.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1165" data-original-width="735" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJTFPNbI2RjhhRKX2fe_4Cfw7kXrrINb9nWvmt0xy1vdwUXKM81yuB5H2NKRwrVnErMh3XqoG2DcbbmJoNKsdi0Pq1WYNzvPxuB5bVFAeJakAApbJ_nRWRS6XMsyBVXVvMfuT7D2BAIXtA/s320/AJCARTEDEVISITE.jpeg" width="201" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Alfred Jackson Boulware, 1860s (Mary Campbell)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
On June 16, 1866, John accompanied Jack and Ann to Spotsylvania Court House in order to attend a meeting to organize the Spotsylvania Ladies' Memorial Association. The goal of the Association was to raise funds to buy land for a cemetery near the court house, to locate the remains of Confederate soldiers at the local battlefields and to transport them to the new cemetery. During the meeting, Ann was elected as first president of the Association. Afterwards, John, the Boulwares and several others, including John Horace Lacy of Ellwood, went to the springs at the nearby farm of Neil McCoull and enjoyed an afternoon picnic.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6yQ7yPuZX9CdF6hYxmFHkb8PDuGSXcERZ5zRmWKiGfGfUWztqUxBp_oGQDlQGe_CisH_S4Cl0n9gJUQjRgyin-7K7FlgPSE6BD23aJFNSkrI-xoPrbWjBS0WePUCA3BiwTA5gCHtYbGPM/s1600/RDD+18+June+1866.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1306" data-original-width="520" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6yQ7yPuZX9CdF6hYxmFHkb8PDuGSXcERZ5zRmWKiGfGfUWztqUxBp_oGQDlQGe_CisH_S4Cl0n9gJUQjRgyin-7K7FlgPSE6BD23aJFNSkrI-xoPrbWjBS0WePUCA3BiwTA5gCHtYbGPM/s320/RDD+18+June+1866.png" width="127" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Richmond Daily Dispatch </i>18 June 1866<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5MOGDiSozgeMeL1NwpYhlPh4YQUW4mRxlRrdNJltoq5cZqc-m_sBd6JxBjETd3twIujrnFQ7O-TGYgFPtICcYEZgsnPaBdVyqLZM4Z_2m89ZfOyZqbR8sBt2aLiB_j3_h_Ow_vxN7EE6Y/s1600/F%2527burg+Ledger+20+Nov+1866.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="334" data-original-width="658" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5MOGDiSozgeMeL1NwpYhlPh4YQUW4mRxlRrdNJltoq5cZqc-m_sBd6JxBjETd3twIujrnFQ7O-TGYgFPtICcYEZgsnPaBdVyqLZM4Z_2m89ZfOyZqbR8sBt2aLiB_j3_h_Ow_vxN7EE6Y/s320/F%2527burg+Ledger+20+Nov+1866.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Fredericksburg Ledger </i>20 November 1866<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitLstbTh860IWszWJ_VwT6UyjVyowLYTt9lGVD-GVi1mGW7J2p1y-UahBQcaIbv9pUci12p_M45NAOVktgXaHylrKRFoYT1kn7rHvebP6zjmIVxhkthTH0Mw16NFNNoCBm_HXH3BMDcL_0/s1600/DD+20+Jun+1868.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="280" data-original-width="510" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitLstbTh860IWszWJ_VwT6UyjVyowLYTt9lGVD-GVi1mGW7J2p1y-UahBQcaIbv9pUci12p_M45NAOVktgXaHylrKRFoYT1kn7rHvebP6zjmIVxhkthTH0Mw16NFNNoCBm_HXH3BMDcL_0/s320/DD+20+Jun+1868.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Richmond Daily Dispatch</i> 20 June 1868<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Two days after the meeting at the court house, John, Jack and Ann rode in an open wagon to Fairfield, the farm of Thomas Chandler, where General Jackson had died three years earlier. Chandler had offered to give the Association the bed in which Jackson had died. The intention was to make the bed available for sale in order to raise money for the cemetery and for the re-internment of the soldiers' remains. John noted in his diary that an adult daughter of Chandler (most likely Mary Chandler) gave the bed to him. When John left for Washington the next day, he gave the bed to the Boulwares and began to seek a buyer for it. In one such early effort, John approached an agent of the museum of Phineas T. Barnum, but a sale was not made. As it turned out, money from the sale of the bed was not needed, and the Boulwares retained ownership of the bed until 1900.<br />
The losses that they incurred during the Civil War forced both Jack and Gray, Jr. to declare bankruptcy. In 1866, Jack executed a deed of trust to attorney Elliott Muse Braxton, conveying to him all of his property in trust in order to secure his debts. Jack managed to successfully navigate the bankruptcy process, and by 1869 his case was resolved.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRSGvpovuBY3O-94IhdCFOJZDBLzk9LXD2iTHT35gFtM91xKk3i4Ub0pKqgqWVt6iSyLJKS69aYtXWEP9wzyeM04m4KnMUCkfCzG_gPSKv1Wp6k3vbtk7A_IA7S8UiM-2B2DEzHFPCknKE/s1600/RDD+11+Aug+1869.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="88" data-original-width="504" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRSGvpovuBY3O-94IhdCFOJZDBLzk9LXD2iTHT35gFtM91xKk3i4Ub0pKqgqWVt6iSyLJKS69aYtXWEP9wzyeM04m4KnMUCkfCzG_gPSKv1Wp6k3vbtk7A_IA7S8UiM-2B2DEzHFPCknKE/s320/RDD+11+Aug+1869.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC2bf__Ibqbjnuosca1khrVOwpTUWL9V54_WouQWQqvlOzAidKbCiG3FCwgVTB_qAAnQVqw9TmCjxFJmHdTdLazVisepGhOtlmdJaQvc99Nmz8JvaNhEauzg7LM3t5LSnRDtX4r8LDpupF/s1600/RDD+11+Augt+1869.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="406" data-original-width="864" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC2bf__Ibqbjnuosca1khrVOwpTUWL9V54_WouQWQqvlOzAidKbCiG3FCwgVTB_qAAnQVqw9TmCjxFJmHdTdLazVisepGhOtlmdJaQvc99Nmz8JvaNhEauzg7LM3t5LSnRDtX4r8LDpupF/s320/RDD+11+Augt+1869.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Richmond Daily Dispatch </i>11 August 1869<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Gray, Jr. was not so fortunate. He was forced to sell Arcadia at public auction. The 1870 census shows his occupation as "hotel manager." Several years later, Gray and his family moved west and lived for a time in Chillicothe, Missouri before ultimately settling in Lawrence, Kansas. In 1895 Gray, Jr., was declared insane and was confined in the state asylum in Topeka, where he died three weeks later.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFuT8KSBB3qIrJgAx1ZHORjbcCHi6XCKBJ373cSRN-eRSfUw1UFqiDzFchwaTnexMzHFwqyGnQHV_KJLi9N8OoMCJ-AWdyJinvJGWISH7C6SkvmdS5p4r8uVjQCbvlxEjoIbsKRqZITmb/s1600/GRAYJR.PHOTOFROMTINTYPE.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="906" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFuT8KSBB3qIrJgAx1ZHORjbcCHi6XCKBJ373cSRN-eRSfUw1UFqiDzFchwaTnexMzHFwqyGnQHV_KJLi9N8OoMCJ-AWdyJinvJGWISH7C6SkvmdS5p4r8uVjQCbvlxEjoIbsKRqZITmb/s320/GRAYJR.PHOTOFROMTINTYPE.jpeg" width="226" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gray Boulware, Jr. (Mary Campbell)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSYzfz_heBKFTP0svRX9IT5r5MfYKRfaXF02vbyJkD08XPVOeSOEGle7RalaFaUxTELwU7I3CQ1pCVSHhrmNyVVsdjMLPBwhicFN7zG5ctL7JsI7FYQYt25xD_ClCxIt_4N8Fv99LGkEsW/s1600/Topeka+State+Journal+23+Jan+1895.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="188" data-original-width="590" height="101" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSYzfz_heBKFTP0svRX9IT5r5MfYKRfaXF02vbyJkD08XPVOeSOEGle7RalaFaUxTELwU7I3CQ1pCVSHhrmNyVVsdjMLPBwhicFN7zG5ctL7JsI7FYQYt25xD_ClCxIt_4N8Fv99LGkEsW/s320/Topeka+State+Journal+23+Jan+1895.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Topeka State Journal</i> 20 January 1895<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1Y_lCo_thG0NMGIdUXNNCtQ2_zEMeXihmllHTF2HhgjxTzZut83isidmmoDuOI3uEgjcMyq-5RDERQACy6tOgevlp8JKyRp6q4F7mI5YKpkAFlaUoiGXDkOjegoMk-ohgrbwXH1vAxbis/s1600/Topeka+State+Journal+15+Feb+1895.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="154" data-original-width="720" height="68" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1Y_lCo_thG0NMGIdUXNNCtQ2_zEMeXihmllHTF2HhgjxTzZut83isidmmoDuOI3uEgjcMyq-5RDERQACy6tOgevlp8JKyRp6q4F7mI5YKpkAFlaUoiGXDkOjegoMk-ohgrbwXH1vAxbis/s320/Topeka+State+Journal+15+Feb+1895.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Topeka State Journal </i>15 February 1895<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
By 1867, Jack had become active in local politics. In August of that year he was elected as a delegate to the Conservative Party convention in Richmond.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigCUTSa0D1nijKwvAbY6D-XatoXvQdZJK9ESF5Q_nm9SUnYU_yRs8TzncHu_9H-EWyjavDrGwHYJfjnJVvQGZjo0LDmUNInMuQXp3nzXVeNHwwK8NUglofx_qwEIEcKyKU_0WpE1ol1t_L/s1600/RDD+12+Dec+1867.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1518" data-original-width="554" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigCUTSa0D1nijKwvAbY6D-XatoXvQdZJK9ESF5Q_nm9SUnYU_yRs8TzncHu_9H-EWyjavDrGwHYJfjnJVvQGZjo0LDmUNInMuQXp3nzXVeNHwwK8NUglofx_qwEIEcKyKU_0WpE1ol1t_L/s320/RDD+12+Dec+1867.png" width="116" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEUEDyjTqdOOK6RIdv2H-MxqRYI6OrCGP_4CZo2q8PyzraNVy7H0l4Vm54IGC5wzA28GtE0_JmrNFy3rOzCdKp3p-w0lRVQEgI6Gz-AhGRgnJD38p-6SLrnJl-PTh6V3ByilMFxKLFc5Mx/s1600/RDD+12+Decr+1867.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="172" data-original-width="782" height="70" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEUEDyjTqdOOK6RIdv2H-MxqRYI6OrCGP_4CZo2q8PyzraNVy7H0l4Vm54IGC5wzA28GtE0_JmrNFy3rOzCdKp3p-w0lRVQEgI6Gz-AhGRgnJD38p-6SLrnJl-PTh6V3ByilMFxKLFc5Mx/s320/RDD+12+Decr+1867.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Richmond Daily Dispatch </i>12 December 1867<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
By late winter 1870, Jack's health began to fail. In early March he suffered a bout of jaundice and was ill for several days before he began to seemingly improve. Believing that he was out of danger, Ann made arrangements to travel to Rappahannock County to visit her mother, whom she had not seen for a year and a half. Susan Motley of Caroline County and another woman came to La Vista to stay with Jack during Ann's absence. For several days he seemed to gain strength and was in good spirits. Then he suffered from paralysis and experienced dropsy in his chest. Two days before Ann returned to La Vista, he suffered a violent hemorrhage from his nose and began to fail rapidly. Ann came home on March 18. Jack died on Sunday March 20, 1870. He was buried with his children in the family cemetery near the driveway to the house.<br />
When Jack died, the deed of trust he had signed in 1866 was still in force. Ann moved quickly to claim her dower rights in La Vista and to secure McCalla's legacy. To that end, she petitioned the court in May 1870 to obtain legal title to the house and one-third of the land at La Vista. Attorney Thomas N. Welch was appointed as guardian ad litem to represent McCalla's legal interests in the remaining two-thirds of the land. Spotsylvania County surveyor John M. Smith was hired to survey La Vista and make a plat of Ann's dower portion of the property.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx6hbA0CC0EPdcnFBTLc9vu1Uab7QchSFtQcbsdgQD64kvG7a2_XB9heuz-4AvJsGL0czQb8wnPMsWjVAHKplpDXZkBYDyBYXeaQHHhx9k446Pw1OlGpTd5onK_O7vp-XDEfimbj_bHdc-/s1600/1870+LA+VISTA+PLAT.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="953" data-original-width="1280" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx6hbA0CC0EPdcnFBTLc9vu1Uab7QchSFtQcbsdgQD64kvG7a2_XB9heuz-4AvJsGL0czQb8wnPMsWjVAHKplpDXZkBYDyBYXeaQHHhx9k446Pw1OlGpTd5onK_O7vp-XDEfimbj_bHdc-/s320/1870+LA+VISTA+PLAT.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5XyfYooAUM3xnQQMwvo93p5lE4Q8_20F6GRnCsfEi5n2-keHGzfOXI6q2DZ-iwq3q7kV17F8mHCmpAfquhdynTfvAvz811j79uJqVCYtR2cnSwN5bUU_rLSQLx-07GOVNuEZUMarwwjGS/s1600/1870+LA+VISTA+PLAT+DESCRIPTION.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="851" data-original-width="1280" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5XyfYooAUM3xnQQMwvo93p5lE4Q8_20F6GRnCsfEi5n2-keHGzfOXI6q2DZ-iwq3q7kV17F8mHCmpAfquhdynTfvAvz811j79uJqVCYtR2cnSwN5bUU_rLSQLx-07GOVNuEZUMarwwjGS/s320/1870+LA+VISTA+PLAT+DESCRIPTION.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Plat of La vista, 1870</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
At the time of his father's death, McCalla was away at boarding school. He was taught by a gentleman named V.H. Beasley. McCalla's education was of paramount importance to Ann, and she continued to pay for his education after her husband died.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgacwKBl3IexgRRZXJKZeZdS6vZFFbXZbMssVJIgE45AsVEnuQdq-SqHqYqmd5SRDVCdu248nOSkNbQGEY102Huasbhr0Mt9TnDji2oHSaMJxNIqeB6pG9RpkK4ELJZQnV1edioml8YcT9G/s1600/IMG_2074.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgacwKBl3IexgRRZXJKZeZdS6vZFFbXZbMssVJIgE45AsVEnuQdq-SqHqYqmd5SRDVCdu248nOSkNbQGEY102Huasbhr0Mt9TnDji2oHSaMJxNIqeB6pG9RpkK4ELJZQnV1edioml8YcT9G/s320/IMG_2074.jpeg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John McCalla Boulware, 1870</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
During the course of 1873, the health of 45-year-old Ann Boulware began to decline. She was treated by at least four physicians--Dr. W. Washington, Dr. Andrew M. Glassell of Caroline County, Dr. Holloway and Dr. Adolphus W. Read of Rapphahannock County. In the end, their efforts proved to be unavailing. Ann died on December 22, 1873. W.M. Jones, a laborer at La Vista, built her coffin and case for $30. She is presumed to have been buried with her husband and children in the family burying ground at La Vista.<br />
Ann's estate was appraised at $1,449 but only $718.19 was realized at her estate sale. Ann had made no will. Her brother, Francis Long Slaughter, was appointed administrator of her estate (Francis by this time was married to Susan Motley, who had cared for Jack Boulware during his final illness). Among the many household items that had been appraised for the sale were a bird cage, a refrigerator, a bathing tub and a $150 piano. At her death, Ann still owed to the law firm of Elliott Muse Braxton and Charles Wistar Wallace the sum of $198.39 for an unpaid bond.<br />
Since McCalla Boulware was still legally a minor, he was sent to Rappahannock County to live with his Slaughter relatives. While there, McCalla met Ada Johnston Miller, whom he married on October 15, 1879. They moved to La Vista, where they would live for the next 23 years. They had three children together--Darius Jackson (1880-1933), Gideon Brown (1884-1935) and Elizabeth Trippe (1890-1919). The 1880 census, dated June 11-12, shows McCalla and Ada (who was eight months pregnant with Darius), living at La Vista. Also living there were the Green family: adults Adelaide, the cook, and Benjamin, a laborer and children J.E.B., Robert, Lucy Annie and Carey. Soon after returning to Spotsylvania, McCalla sold his share of La Vista, keeping the tract that included the house and 338 acres.<br />
The bed in which General Jackson had died was still being stored at La Vista. During the 1880s, Rufus B. Merchant, owner of the <i>Virginia Star</i> newspaper in Fredericksburg, started a fund-raising effort to erect a monument to General Jackson at the Chancellorsville battlefield. Once again, the idea of selling his death bed was proposed to help cover the cost of the monument. McCalla loaned the bed to Merchant for that purpose, and the disassembled bed remained at the <i>Star</i>'s office for some time. Once again, sufficient funds were raised for the monument and it was not necessary to sell the bed.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj29bmcGNUbRIT7D_c4IAKgxUs9lr0MDtXCGcvGRzvE1g1es7AuoDaKjplDsVPdMHHQfRHrUjZIvx_4LAXT_Yp3DGxKL5_h4l5i-1i_dGEGrXlF2T6wZ-dB9K5DoEuVjzUoDxCpyK3dKUP9/s1600/DS+1+Mar+1900-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1272" data-original-width="704" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj29bmcGNUbRIT7D_c4IAKgxUs9lr0MDtXCGcvGRzvE1g1es7AuoDaKjplDsVPdMHHQfRHrUjZIvx_4LAXT_Yp3DGxKL5_h4l5i-1i_dGEGrXlF2T6wZ-dB9K5DoEuVjzUoDxCpyK3dKUP9/s320/DS+1+Mar+1900-1.png" width="177" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwl0bOI0yqsP4hXoQrrauDzjrEFZlTfa5t0nghh2M9598HVwPSDzcJ1CnPR6VK214TK-j-umAY37wp0AyP8gy6hNJxpVh-srAtxno-eKYse8mwGsPItdW6u4mL9DF7x9iY3bM9-oLZ5NYZ/s1600/DS+1+Mar+1900-2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="896" data-original-width="672" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwl0bOI0yqsP4hXoQrrauDzjrEFZlTfa5t0nghh2M9598HVwPSDzcJ1CnPR6VK214TK-j-umAY37wp0AyP8gy6hNJxpVh-srAtxno-eKYse8mwGsPItdW6u4mL9DF7x9iY3bM9-oLZ5NYZ/s320/DS+1+Mar+1900-2.png" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin5mxTYdje8nYqUekOdtrfHJVkHimmz_n8fhHaljrtQLgGwKHLS1fyCXZt1TD7pI1mQ8A2tVmnFsK4dcouQcb_hCSAlaSWmwGSFMV28XF4VR6A48Nf_ft3pKlhwPHD9IMods29YoGuD4_N/s1600/DS+1+Mar+1900-3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="718" data-original-width="688" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin5mxTYdje8nYqUekOdtrfHJVkHimmz_n8fhHaljrtQLgGwKHLS1fyCXZt1TD7pI1mQ8A2tVmnFsK4dcouQcb_hCSAlaSWmwGSFMV28XF4VR6A48Nf_ft3pKlhwPHD9IMods29YoGuD4_N/s320/DS+1+Mar+1900-3.png" width="306" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Daily Star</i> 1 March 1900<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Once the bed came back to La Vista, it remained in McCalla's possession until 1900, when he gave it to Dr. Hunter McGuire, the surgeon who had amputated General Jackson's arm in 1863. McCalla wished for the bed to be given to the Stonewall Jackson Memorial Association, which Dr. McGuire helped to establish. The Association, in turn, gave the bed to the Museum of the Confederacy in Richmond. And there it remained in storage until 1927, when it was turned over to the National Park Service. Today the bed is on display in the building where Jackson died, at the newly-renamed Stonewall Jackson death site.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEvKkO4qdoWRqk1cfMe4ey21dB0BlF__HoCNjj6FdB5SvOe6LS8e258kD7A2M2n7TQUAQKuU2fCen7Ds8JWN0d0aqu1ja463SV0nK1-pqXsO_C0fwF6CZ9uBycE8v9oJKa50uj3k-zHoeV/s1600/Southern+Planter+and++Farmer%252C+vol+61%252C+1900.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1054" data-original-width="430" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEvKkO4qdoWRqk1cfMe4ey21dB0BlF__HoCNjj6FdB5SvOe6LS8e258kD7A2M2n7TQUAQKuU2fCen7Ds8JWN0d0aqu1ja463SV0nK1-pqXsO_C0fwF6CZ9uBycE8v9oJKa50uj3k-zHoeV/s320/Southern+Planter+and++Farmer%252C+vol+61%252C+1900.png" width="130" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Southern Planter and Farmer</i>, Volume 61, 1900<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
In addition to profitably farming at La Vista, McCalla--like his father and grandfather before him--became involved in local politics:<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ9WAd5_2eDSLWhO2aRjcoGrvhrSFZafozEK4_nFSjgvOw1V3mlZNLCMaSEKmVtCjG12xEGiEA2isbzuoxalYaRlP_H2mL7Vz0THRF1DNT_Y7AOuUgKL8ZaMBNq8HGiy0U1G5mmt7mKeLL/s1600/DS+1+Sep+1899.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="734" data-original-width="700" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ9WAd5_2eDSLWhO2aRjcoGrvhrSFZafozEK4_nFSjgvOw1V3mlZNLCMaSEKmVtCjG12xEGiEA2isbzuoxalYaRlP_H2mL7Vz0THRF1DNT_Y7AOuUgKL8ZaMBNq8HGiy0U1G5mmt7mKeLL/s320/DS+1+Sep+1899.png" width="305" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Daily Star </i>1 September 1899<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
In June 1902 McCalla sold La Vista to Charles Decatur. The Boulwares then moved to Fredericksburg, where McCalla hired A. Mason Garner to build a house on Washington Avenue across the street from Kenmore.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-iVI-kX92WWl3LwfUkb5-e_BNUqvRaWN9FkZL4Cbpp-8wi_GNJEHPVuskmt258jL3wqlPG0PQE0nEYQfYUAW8kI-nX-Je_QUYzX707SFj0ZQ7-UfgaWeZhsdyW5uR95ooQntWn_QzIRka/s1600/RTIMES+29+APR+1902.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="342" data-original-width="682" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-iVI-kX92WWl3LwfUkb5-e_BNUqvRaWN9FkZL4Cbpp-8wi_GNJEHPVuskmt258jL3wqlPG0PQE0nEYQfYUAW8kI-nX-Je_QUYzX707SFj0ZQ7-UfgaWeZhsdyW5uR95ooQntWn_QzIRka/s320/RTIMES+29+APR+1902.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Richmond Times</i> 29 April 1902<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihmj3vKddavYCIHQC06cXbxJXslcDI5tfBHvgS8dVo9gaP6HpNlKSUcu3V0vmbfF_qHPJo7m4oYNi1yNVmtw7axXlAz18qeMdBOCb0LB9H-U6Q4f9lZgt_UA8QyoWlK-JyhNFw_GcYlW3q/s1600/RTIMES+16+SEP+1902.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="228" data-original-width="824" height="88" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihmj3vKddavYCIHQC06cXbxJXslcDI5tfBHvgS8dVo9gaP6HpNlKSUcu3V0vmbfF_qHPJo7m4oYNi1yNVmtw7axXlAz18qeMdBOCb0LB9H-U6Q4f9lZgt_UA8QyoWlK-JyhNFw_GcYlW3q/s320/RTIMES+16+SEP+1902.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Richmond Times </i>16 September 1902</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI82XDu4qkaZBuPbrdxo0S_SuxUVKpQpSeOsmWpw5GkDW_OtQskOOcXeykeA7ZsoMiKHg7voVYMTY4SJkqs5uh6PP2Msg1aUSjVFeD5Log4YNjtbyitpvAd9X0nPxpbhS5KGktzH3KqYYU/s1600/1204+Washington+Ave.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1172" data-original-width="1600" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI82XDu4qkaZBuPbrdxo0S_SuxUVKpQpSeOsmWpw5GkDW_OtQskOOcXeykeA7ZsoMiKHg7voVYMTY4SJkqs5uh6PP2Msg1aUSjVFeD5Log4YNjtbyitpvAd9X0nPxpbhS5KGktzH3KqYYU/s320/1204+Washington+Ave.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Boulware house today (Google)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
McCalla and his older son Darius started a feed and grain business on Commerce (William) Street. Over the years, they partnered in several other businesses as they changed with the times.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK7oDZveH0w915MNSZGETYOOI7gNW1HyuYyc_yrNjoFBzCUELFV22WkllQcV1vYwBLaNiL5xeWDhK4STso-CtT4EivG_V52GSdPIosbKnOS_ZyCKL_fDqTeJzMYCJCNReu-xPUy9o3MVJN/s1600/FL+5+May+1903.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="576" data-original-width="1418" height="129" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK7oDZveH0w915MNSZGETYOOI7gNW1HyuYyc_yrNjoFBzCUELFV22WkllQcV1vYwBLaNiL5xeWDhK4STso-CtT4EivG_V52GSdPIosbKnOS_ZyCKL_fDqTeJzMYCJCNReu-xPUy9o3MVJN/s320/FL+5+May+1903.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance </i>5 May 1903<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjuqeEBgpVCGhsV3dDqCYFGHd_Fo4Yh_FeepQd93Aikrfl7M-ff0eHPblwBe1Me6h2C2WygRq0PsYIOfnXwMFDttHC2s_uZaMSaKNbrqWRYtwTaRNoEcvT8OfdCH1PyAwZFsGBR3fhoefC/s1600/FL+14+Jan+1905.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="290" data-original-width="1222" height="75" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjuqeEBgpVCGhsV3dDqCYFGHd_Fo4Yh_FeepQd93Aikrfl7M-ff0eHPblwBe1Me6h2C2WygRq0PsYIOfnXwMFDttHC2s_uZaMSaKNbrqWRYtwTaRNoEcvT8OfdCH1PyAwZFsGBR3fhoefC/s320/FL+14+Jan+1905.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Free Lance </i>14 January 1905<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPGZBP-Fyr0q0QE_tcgyQkaR07WCWYO0VEfDpooYHYOR-9YZqz3ChLCur-C5EPgHs_pS5PQmozH9HgCeHbHzHblfXeyQ5hVJbvdW0Lj5rNcDG9invbOoMrau6ZRxNTreAcJs527ejKd6mJ/s1600/DS+27+Apr+1917.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="598" data-original-width="1302" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPGZBP-Fyr0q0QE_tcgyQkaR07WCWYO0VEfDpooYHYOR-9YZqz3ChLCur-C5EPgHs_pS5PQmozH9HgCeHbHzHblfXeyQ5hVJbvdW0Lj5rNcDG9invbOoMrau6ZRxNTreAcJs527ejKd6mJ/s320/DS+27+Apr+1917.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Daily Star </i>27 April 1917<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTy9JyLk-G6Jzmqt_hhwGbuQeSF8lddCW0t_dc8VNRrNvm5rLyHU5Sn6YAGHUcEhGqHeJBxQ_-Xm_aGNCuluXy9Y-nz-Midyj-ZZh_m7yoE8T22H0n7BrontJgYHVtZRwNSmWuL0aMBaT6/s1600/BATTLEFIELD+1917.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="462" data-original-width="638" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTy9JyLk-G6Jzmqt_hhwGbuQeSF8lddCW0t_dc8VNRrNvm5rLyHU5Sn6YAGHUcEhGqHeJBxQ_-Xm_aGNCuluXy9Y-nz-Midyj-ZZh_m7yoE8T22H0n7BrontJgYHVtZRwNSmWuL0aMBaT6/s320/BATTLEFIELD+1917.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Battlefield </i>1917<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
McCalla's other son, Brown, was one of Fredericksburg's earliest owners of an automobile and he had business plans for its use:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLSeKdKRBCIVexaCTMKGaNUg0Dk4b5w8ILFQ6LkiCdaM9ZGvu0HeLPnZblEApDZh3FXGgK7bCQoCxVFgpfLz_TNWnjk7eQ-uY-Ssx5xqaUFRMyapslhLQPazVZqf4kdafuesRUKiVpp35E/s1600/DS+15+Sep+1909.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="376" data-original-width="646" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLSeKdKRBCIVexaCTMKGaNUg0Dk4b5w8ILFQ6LkiCdaM9ZGvu0HeLPnZblEApDZh3FXGgK7bCQoCxVFgpfLz_TNWnjk7eQ-uY-Ssx5xqaUFRMyapslhLQPazVZqf4kdafuesRUKiVpp35E/s320/DS+15+Sep+1909.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Daily Star </i>15 September 1909<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Like his father 55 years earlier, McCalla experienced the anguish of losing his only daughter. Elizabeth was among the many who lost their lives during the influenza epidemic:<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrVur9yJWW9BrdIrQ8XmBe6477NM9ybLyGkysqqlnvauJHqS28SWVd9JtFvI_rwQCdaC8xBiJZR4fQoRH2Jt0jLy6se-Ng9N_ZMiiiQI_PfymxSr2ukZtdOr3WS5hvv7DMkOmvMX4BVHJF/s1600/DS+15+Feb+1919.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1060" data-original-width="574" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrVur9yJWW9BrdIrQ8XmBe6477NM9ybLyGkysqqlnvauJHqS28SWVd9JtFvI_rwQCdaC8xBiJZR4fQoRH2Jt0jLy6se-Ng9N_ZMiiiQI_PfymxSr2ukZtdOr3WS5hvv7DMkOmvMX4BVHJF/s320/DS+15+Feb+1919.png" width="173" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Daily Star</i> 15 February 1919<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
John McCalla Boulware died of heart disease on April 24, 1920. His death was front page news. McCalla is buried in the Fredericksburg City Cemetery:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz5jbq8ASF_gLDTlgY_VQTyiCXCL9pRi6GQtViQoSpwrngGm1oSK5MBCE-gdDYcGEPZmX2NX27jAS9i9FfTTzrK0BbRF19ki-IcHbhniU3_DW1nA-MsoS1sAdiSPvO57dc1rak8NI6se4i/s1600/DS+26+Apr+1920-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="992" data-original-width="632" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz5jbq8ASF_gLDTlgY_VQTyiCXCL9pRi6GQtViQoSpwrngGm1oSK5MBCE-gdDYcGEPZmX2NX27jAS9i9FfTTzrK0BbRF19ki-IcHbhniU3_DW1nA-MsoS1sAdiSPvO57dc1rak8NI6se4i/s320/DS+26+Apr+1920-1.png" width="203" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0h6Rtv_5CCdXOnk9AJc8pWxMOzkqRHuaKQTi1YAt7kYb3-OjhPPBawfk_8tr2siehJGnzBHk6ZyElVIMhNtnpBVhyphenhyphen7D3FncR-YF8WDmSg6stnyzZFfkHfUku9dYmOKrwHP77Yd5yUbjY8/s1600/DS+26+Apr+1920-2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="634" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0h6Rtv_5CCdXOnk9AJc8pWxMOzkqRHuaKQTi1YAt7kYb3-OjhPPBawfk_8tr2siehJGnzBHk6ZyElVIMhNtnpBVhyphenhyphen7D3FncR-YF8WDmSg6stnyzZFfkHfUku9dYmOKrwHP77Yd5yUbjY8/s320/DS+26+Apr+1920-2.png" width="187" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4_jp-xwS5NxrNtUGZPl7dmcn3D-mlRTKLxxbul7PTImTpxEYpE01g43mYMFIXX4ivGsqIwtCCC2hwLX_ZzhnQI4uHGnw4KlIHdVJX3HTVq7FLQA96eLqT1OE6whOzjPDrdkXtUPmCET1V/s1600/DS+26+Apr+1920-3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="476" data-original-width="640" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4_jp-xwS5NxrNtUGZPl7dmcn3D-mlRTKLxxbul7PTImTpxEYpE01g43mYMFIXX4ivGsqIwtCCC2hwLX_ZzhnQI4uHGnw4KlIHdVJX3HTVq7FLQA96eLqT1OE6whOzjPDrdkXtUPmCET1V/s320/DS+26+Apr+1920-3.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Daily Star </i>26 April 1920<br />
<i></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTejzAr0GC2O_Rj3r32J91ynKolIab7qUoyHx2R6mex1tEVP8PcTiTgsmcFI6dnEW8aSh6JKO1Zgxdf_pB9qLugW7_bIuhlMmGONH5qjIbYhS6RBj3mkAPenAqQXIjHgBSP30ZezgxiW6z/s1600/JMB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="776" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTejzAr0GC2O_Rj3r32J91ynKolIab7qUoyHx2R6mex1tEVP8PcTiTgsmcFI6dnEW8aSh6JKO1Zgxdf_pB9qLugW7_bIuhlMmGONH5qjIbYhS6RBj3mkAPenAqQXIjHgBSP30ZezgxiW6z/s320/JMB.jpg" width="242" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John McCalla Boulware (Findagrave)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
After McCalla sold it in 1902, La Vista changed hands many times in the years that followed. During the 1930s and 1940s modern conveniences such as electricity, indoor plumbing and central heating were added to La Vista. At about that same time, the Boulware family cemetery disappeared during farming operations on the property. Eventually, only ten acres out of the original 1,000 acres remained with the house. La Vista was purchased by its current owners, Ed and Michele Schiesser, in 1983.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiykkxYiobgCIfOc7rcmk8JWzyN4Lzht0K8MotPBLKzuDvxS9tDcd12uuj2Fay5NY3ZOnpVouC9_TzGo8y8eYLV34eZ9G_o3JviXyonC2E5FeBGeM1f7uLTUV21anyjWmZxw5ywtf11T6Jj/s1600/LA+VISTA.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiykkxYiobgCIfOc7rcmk8JWzyN4Lzht0K8MotPBLKzuDvxS9tDcd12uuj2Fay5NY3ZOnpVouC9_TzGo8y8eYLV34eZ9G_o3JviXyonC2E5FeBGeM1f7uLTUV21anyjWmZxw5ywtf11T6Jj/s320/LA+VISTA.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<u>Sources: </u><br />
<u><br /></u>
<u><a href="https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=177-1870-009">Boulware, A.T. Virginia Chancery Causes, Index Number 1870-009, Library of Virginia</a></u><br />
<u><br /></u>
<u><a href="https://www.fold3.com/image/249/30622989">Boulware, Alfred J. "Confederate Papers Relating to Citizens or Business Firms, 1861-65." National Archives and Records Administration</a></u><br />
<u><br /></u>
<u><a href="https://www.fold3.com/image/249/23923966">Boulware, Alfred J. "Case Files from Former Confederates for Presidential Pardons ('Amnesty Papers'), 1865-67." National Archives and Records Administration</a></u><br />
<u><br /></u>
Durrett, Virginia Wright, <i>From Generation to Generation: The Confederate Cemetery at Spotsylvania Court House</i>. Durrett, Spotsylvania:Virginia, 1992.<br />
<br />
<u></u>
Farmer, Selma, "Arcadia." Works Progress Administration of Virginia Historical Inventory, March 19, 1937.<br />
<br />
<u></u>
<a href="https://archives.rainbowhistory.org/files/original/232a443d953f0fe54f40736b075925ca.pdf">Herlong, Mark W. "An Incurable Romantic: The Life and Loves of John Moore McCalla, Jr."</a><br />
<br />
<u></u>
<a href="https://www.nps.gov/frsp/learn/historyculture/jds.htm">"Stonewall" Jackson Death Site</a><br />
<br />
<u></u>
<a href="https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/088-0143_La_Vista_1997_Final_Nomination.pdf">Ross, Helen P. La Vista Registration Form, National Register of Historic Places</a><br />
<br />
<u></u>
Rubey, Ann Todd; Stacy, Isabelle Florence; Collins, Herbert Ridgeway. <i>The Tod(d)s of Caroline County and Their Kin. </i>Aircraft Press, Columbia: Missouri, 1960.<br />
<u></u><br />
<br />
<br />
Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7202425888944428735.post-14646168327093647412019-10-29T12:41:00.000-04:002020-01-30T13:28:36.242-05:00"I parted from them by the burning light of my house"<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyDRy5y5gX8OSAmRpSsfLksIiUH7bZnzpjlK_2Tco0uXJNoRS8qR6ncLyBHmizx6kCGB7DEnJz25S7ryviWpz_-6RRkX3P6jLrWB1CDjr3I_k57_DsAlB9bQDfSUFHwq3Lj39m-PjdvjJW/s1600/Screen+Shot+2019-10-28+at+3.33.52+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyDRy5y5gX8OSAmRpSsfLksIiUH7bZnzpjlK_2Tco0uXJNoRS8qR6ncLyBHmizx6kCGB7DEnJz25S7ryviWpz_-6RRkX3P6jLrWB1CDjr3I_k57_DsAlB9bQDfSUFHwq3Lj39m-PjdvjJW/s320/Screen+Shot+2019-10-28+at+3.33.52+PM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map detail of southwestern Stafford County, 1860s (Fold3.com)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
In addition to the innumerable dead and wounded during the Civil War, the suspension of many of the freedoms and legal protections white Americans had enjoyed since the founding of the Republic added another layer of misery to people's lives. In the Confederacy, little tolerance was shown to anyone who was still loyal to the government of the United States, or to those who wavered in unconditional support for slavery. During the administration of Abraham Lincoln, long-cherished ideals such as freedom of the press, freedom of speech and assembly, and the right to a fair and speedy trial were swept aside in the cause of restoring the Union. In both the north and the south, anyone suspected of sympathizing with the "wrong" side could expect a harsh response.<br />
One person who suffered such a fate was Sarah E. Monroe of Stafford County. By early spring of 1864, she was a young widow with four children and an elderly mother, living in southern Stafford "two and a half miles from the Chancellorsville battlefield." In the Civil War-era map detail above, what I believe to be her home is shown in the upper left of the image, above U.S. Ford. Pinning down precise dates and associations regarding Sarah's life was no easy task, but I believe that her late husband was farmer Frank Monroe, who was a private in the 47th Virginia Infantry. The last entry in his compiled service record shows him to be in the Confederate hospital in Winchester suffering from typhoid fever. He died on November 24, 1862. <br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdWC7MnibtUsI1B9hRXQXMUna3q-zp6vd_GcdY-6HAKrYzegRQnhz9jCTPD0kEC7tJ3bFJFFlCJZKT7-Y9-5Y2MNgrEz05Hb_LiYENJ_yJornE5l_SFvqwUoDxwRTT6R9WbmsianjlEKok/s1600/levi+c+turner.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="797" data-original-width="990" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdWC7MnibtUsI1B9hRXQXMUna3q-zp6vd_GcdY-6HAKrYzegRQnhz9jCTPD0kEC7tJ3bFJFFlCJZKT7-Y9-5Y2MNgrEz05Hb_LiYENJ_yJornE5l_SFvqwUoDxwRTT6R9WbmsianjlEKok/s320/levi+c+turner.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Levi C. Turner</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Unfortunately for Sarah, her existence was brought to the attention of Levi C. Turner, associate judge advocate for Washington DC and the surrounding region. It was reported to him that Sarah was disloyal, and had been "harboring rebels--rebel scouts, etc." Furthermore, Turner was of the opinion that "she was a fit person to be sent to the Asylum for Women at Fitchburg, Mass., and I respectfully recommend it. She is evidently a woman of bad character, and her children injured rather than benefited from her presence." The prison in Fitchburg, Massachusetts was where female southerners, suspected of being spies or providing aid and comfort to Confederates, were imprisoned. <br />
What happened to Sarah after Turner ordered her arrest can best be told in her own words. Below is a letter she wrote to Secretary of War Edwin Stanton from Fitchburg in August 1864, followed by my transcription.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWxwRkt8-pxa0ezE2V2cMVJbeEdBSe2mwPRvkbawqp6KBRP_aRokafTlSCEPhmibUBPJLkVbzLbrzJm0S-PfRvtWJXDW8_m0uE_xx0SUZW87aCJrMFbC2e5HNAMCT31W675Lu-FedLrvx-/s1600/Fold3_Page_19_Case_Files_of_Investigations_by_Levi_C_Turner_and_Lafayette_C_Baker_18611866.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1108" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWxwRkt8-pxa0ezE2V2cMVJbeEdBSe2mwPRvkbawqp6KBRP_aRokafTlSCEPhmibUBPJLkVbzLbrzJm0S-PfRvtWJXDW8_m0uE_xx0SUZW87aCJrMFbC2e5HNAMCT31W675Lu-FedLrvx-/s320/Fold3_Page_19_Case_Files_of_Investigations_by_Levi_C_Turner_and_Lafayette_C_Baker_18611866.jpg" width="221" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Fold3.com)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpSnUoYk28fobHpSiQ__zEtY3lxH0Jh9iudXcsPpxdwESS0p6IDvo9ubr8IguHwl3FVr3JDna_AHxwCHf8vxI5RoItf0Ppl4yEaDO7GvyH4nVOQfEyV6xuG24rXebmZQw8OWfBoYGESlLr/s1600/Fold3_Page_20_Case_Files_of_Investigations_by_Levi_C_Turner_and_Lafayette_C_Baker_18611866.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1105" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpSnUoYk28fobHpSiQ__zEtY3lxH0Jh9iudXcsPpxdwESS0p6IDvo9ubr8IguHwl3FVr3JDna_AHxwCHf8vxI5RoItf0Ppl4yEaDO7GvyH4nVOQfEyV6xuG24rXebmZQw8OWfBoYGESlLr/s320/Fold3_Page_20_Case_Files_of_Investigations_by_Levi_C_Turner_and_Lafayette_C_Baker_18611866.jpg" width="221" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Fold3.com)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
"Fitchburg Prison<br />
Aug't 2nd 1864<br />
E.M. Stanton<br />
Sec'y of War<br />
<br />
Sir.<br />
<br />
I write to you hoping, and wishing when you know my case and present situation that you will give me the justice that I merit and ought to receive at the hands of every just man. I am a widow and lived in Stafford Co. Va. I am a true and loyal woman, having taken the oath of allegiance to the United States. On the 18th of last March, when in my own house, it was entered by members of the 4th Penn. and 10th New York Cavalry who were under the influence of liquor. I was ordered to leave with my old mother, and four little children, one of them at the breast. They then burned my house to the ground, not allowing them or me a change of clothing. In this condition I was taken from them, and only my God knows where they are at this time, for I have not heard a word from them since I parted from them by the burning light of my house. I was then taken to Warrenton, then to Culpeper C.H. from there to Washington City where I remained 11 days, without a trial or any hearing. I was brought to this place Fitchburg Mass on the 23rd of April. The charges brought against me by the drunken arresters, were that I had entertained Rebels, which is as false as midnight darkness. I had taken the oath of allegiance to the U.S. Government and I call my living God to hear me out that I had been true to my faith. I had nursed soldiers in my house, but they were from Company A Penn one man that I attended named John Carpenter could testify to my faith. I was engaged to be married to a man in the 8th Penn. had he not poor fellow been killed by the Rebels, could also speak in my behalf. When I was brought to this place I was led to believe that my confinement would be of short duration, but it is now three months and I have heard nothing of my release, my heart is sick of hope deferred. I hope you will do something for me that might speedily allow me to assure you again that I am innocent of the charge as an angel in heaven. Please let me hear from you.<br />
<br />
Yours respectfully<br />
<br />
Mrs. Sarah E. Monroe<br />
<br />
E.M. Stanton<br />
Sec'y of War"<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0fumUagELuuwzYLDMNoMwOEyDFnv5ZUX2M5htxBCbDdMgl8hYMfITkMcO0NbYwvQTdnUfRoZ-SLWtMnV3aotbmAZGKQIDWut7TXE81lOgYTNFjtvJQ3fYNRHoNCKaNkShxW3mh8Ctiz2z/s1600/Velorous+Taft+%2528K.+Kilbourne%2529.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="674" data-original-width="522" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0fumUagELuuwzYLDMNoMwOEyDFnv5ZUX2M5htxBCbDdMgl8hYMfITkMcO0NbYwvQTdnUfRoZ-SLWtMnV3aotbmAZGKQIDWut7TXE81lOgYTNFjtvJQ3fYNRHoNCKaNkShxW3mh8Ctiz2z/s320/Velorous+Taft+%2528K.+Kilbourne%2529.jpeg" width="247" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Velorous Taft (Courtesy of K. Kilbourne)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
During her long stay at Fitchburg Prison, Sarah had made a favorable impression on Velorous Taft, Chairman of the County Commissioners and Inspector of Prisons of Worcester County, Massachusetts. On December 30, 1864 Taft wrote to Secretary Stanton, informing him that "she has conducted herself with great propriety since her imprisonment, and has from first to last declared herself a Union woman, having no sympathy for the Rebels; that of all secession prisoners sent to Fitchburg she is the only one who has so declared, and the only one who has behaved decently...and she should be discharged." In his letter to Secretary Stanton dated January 11, 1865, Judge Advocate General Joseph Holt stated: "In view of the slight and unsatisfactory evidence of her guilt possessed by the government, of her constant and continued professions of her loyalty, and her good behavior during her imprisonment, it is recommended that such clemency be extended as the Secretary of War may deem consistent with the public interest."<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9AmKUT0zkdCZ6X4KVr2GqDdhjWsDf9fTZqIPvhXTA6ZeNy-OV2KdnPbhy77wOVoFhcU1JiYoJVqmSC98GNXYwYlxlxUHFss7dpr-dAzSNYTQNQXVSjFwIryy_YNQBxV5kqddh6tsApPCl/s1600/Joseph_Holt+%2528Wikimedia%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1534" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9AmKUT0zkdCZ6X4KVr2GqDdhjWsDf9fTZqIPvhXTA6ZeNy-OV2KdnPbhy77wOVoFhcU1JiYoJVqmSC98GNXYwYlxlxUHFss7dpr-dAzSNYTQNQXVSjFwIryy_YNQBxV5kqddh6tsApPCl/s320/Joseph_Holt+%2528Wikimedia%2529.jpg" width="306" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joseph Holt (Wikimedia)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Just four months after writing his letter to Stanton on Sarah's behalf, Judge Advocate General Holt became one of the prosecuting attorneys in the trial of the conspirators in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.<br />
On January 26, 1865 the Adjutant General's Office of the War Department directed the Superintendent of Fitchburg Prison to release Sarah Monroe. On February 9 she was provided with "transportation and subsistence" so that she could return to a home that had been needlessly reduced to a heap of ashes. Sarah survived her 11-month ordeal to return home to Stafford, where she lived until her death in 1904. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Pat Sullivanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17366914112183317711noreply@blogger.com2